Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, is the Richard H. Rothman Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery and Chairman of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, and President of Rothman Orthopaedics at Jefferson Health. In this role, he oversees clinical, educational, and research activities across both institutions. He previously served as Vice Chair at Rothman Orthopaedics and Vice Chair of Orthopaedics at Jefferson, and as Co-Director of the Spine Fellowship program. His clinical and research focus is spinal surgery, and he has authored multiple academic texts in the field, including works on spine surgery techniques and surgical anatomy.

"With this book and its online component, readers will easily develop a three-dimensional, step-by-step view of the various surgical approaches. Also, with the emphasis on the clinical implications of each surgical approach and explanations of the spinal disorder being treated, readers will get to know the opinions of various experts about the surgical approaches."  - Ramsis Farid Ghaly, MD, FACS(Ghaly Neurosurgical Associates) Doody Review: 87/100

• SECTION ACraniovertebral Junction and Upper Cervical Spine1 Surgical Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Craniovertebral Junction2 Transoral Approach to the Craniocervical Junction and Upper Cervical Spine3 Transmaxillary and Transmandibular Approaches to the Clivus and Upper Cervical Spine4 High Cervical Retropharyngeal Approach to the Craniocervical Junction5 Approaches to the Craniocervical Junction: Posterior and Lateral Approaches6 Posterior and Far-Lateral Approaches to the Craniovertebral Junction: Lateral Transcondylar Approach7 Endoscopic Approaches to the CraniovertebralJunction8 Surgical Approaches to Craniovertebral Junction Congenital Malformations, Chiari Malformations, and Cranial Settling (Invagination)9 Surgical Approaches to the Craniovertebral Junction in Rheumatoid Arthritis10 Craniovertebral Junction Instabilities and Surgical Fixation Techniques11 Odontoid Fractures and Screw Fixation12 C1-C2 Trauma Injuries and Stabilization TechniquesSECTION BMid and Lower Cervical Spine13 Surgical Anatomy and Biomechanics in the Mid and Lower Cervical Spine14 Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion15 Endoscopic Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy (Jho Procedure)16 Anterior and Posterior Endoscopic Approaches to the Cervical Spine17 Cervical Corpectomy, Fusion, and Vertebral Restoration Techniques18 Anterior Cervical Instrumentation Techniques19 Cervical Disk Arthroplasty Techniques20 Cervical Microforaminotomy and Decompressive Laminectomy21 Cervical Laminoplasty22 Posterior Cervical Stabilization Techniques: Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation, Lateral Mass Screw Fixation, and Wiring23 Facet Dislocation Injuries and Surgical Management24 Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal LigamentSECTION CCervicothoracic Junction and Thoracic Spine25 Surgical Anatomy and Biomechanics in the Cervicothoracic Junction and Thoracic Spine26 Anterior Approaches to the Cervicothoracic Junction27 Posterolateral Approaches to the Cervicothoracic Junction: Transpedicular, Costotransversectomy, Lateral Extracavitary, and Parascapular Extrapleural Approaches28 Anterolateral Transthoracic Approaches to the Thoracic Spine29 Anterior and Posterior Cervicothoracic Junction Stabilization Techniques30 Thoracic Microdiskectomy: Lateral and Posterolateral Approaches31 Thoracoscopic and Posterior Endoscopic Approaches to the Thoracic Spine32 Surgical Decompression and Stabilization Techniques in Thoracic Trauma33 Surgical Approaches to Thoracic Primary and Secondary TumorsSECTION DThoracolumbar and Lumbar Spines34 Surgical Anatomy and Posterior Approach to the Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine35 Thoracoabdominal Approach to the Thoracolumbar Junction36 Surgical Stabilization Techniques for Thoracolumbar Fractures37 Anterior Retroperitoneal Approach to the Lumbar Spine38 Posterior and Posterolateral Approaches to the Lumbar Spine39 Surgical Approaches to Lumbar Fractures40 Surgical Decompression and Stabilization for Lumbar Lesions: Osteomyelitisand Tumors41 Lumbar Microdiskectomy: Midline Open and Far-Lateral Techniques42 Percutaneous and Endoscopic Diskectomy43 Surgical Anatomy and Operative Techniques of Lumbar Stenosis44 Transpedicular Screw Fixation: Open and Percutaneous Techniques45 Posterior and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion46 Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion47 Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion48 Spondylolisthesis Reduction49 Lumbar Facet Screw Fixation TechniquesSECTION ELumbar Sacral Pelvic Junction50 Surgical Anatomy, Approaches, and Biomechanics in the Lumbosacral Pelvic Junction51 Surgical Management of Sacral Fractures52 Axial Lumbar Interbody Fusion53 Sacral Screw Fixation and Plating Techniques54 Iliac Fixation55 Surgical Resection of Sacral Tumors/Sacrectomy and Lumbopelvic ReconstructionSECTION FSpinal Deformity56 Surgical Approaches to Cervical Kyphosis and Deformity57 Surgical Management of Scheuermann Kyphosis 58 Surgical Approach to Posttraumatic Thoracic Kyphosis59 Anterior Release and Fusion Techniques for Scoliosis60 Anterior and Posterior Treatment for Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Scoliosis61 Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Lenke Curve Types 1 Through 662 Surgical Treatment of Flat Back Deformity63 Surgical Management of Degenerative Lumbar ScoliosisSECTION GSpinal Tumors and Vascular Lesions64 Primary Malignant and Benign Tumors of the Spine65 Secondary Metastatic Tumors of the Spine66 Surgical Technique for Resection of Intradural Tumors67 Vascular Lesions of the Spinal CordSECTION HInflammatory Disease68 Ankylosing Spondylitis: Posterior Approaches (Osteotomy) to the Cervical and Lumbar Spine in the Management of a Fixed Sagittal Plane DeformitySECTION ISpinal Infection69 Bacterial, Fungal, and Tuberculosis Diskitis and Osteomyelitis of the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar SpineSECTION JMiscellaneous70 Surgical Management of Gunshot Wounds to the Spine71 Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty72 Bone Graft Harvesting Techniques73 Dural Tears

Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD, is the Richard H. Rothman Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery and Chairman of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, and President of Rothman Orthopaedics at Jefferson Health. In this role, he oversees clinical, educational, and research activities across both institutions. He previously served as Vice Chair at Rothman Orthopaedics and Vice Chair of Orthopaedics at Jefferson, and as Co-Director of the Spine Fellowship program. His clinical and research focus is spinal surgery, and he has authored multiple academic texts in the field, including works on spine surgery techniques and surgical anatomy.

"With this book and its online component, readers will easily develop a three-dimensional, step-by-step view of the various surgical approaches. Also, with the emphasis on the clinical implications of each surgical approach and explanations of the spinal disorder being treated, readers will get to know the opinions of various experts about the surgical approaches."  - Ramsis Farid Ghaly, MD, FACS(Ghaly Neurosurgical Associates) Doody Review: 87/100

• SECTION ACraniovertebral Junction and Upper Cervical Spine1 Surgical Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Craniovertebral Junction2 Transoral Approach to the Craniocervical Junction and Upper Cervical Spine3 Transmaxillary and Transmandibular Approaches to the Clivus and Upper Cervical Spine4 High Cervical Retropharyngeal Approach to the Craniocervical Junction5 Approaches to the Craniocervical Junction: Posterior and Lateral Approaches6 Posterior and Far-Lateral Approaches to the Craniovertebral Junction: Lateral Transcondylar Approach7 Endoscopic Approaches to the CraniovertebralJunction8 Surgical Approaches to Craniovertebral Junction Congenital Malformations, Chiari Malformations, and Cranial Settling (Invagination)9 Surgical Approaches to the Craniovertebral Junction in Rheumatoid Arthritis10 Craniovertebral Junction Instabilities and Surgical Fixation Techniques11 Odontoid Fractures and Screw Fixation12 C1-C2 Trauma Injuries and Stabilization TechniquesSECTION BMid and Lower Cervical Spine13 Surgical Anatomy and Biomechanics in the Mid and Lower Cervical Spine14 Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion15 Endoscopic Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy (Jho Procedure)16 Anterior and Posterior Endoscopic Approaches to the Cervical Spine17 Cervical Corpectomy, Fusion, and Vertebral Restoration Techniques18 Anterior Cervical Instrumentation Techniques19 Cervical Disk Arthroplasty Techniques20 Cervical Microforaminotomy and Decompressive Laminectomy21 Cervical Laminoplasty22 Posterior Cervical Stabilization Techniques: Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation, Lateral Mass Screw Fixation, and Wiring23 Facet Dislocation Injuries and Surgical Management24 Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal LigamentSECTION CCervicothoracic Junction and Thoracic Spine25 Surgical Anatomy and Biomechanics in the Cervicothoracic Junction and Thoracic Spine26 Anterior Approaches to the Cervicothoracic Junction27 Posterolateral