T.G.K. Bryce is Emeritus Professor of Education, University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. A former Vice-Dean for Research, his interests are principally concerned with Scottish teacher education and with science education, much of his research output being published in the International Journal of Science Education. Walter Humes is Honorary Professor of Education at the University of Stirling. Prior to retirement in 2010 he held professorships at the universities of Aberdeen, Strathclyde and West of Scotland. Donald Gillies is Dean of the School of Education at the University of the West of Scotland. Prior to that he was Professor of Education Policy at York St John University. He is the compiler of A Brief Critical Dictionary of Education, a free online resource available at www.dictionaryofeducation.co.uk. Aileen Kennedy is Senior Lecturer in Education and Programme Director for the MSc in Transformative Learning and Teaching at the University of Edinburgh.

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• Notes on ContributorsPart I: AN OVERVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND1. Scottish Education 5: its nature, purpose and structureTom Bryce and Walter Humes2. Educational provision: an overviewIan Smith3. Scottish primary educationClaire Cassidy4. Scottish secondary educationTom Bryce and Walter Humes5. The independent sector John Edward6. Scottish further education Patrick O’Donnell and Mark Murphy7. Scottish higher educationWalter Humes8. Policy and politics in Scottish educationDonald GilliesPart II. THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT OF SCOTTISH EDUCATION9. Historical perspectivesRobert Anderson10. The history of Scottish education since devolution Donald Gillies11. The distinctiveness of Scottish educationWalter Humes and Tom Bryce12. Poverty, class and inter-generational disadvantageEdward Sosu13. Catholic education in ScotlandStephen McKinney14. ‘Progressive’ schools and home educationAndrew PylePart III. GOVERNANCE AND DIRECTION IN SCOTTISH EDUCATION15. Education and the lawJanys Scott QC16. Central government and the administration of Scottish educationMorag Redford17. Local governance in Scottish educationBrian McGinley18. National and local curriculum supportDerek Brown19. School inspection and school improvementDouglas Hutchison20. The parent dimension in educationEileen PriorPart IV. MANAGEMENT, ORGANISATION AND LEARNING IN SCHOOLS21. Childcare and early educationChristine Stephen22. Early SchoolingDeirdre Grogan and Joan Martlew23. Learning in Scottish primary and secondary schoolsTom Bryce24. Leadership, management and organisation in the primary schoolDeirdre Torrance25. Discipline, behaviour and ethos in primary schoolsJackie Ravet26. Transitions from early years to primary and primary to secondary Divya Jindal-Snape27. Leadership, management and organisation in the secondary schoolDanny Murphy28. Personal support (Guidance)Claire Wallace29. Ethos and behaviour in secondary schoolsRaymond SoltysekPart V. CURRICULUM: EARLY YEARS AND PRIMARY30. Expressive ArtsCharlie Byrne31. Literacy and EnglishSue Ellis32. MathematicsSusan McLarty and Ruth Forrester33. Modern LanguagesHazel Crichton34. Physical EducationNicola Carse and Mike Jess35. Religious (and Moral) EducationYonah Matemba36. ScienceStephen Day and Andrew Killen37. Social StudiesJuliet Hancock, Lynne Robertson and Anne Robertson38. TechnologiesSusan McLarenPart VI. CURRICULUM: SECONDARY39. Art and Design Diarmuid McAuliffe40. BiologyStephen Day41. Business EducationJackie White42. ChemistryMargaret Ritchie 43. Computing ScienceVic Lally and Peter Donaldson44. Design and TechnologyDavid Morrison-Love45. Drama Will Barlow46. English and Literacy Hugh Gallagher and Linda Harris47. Geography Ashley Fenwick48. History Joe Smith49. Home Economics Agnes Macintosh50. Mathematics Ian Hulse and John Winter51. Modern Foreign Languages Do Coyle52. Modern Studies Sarah Proctor53. Music Alan Hewitt and Andrew Dickie 54. Physical Education and SportShirley Gray and Andrew Horrell55. PhysicsMorag Findlay56. Religious and Moral EducationLeonardo Franchi and