The Five Disciplines of Intelligence Collection

Mark M. Lowenthal has over forty-four years of experience in U.S. intelligence. He has served as the Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis and Production, Vice Chairman for Evaluation on the National Intelligence Council, staff director of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, office director and as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the State Department′s Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), and Senior Specialist in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. He is now the President and CEO of the Intelligence & Security Academy, an education and consulting firm. Dr. Lowenthal received his BA from Brooklyn College and his PhD in history from Harvard University. He serves as an adjunct professor at the Johns Hopkins University; the National Intelligence University; Sciences Po (Paris); and the Norwegian Defence Intelligence School. He was an adjunct at Columbia University from 1993–2007.Robert M. Clark has more than five decades of U.S. intelligence community experience. A USAF lieutenant colonel (retired), Dr. Clark served as an electronics warfare officer and intelligence officer. At the CIA, he was a senior analyst and group chief responsible for developing analytic methodologies. He was cofounder and CEO of the Scientific and Technical Analysis Corporation, a privately held company serving the U.S. intelligence community. Clark holds an SB from MIT, a PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois, and a JD from George Washington University. Beyond analyzing wicked intelligence issues, his passion is writing on the topic of intelligence. His books include Intelligence Analysis: A Target-Centric Approach (5th edition, 2016), The Technical Collection of Intelligence (2010), and Intelligence Collection (2014). He is coauthor, with Dr. William Mitchell, of Target-Centric Network Modeling (2015) and Deception: Counterdeception and Counterintelligence (2019); and coeditor, with Dr. Mark Lowenthal, of Intelligence Collection: The Five Disciplines (2015). Dr. Clark also develops and teaches courses for audiences in academia, national intelligence, and the military. He currently serves as an adjunct professor at the Johns Hopkins University teaching graduate courses.

"The Five Disciplines of Intelligence Collection fills a real need for a basic guide to the key intelligence disciplines.  It will be especially useful to intelligence practitioners and users of intelligence who need to know how intelligence is collected as well as the strengths and limitations of collection methods. Those who teach intelligence and national security issues, as I do, will find this book of immense utility. Lowenthal and Clark are extremely well qualified to compile this work because both are "insider" career intelligence professionals of the highest order who know their subject."

• Chapter 1: IntroductionSome Important DefinitionsReferencesChapter 2: Open Source Intelligence - Eliot A. JardinesDefining Open Source IntelligenceHistory of OSINTHow OSINT Is ManagedWho Produces OSINT?International OSINTPrivate Sector OSINTTypes of Targets OSINT Works Best AgainstFuture Trends in OSINTReferencesChapter 3: HUMINT - Michael AlthoffWhat It IsHistoryHow HUMINT is ManagedForeign Collectors of HUMINTBest TargetsFuture TrendsReferencesChapter 4: Signals Intelligence: Continuing Evolution - William N. NolteSIGINT: The Cryptologic BaseFrom Morse Code to the First World WarThe First World WarThe Continued Evolution of SIGINT: The Interwar YearsThe Evolution of SIGINT: The Second World WarSIGINT in the Cold WarSIGINT: An AssessmentThe Information Revolutions and SIGINT: Computers, the Internet, and CyberReferencesChapter 5: GEOINT - Darryl Murdock and Robert M. ClarkGEOINT DefinedA History of GEOINTGEOINT’s Main Attributes or ComponentsHow GEOINT is ManagedInternational GEOINTThe Types of Intelligence Targets Against Which it Works BestReferencesChapter 6: MASINT - John L. Morris and Robert M. ClarkIntroductionMASINT DefinedA History of MASINTMASINT’s Main Sub-elements or ComponentsHow MASINT is ManagedInternational MASINTThe Types of Intelligence Targets Against Which MASINT Works BestReferencesChapter 7: Managing CollectionReferences