Approaches to the Cervicothoracic Junction: Transpedicular, Costotransversectomy, Lateral Extracavitary, and Parascapular Extrapleural Approaches28 Anterolateral Transthoracic Approaches to the Thoracic Spine29 Anterior and Posterior Cervicothoracic Junction Stabilization Techniques30 Thoracic Microdiskectomy: Lateral and Posterolateral Approaches31 Thoracoscopic and Posterior Endoscopic Approaches to the Thoracic Spine32 Surgical Decompression and Stabilization Techniques in Thoracic Trauma33 Surgical Approaches to Thoracic Primary and Secondary TumorsSECTION DThoracolumbar and Lumbar Spines34 Surgical Anatomy and Posterior Approach to the Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine35 Thoracoabdominal Approach to the Thoracolumbar Junction36 Surgical Stabilization Techniques for Thoracolumbar Fractures37 Anterior Retroperitoneal Approach to the Lumbar Spine38 Posterior and Posterolateral Approaches to the Lumbar Spine39 Surgical Approaches to Lumbar Fractures40 Surgical Decompression and Stabilization for Lumbar Lesions: Osteomyelitisand Tumors41 Lumbar Microdiskectomy: Midline Open and Far-Lateral Techniques42 Percutaneous and Endoscopic Diskectomy43 Surgical Anatomy and Operative Techniques of Lumbar Stenosis44 Transpedicular Screw Fixation: Open and Percutaneous Techniques45 Posterior and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion46 Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion47 Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion48 Spondylolisthesis Reduction49 Lumbar Facet Screw Fixation TechniquesSECTION ELumbar Sacral Pelvic Junction50 Surgical Anatomy, Approaches, and Biomechanics in the Lumbosacral Pelvic Junction51 Surgical Management of Sacral Fractures52 Axial Lumbar Interbody Fusion53 Sacral Screw Fixation and Plating Techniques54 Iliac Fixation55 Surgical Resection of Sacral Tumors/Sacrectomy and Lumbopelvic ReconstructionSECTION FSpinal Deformity56 Surgical Approaches to Cervical Kyphosis and Deformity57 Surgical Management of Scheuermann Kyphosis 58 Surgical Approach to Posttraumatic Thoracic Kyphosis59 Anterior Release and Fusion Techniques for Scoliosis60 Anterior and Posterior Treatment for Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Scoliosis61 Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Lenke Curve Types 1 Through 662 Surgical Treatment of Flat Back Deformity63 Surgical Management of Degenerative Lumbar ScoliosisSECTION GSpinal Tumors and Vascular Lesions64 Primary Malignant and Benign Tumors of the Spine65 Secondary Metastatic Tumors of the Spine66 Surgical Technique for Resection of Intradural Tumors67 Vascular Lesions of the Spinal CordSECTION HInflammatory Disease68 Ankylosing Spondylitis: Posterior Approaches (Osteotomy) to the Cervical and Lumbar Spine in the Management of a Fixed Sagittal Plane DeformitySECTION ISpinal Infection69 Bacterial, Fungal, and Tuberculosis Diskitis and Osteomyelitis of the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar SpineSECTION JMiscellaneous70 Surgical Management of Gunshot Wounds to the Spine71 Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty72 Bone Graft Harvesting Techniques73 Dural Tears