Leon Robinson57. Social Sciences John GouldPart VII. CROSS-SECTORAL AND INTER-DISCIPLINARY ISSUES58. Literacy across learningLinda Harris and Hugh Gallagher59. Numeracy across learningTom Macintyre60. Digital education in schoolsJudy Robertson61. Health and wellbeingJennifer Spratt62. Citizenship educationAlan Britton63. Outdoor learningPeter Higgins and Robbie Nicol64. Children’s rightsJohn I’Anson65. Learning for sustainabilityPeter Higgins and Beth Christie66. The Scots language in educationAnne Donovan and Liz Niven67. Gaelic education Boyd RobertsonPart VIII. ASSESSMENT, CERTIFICATION AND ACHIEVEMENTS68. Assessment in Scottish schoolsTom Bryce69. The Scottish Qualifications AuthorityTom Bryce and Walter Humes70. SQA findings on Scottish attainmentsJames Morgan71. The national improvement framework and the return of national testingChris McIlroy Part IX. FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION72. Knowledge, skills and pathways in Further EducationGary Husband73. Teaching and Learning in FE and HEVelda McCune74. Higher Education in turbulent timesTerry Brotherstone and Murdo Mathison75. Access, progression and retention in FE and HECristina Iannelli76. From adult education to lifelong learningJanis DavidsonPart X. SCOTTISH SOCIETY: EDUCATION FOR ALL?77. Inclusion for all? Lisa McAuliffe78. Additional support needsLio Moscardini79. Psychological services and their impact Tommy MacKay80. The ‘People’ People: The many roles and professional relationships of Social WorkersIan Milligan81. Community Education and Community Learning and DevelopmentDavid Wallace and Annette Coburn82. Multi-agency workingJoan Forbes83. Disaffection with schoolingGeorge Head84. Educating migrant and refugee pupilsDaniela Sime85. Gender and Scottish educationSheila Riddell and Elizabet Weedon86. Addressing LGBTI issues in Scotland’s schoolsIan Rivers87. ‘Race’ equality in Scottish educationRowena Arshad88. Religious intolerance: sectarianismStephen J. McKinneyPart XI. TEACHERS AND TEACHER EDUCATION 89. Scottish teachers: then and nowAileen Kennedy90. Initial teacher education in ScotlandAnn MacDonald and Ann Rae91. Teacher professional learningAileen Kennedy and Anna Beck92. Teacher leadershipMargery McMahon93. Teachers’ professional organisationsLarry Flanagan94. The General Teaching Council for Scotland as an independent body – but for how long?Tom Hamilton95. Researching education in ScotlandLaura Colucci-Gray and Kirsten Darling-McQuistanPart XII. LOOKING FORWARD: THE FUTURE OF EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND96. Curriculum reform: progress, tensions and possibilitiesMark Priestley97. A pupil’s experience of Scottish educationJonathan Tevendale98. An alternative vocational pathway: a model for the futureIain White 99. A journalist’s perspective on the future of Scottish education Henry Hepburn100. The direction of post-school education in ScotlandJean Barr101. The future of (Scottish) education: an international perspectiveTrevor Gale and Stephen Parker102. The funding of Scottish education: recent experiences and future prospectsDavid Bell103. The future of Scottish educationThe Editors

T.G.K. Bryce is Emeritus Professor of Education, University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. A former Vice-Dean for Research, his interests are principally concerned with Scottish teacher education and with science education, much of his research output being published in the International Journal of Science Education. Walter Humes is Honorary Professor of Education at the University of Stirling. Prior to retirement in 2010 he held professorships at the universities of Aberdeen, Strathclyde and West of Scotland. Donald Gillies is Dean of the School of Education at the University of the West of Scotland. Prior to that he was Professor of Education Policy at York St John University. He is the compiler of A Brief Critical Dictionary of Education, a free online resource available at www.dictionaryofeducation.co.uk. Aileen Kennedy is Senior Lecturer in Education and Programme Director for the MSc in Transformative Learning and Teaching at the University of Edinburgh.

