Edwin C. May, Ph.D. (Nuclear Physics), is a leading figure in anomalous cognition research, and has authored more than 500 research and technical papers in this area. He was with the U.S. government’s psi research program, Star Gate, from late 1975 to 1995, and was the research director from 1985 to 1995, at SRI International and SAIC. He is the president of the Laboratories for Fundamental Research in Palo Alto, California. Sonali Bhatt Marwaha, Ph.D. (Psychology), is a research associate with the Laboratories for Fundamental Research. Her interests include a synthesis of the cognitive sciences and anomalous cognition research which can lead to theoretical developments in the field. She lives in India.

• Table of ContentsForeword by William S. CohenForeword by Richard S. BroughtonPreface by Edwin C. MayPsychokinesis Research in the Star Gate Program: An Introduction delete deleteEdwin C. May and Sonali Bhatt Marwaha▪ Soviet Parapsychology ◊ Psychokinesis Research in the Soviet Union ▪ Causal Psi (Psychokinesis) Research in the Star Gate Program ◊ Protocol Problems in PK Experiments ◊ Causal Psi Research at SRI ◊ Research in ­Micro-PK ◊ Research in ­Bio-PK ▪ Foreign Assessment ▪ Concluding Remarks ◊ Conclusions from the Psycho­kinesis Research Effort ◊ Conclusions from the Remote Viewing Research Effort ◊ The Post–Star GatePsychokinesis on Physical Systems1975 (Proposal)—Magnetometer Stability Studies—Proposal delete deleteHarold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ◊ ­Shielded-Magnetometer Observation (Pilot Experiment) ◊ Experiments with Superconducting Differential Magnetometer (Gradiometer) ▪ Proposed Program ◊ Objective ◊ Statement of Work1975 (Experiment)—Identification of the Nature of Paranormal Phenomena and Energy delete deleteHarold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ▪ Experiments with Physical Apparatus ◊ Experiments with Geiger Counter ◊ Experiments with ­Laser-Monitored Torsion Pendulum ◊ Experiments with Superconducting Differential Magnetometer (Gradiometer) ◊ Discussion of Physical Perturbation EffectsAnnex: Universal Randomization Protocol1979 (Protocol)—Proposed Grill Flame Protocol: Task II—Proposed SRI International Protocol for Research On Remote Perturbation Techniques delete deleteEdwin C. May, Harold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ▪ Introduction ◊ General ◊ Early Demonstrations with Ingo Swann ◊ Database for RNG Experiments ◊ Scientific Merits ◊ Technical Application ▪ Experiments ◊ General ◊ Assumptions ◊ Independent Variables ◊ Dependent Variables ◊ Hardware ▪ Participants ◊ Selection Criteria ◊ Payment Criteria ◊ Experiment Duration ◊ Number of Participants ◊ Volunteer Consent Form ◊ Medical Facilities ◊ Debriefing Schedule ▪ Investigation Analysis Criteria ▪ Environment1980 (Hardware Construction)—Phase I Hardware Construction and System Evaluation delete deleteEdwin C. May and G. Scott Hubbard▪ Abstract ▪ Executive Summary ◊ General ◊ System Description ◊ System Testing ◊ System Isolation and Interference Protection ◊ Results ▪ System Description ◊ Sources ◊ Analysis and Control ◊ Display ▪ Subsystem Testing ◊ Noise Diode RNG ◊ β-Decay RNG ◊ Computer Pseudorandom Generator ▪ System Analysis ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: Technical Construction Details of Random Sources◊ Introduction ◊ Noise Diode Source ◊ Electron Noise Source ◊ Power System ◊ Packaging ◊ Data Receiver UnitAnnex B: Technical Details of Special Interface Board▪ Introduction ◊ Functional Description1980 (Experiment)—Electronic System Perturbation Techniques delete deleteEdwin C. May, Beverly S. Humphrey and G. Scott Hubbard▪ Objective ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Random Number Generator System ◊ Hardware ◊ System Testing ◊ System Isolation and Interference Protection ◊ System Certification Testing Results ▪ Experiment Protocol ◊ Definitions ◊ Data Acquisition Session Description ◊ Controls ◊ Test Requirements ◊ Records ◊ Trial Invalidation Requirements ◊ General Considerations ▪ Results ◊ Pilot Phase ◊ Global Control Runs ◊ Formal Phase ▪ DiscussionAnnex: Chronological Literature Survey of RNG Experiments (1970–1979)1982 (Review)—Countermeasures: A Survey and Evaluation delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Edwin C. May▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ▪ Literature Survey and Evaluation ▪ Theoretical Considerations for Psychoenergetic Intrusion ▪ Recommendations ▪ Bibliography by Category1982 (Theoretical)—A Hardware Approach Toward Replicability delete deleteEdwin C. May1983 (Theoretical)—Psychokinetic Research at SRI delete deleteEdwin C. May 1985 (Meta-analysis)—Psi Experiments with Random Number Generators: ­Meta-Analysis Part 1 delete deleteDean I. Radin, Edwin C. May and Martha J. Thomson▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Background: On the Scent of a Trail ▪ Overview of a Typical RNG Experiment ▪ Procedure ◊ Source of References ◊ Defining an Experiment ◊ Results of Literature Review ▪ Addressing Criticisms of the Data ▪ Quality Analysis: A Proposal ◊ Explanation of RNG Weighting Criteria ◊ Method of Calculating ­Quality-Weighted Analysis ◊ Weighting the File Drawer Estimate ◊ Defining