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• Notes on ContributorsPart I: AN OVERVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND1. Scottish Education 5: its nature, purpose and structureTom Bryce and Walter Humes2. Educational provision: an overviewIan Smith3. Scottish primary educationClaire Cassidy4. Scottish secondary educationTom Bryce and Walter Humes5. The independent sector John Edward6. Scottish further education Patrick O’Donnell and Mark Murphy7. Scottish higher educationWalter Humes8. Policy and politics in Scottish educationDonald GilliesPart II. THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT OF SCOTTISH EDUCATION9. Historical perspectivesRobert Anderson10. The history of Scottish education since devolution Donald Gillies11. The distinctiveness of Scottish educationWalter Humes and Tom Bryce12. Poverty, class and inter-generational disadvantageEdward Sosu13. Catholic education in ScotlandStephen McKinney14. ‘Progressive’ schools and home educationAndrew PylePart III. GOVERNANCE AND DIRECTION IN SCOTTISH EDUCATION15. Education and the lawJanys Scott QC16. Central government and the administration of Scottish educationMorag Redford17. Local governance in Scottish educationBrian McGinley18. National and local curriculum supportDerek Brown19. School inspection and school improvementDouglas Hutchison20. The parent dimension in educationEileen PriorPart IV. MANAGEMENT, ORGANISATION AND LEARNING IN SCHOOLS21. Childcare and early educationChristine Stephen22. Early SchoolingDeirdre Grogan and Joan Martlew23. Learning in Scottish primary and secondary schoolsTom Bryce24. Leadership, management and organisation in the primary schoolDeirdre Torrance25. Discipline, behaviour and ethos in primary schoolsJackie Ravet26. Transitions from early years to primary and primary to secondary Divya Jindal-Snape27. Leadership, management and organisation in the secondary schoolDanny Murphy28. Personal support (Guidance)Claire Wallace29. Ethos and behaviour in secondary schoolsRaymond SoltysekPart V. CURRICULUM: EARLY YEARS AND PRIMARY30. Expressive ArtsCharlie Byrne31. Literacy and EnglishSue Ellis32. MathematicsSusan McLarty and Ruth Forrester33. Modern LanguagesHazel Crichton34. Physical EducationNicola Carse and Mike Jess35. Religious (and Moral) EducationYonah Matemba36. ScienceStephen Day and Andrew Killen37. Social StudiesJuliet Hancock, Lynne Robertson and Anne Robertson38. TechnologiesSusan McLarenPart VI. CURRICULUM: SECONDARY39. Art and Design Diarmuid McAuliffe40. BiologyStephen Day41. Business EducationJackie White42. ChemistryMargaret Ritchie 43. Computing ScienceVic Lally and Peter Donaldson44. Design and TechnologyDavid Morrison-Love45. Drama Will Barlow46. English and Literacy Hugh Gallagher and Linda Harris47. Geography Ashley Fenwick48. History Joe Smith49. Home Economics Agnes Macintosh50. Mathematics Ian Hulse and John Winter51. Modern Foreign Languages Do Coyle52. Modern Studies Sarah Proctor53. Music Alan Hewitt and Andrew Dickie 54. Physical Education and SportShirley Gray and Andrew Horrell55. PhysicsMorag Findlay56. Religious and Moral EducationLeonardo Franchi and Leon Robinson57. Social Sciences John GouldPart VII. CROSS-SECTORAL AND INTER-DISCIPLINARY ISSUES58. Literacy across learningLinda Harris and Hugh Gallagher59. Numeracy across learningTom Macintyre60. Digital education in schoolsJudy Robertson61. Health and wellbeingJennifer Spratt62. Citizenship educationAlan Britton63. Outdoor learningPeter Higgins and Robbie Nicol64. Children’s rightsJohn I’Anson65. Learning for sustainabilityPeter Higgins and Beth Christie66. The Scots language in educationAnne Donovan and Liz Niven67. Gaelic education Boyd RobertsonPart VIII. ASSESSMENT, CERTIFICATION AND ACHIEVEMENTS68. Assessment in Scottish schoolsTom Bryce69. The Scottish Qualifications AuthorityTom Bryce and Walter Humes70. SQA findings on Scottish attainmentsJames Morgan71. The national improvement framework and the return of national testingChris McIlroy Part IX. FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION72. Knowledge, skills and pathways in Further EducationGary Husband73. Teaching and Learning in FE and HEVelda McCune74. Higher Education in turbulent timesTerry Brotherstone and Murdo Mathison75. Access, progression and retention in FE and HECristina Iannelli76. From adult education to lifelong learningJanis DavidsonPart X. SCOTTISH SOCIETY: EDUCATION FOR ALL?77. Inclusion for all? Lisa McAuliffe78. Additional support needsLio Moscardini79. Psychological services and their impact Tommy MacKay80. The ‘People’ People: The many roles and professional relationships of Social WorkersIan Milligan81. Community Education and Community Learning and DevelopmentDavid Wallace and Annette Coburn82. Multi-agency workingJoan Forbes83. Disaffection with schoolingGeorge Head84. Educating migrant and refugee pupilsDaniela Sime85. Gender and Scottish educationSheila Riddell and Elizabet Weedon86. Addressing LGBTI issues in Scotland’s schoolsIan Rivers87. ‘Race’ equality in Scottish educationRowena Arshad88. Religious intolerance: sectarianismStephen J. McKinneyPart XI. TEACHERS AND TEACHER EDUCATION 89. Scottish teachers: then and nowAileen Kennedy90. Initial teacher education in ScotlandAnn MacDonald and Ann Rae91. Teacher professional learningAileen Kennedy and Anna Beck92. Teacher leadershipMargery McMahon93. Teachers’ professional organisationsLarry Flanagan94. The General Teaching Council for Scotland as an independent body – but for how long?Tom Hamilton95. Researching education in ScotlandLaura Colucci-Gray and Kirsten Darling-McQuistanPart XII. LOOKING FORWARD: THE FUTURE OF EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND96. Curriculum reform: progress, tensions and possibilitiesMark Priestley97. A pupil’s experience of Scottish educationJonathan Tevendale98. An alternative vocational pathway: a model for the futureIain White 99. A journalist’s perspective on the future of Scottish education Henry Hepburn100. The direction of post-school education in ScotlandJean Barr101. The future of (Scottish) education: an international perspectiveTrevor Gale and Stephen Parker102. The funding of Scottish education: recent experiences and future prospectsDavid Bell103. The future of Scottish educationThe Editors

T.G.K. Bryce is Emeritus Professor of Education, University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. A former Vice-Dean for Research, his interests are principally concerned with Scottish teacher education and with science education, much of his research output being published in the International Journal of Science Education. Walter Humes is Honorary Professor of Education at the University of Stirling. Prior to retirement in 2010 he held professorships at the universities of Aberdeen, Strathclyde and West of Scotland. Donald Gillies is Dean of the School of Education at the University of the West of Scotland. Prior to that he was Professor of Education Policy at York St John University. He is the compiler of A Brief Critical Dictionary of Education, a free online resource available at www.dictionaryofeducation.co.uk. Aileen Kennedy is Senior Lecturer in Education and Programme Director for the MSc in Transformative Learning and Teaching at the University of Edinburgh.

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• Notes on ContributorsPart I: AN OVERVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND1. Scottish Education 5: its nature, purpose and structureTom Bryce and Walter Humes2. Educational provision: an overviewIan Smith3. Scottish primary educationClaire Cassidy4. Scottish secondary educationTom Bryce and Walter Humes5. The independent sector John Edward6. Scottish further education Patrick O’Donnell and Mark Murphy7. Scottish higher educationWalter Humes8. Policy and politics in Scottish educationDonald GilliesPart II. THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT OF SCOTTISH EDUCATION9. Historical perspectivesRobert Anderson10. The history of Scottish education since devolution Donald Gillies11. The distinctiveness of Scottish educationWalter Humes and Tom Bryce12. Poverty, class and inter-generational disadvantageEdward Sosu13. Catholic education in ScotlandStephen McKinney14. ‘Progressive’ schools and home educationAndrew PylePart III. GOVERNANCE AND DIRECTION IN SCOTTISH EDUCATION15. Education and the lawJanys Scott QC16. Central government and the administration of Scottish educationMorag Redford17. Local governance in Scottish educationBrian McGinley18. National and local curriculum supportDerek Brown19. School inspection and school improvementDouglas Hutchison20. The parent dimension in educationEileen PriorPart IV. MANAGEMENT, ORGANISATION AND LEARNING IN SCHOOLS21. Childcare and early educationChristine Stephen22. Early SchoolingDeirdre Grogan and Joan Martlew23. Learning in Scottish primary and secondary schoolsTom Bryce24. Leadership, management and organisation in the primary schoolDeirdre Torrance25. Discipline, behaviour and ethos in primary schoolsJackie Ravet26. Transitions from early years to primary and primary to secondary Divya Jindal-Snape27. Leadership, management and organisation in the secondary schoolDanny Murphy28. Personal support (Guidance)Claire Wallace29. Ethos and behaviour in secondary schoolsRaymond SoltysekPart V. CURRICULUM: EARLY YEARS AND PRIMARY30. Expressive ArtsCharlie Byrne31. Literacy and EnglishSue Ellis32. MathematicsSusan McLarty and Ruth Forrester33. Modern LanguagesHazel Crichton34. Physical EducationNicola Carse and Mike Jess35. Religious (and Moral) EducationYonah Matemba36. ScienceStephen Day and Andrew Killen37. Social StudiesJuliet Hancock, Lynne Robertson and Anne Robertson38. TechnologiesSusan McLarenPart VI. CURRICULUM: SECONDARY39. Art and Design Diarmuid McAuliffe40. BiologyStephen Day41. Business EducationJackie White42. ChemistryMargaret Ritchie 43. Computing ScienceVic Lally and Peter Donaldson44. Design and TechnologyDavid Morrison-Love45. Drama Will Barlow46. English and Literacy Hugh Gallagher and Linda Harris47. Geography Ashley Fenwick48. History Joe Smith49. Home Economics Agnes Macintosh50. Mathematics Ian Hulse and John Winter51. Modern Foreign Languages Do Coyle52. Modern Studies Sarah Proctor53. Music Alan Hewitt and Andrew Dickie 54. Physical Education and SportShirley Gray and Andrew Horrell55. PhysicsMorag Findlay56. Religious and Moral EducationLeonardo Franchi and Leon Robinson57. Social Sciences John GouldPart VII. CROSS-SECTORAL AND INTER-DISCIPLINARY ISSUES58. Literacy across learningLinda Harris and Hugh Gallagher59. Numeracy across learningTom Macintyre60. Digital education in schoolsJudy Robertson61. Health and wellbeingJennifer Spratt62. Citizenship educationAlan Britton63. Outdoor learningPeter Higgins and Robbie Nicol64. Children’s rightsJohn I’Anson65. Learning for sustainabilityPeter Higgins and Beth Christie66. The Scots language in educationAnne Donovan and Liz Niven67. Gaelic education Boyd RobertsonPart VIII. ASSESSMENT, CERTIFICATION AND ACHIEVEMENTS68. Assessment in Scottish schoolsTom Bryce69. The Scottish Qualifications AuthorityTom Bryce and Walter Humes70. SQA findings on Scottish attainmentsJames Morgan71. The national improvement framework and the return of national testingChris McIlroy Part IX. FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION72. Knowledge, skills and pathways in Further EducationGary Husband73. Teaching and Learning in FE and HEVelda McCune74. Higher Education in turbulent timesTerry Brotherstone and Murdo Mathison75. Access, progression and retention in FE and HECristina Iannelli76. From adult education to lifelong learningJanis DavidsonPart X. SCOTTISH SOCIETY: EDUCATION FOR ALL?77. Inclusion for all? Lisa McAuliffe78. Additional support needsLio Moscardini79. Psychological services and their impact Tommy MacKay80. The ‘People’ People: The many roles and professional relationships of Social WorkersIan Milligan81. Community Education and Community Learning and DevelopmentDavid Wallace and Annette Coburn82. Multi-agency workingJoan Forbes83. Disaffection with schoolingGeorge Head84. Educating migrant and refugee pupilsDaniela Sime85. Gender and Scottish educationSheila Riddell and Elizabet Weedon86. Addressing LGBTI issues in Scotland’s schoolsIan Rivers87. ‘Race’ equality in Scottish educationRowena Arshad88. Religious intolerance: sectarianismStephen J. McKinneyPart XI. TEACHERS AND TEACHER EDUCATION 89. Scottish teachers: then and nowAileen Kennedy90. Initial teacher education in ScotlandAnn MacDonald and Ann Rae91. Teacher professional learningAileen Kennedy and Anna Beck92. Teacher leadershipMargery McMahon93. Teachers’ professional organisationsLarry Flanagan94. The General Teaching Council for Scotland as an independent body – but for how long?Tom Hamilton95. Researching education in ScotlandLaura Colucci-Gray and Kirsten Darling-McQuistanPart XII. LOOKING FORWARD: THE FUTURE OF EDUCATION IN SCOTLAND96. Curriculum reform: progress, tensions and possibilitiesMark Priestley97. A pupil’s experience of Scottish educationJonathan Tevendale98. An alternative vocational pathway: a model for the futureIain White 99. A journalist’s perspective on the future of Scottish education Henry Hepburn100. The direction of post-school education in ScotlandJean Barr101. The future of (Scottish) education: an international perspectiveTrevor Gale and Stephen Parker102. The funding of Scottish education: recent experiences and future prospectsDavid Bell103. The future of Scottish educationThe Editors