Experiments in the Quality Analysis ▪ Conclusion1985 (Model)—Psi Experiments with Random Number Generators: An Informational Model / Sensor Disruption Model delete deleteEdwin C. May, Dean Radin, G. Scott Hubbard, Beverly S. Humphrey and Jessica M. Utts▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Theoretical Considerations—Null Hypothesis ▪ Theoretical Considerations—Causal Psi Model (PK) ◊ Shift of the Mean ◊ Shift in Variance ▪ Theoretical Considerations—An Informational Model ▪ The Data ▪ Comparison of Models with the Data ◊ PK Shift of the Mean ◊ PK Shift of the Variance ◊ ∝ = −0.5 (Mean Shift) and (β = 0.0 (Variance Shift) ◊ Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) ▪ Discussion ▪ Conclusions and Recommendations1986 (Model)—Intuitive Data Sorting: An Informational Model of Psychoenergetic Functioning delete deleteEdwin C. May▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ A Conceptual Thought Experiment ◊ A Practical Thought Experiment ▪ Background ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Theoretical Considerations ◊ The SRI Pseudorandom Data ◊ The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Data ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ The PRNG Experiment Results ◊ The PEAR Results ▪ Conclusions and RecommendationsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment)—Intuitive Data Sorting delete deleteJessica M. Utts, Edwin C. May and Thane J. Frivold▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction and Background ◊ The IDS Theory ◊ IDS Experiments at SRI International ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Details of Computer Program ◊ Selection and Testing of Subjects ◊ Analysis ▪ Results and ConclusionsAnnex A: Statistics TablesScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Experiment)—An RNG Experiment to Test the Effects of Source and Distance delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Edward F. Storm▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ General Description ◊ Specific Experiment ◊ Overall Hypothesis and Analysis ◊ Communications Protocol ▪ Results and DiscussionAnnex: Investigation of Psychoenergetic Distance Effects Obtained from Noise Sources with Different Characteristics delete deleteEdward F. Storm and Robert L. Morris▪ Introduction ▪ Experimental Design and Design Goals ▪ Hardware Design and Construction ▪ Software DocumentationScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Hardware Construction)—Single α-Particle Experimental Hardware delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard◊ Radioactive Source ◊ Radiation Detector ◊ Data Acquisition and Signal Processing ◊ Environmental Considerations1987 (Protocol)—Initial Protocol for Remote Action Interactions with α-Particles delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hardware Considerations ◊ Participant Selection ◊ Data Collection ▪ Discussion1986 (Experiment—Subcontract)—An Experiment to Examine the Possible Existence of Remote Action Effects in Piezoelectric Strain Gauges delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Julian D. Isaacs▪ Abstract ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Participant Selection and Training ◊ Hypotheses and Variables ◊ Hardware Construction ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Individual Results ◊ Control Trials ◊ Possible Sources of Experimental Artifact ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: Strain Gauge Remote Action Screening Device delete deleteSteven M. Ohriner▪ General Description ◊ Strain Gauge Sensor and Preamplifier ◊ Processing Display Unit ◊ PerformanceAnnex B: Engineering Considerations and Construction Details ofPiezoelectric Sensor System delete deletePhilip B. Bentley◊ Background ◊ Sensor Type ◊ Signal Amplification ◊ Environmental Isolation ◊ Mechanical Vibration ◊ Acoustic Vibration ◊ ­Heat-Induced Variations ◊ Electromagnetic IsolationAnnex C: The Remote Action Project JFK Final Report: 1986 Remote Action Research Activities delete deleteJulian J. Issacs▪ Introduction ▪ Population Screening ◊ Screening Methodology ◊ The Screenings ◊ Criteria for Participant Selection ◊ Results of Screenings ◊ Participant Recruitment by Contacts ◊ Conclusions Regarding Selection ▪ Remote Action Training Sessions ◊ Training Sessions with Modified Screening Device ◊ Training Sessions with ­Twenty-Tone Device ◊ Training Sessions with Evaluation Device ◊ Criteria for Continuance of Training ◊ Overall Session Results ▪ Instrumental Design ◊ Psychological Requirements ◊ Recommended Evaluation Device Modifications ◊ Screening Device (SD) Characteristics ▪ Conclusions and SuggestionsAnnex D: Remote Action Project Participant Information FormAnnex E: The JFK Committee for the Protection of Human SubjectsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment—Subcontract)—A Remote Action Experiment with a Piezoelectric Transducer delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard, Philip P. Bentley, Patrice K. Pasturel and Julian J. Isaacs▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The 1986 Pilot RA Experiment ◊ Event Definition ◊ Experimental Protocol ◊ Results ▪ The 1987 RA Experiment ◊ Modifications to the 1986 Experiment ◊ Design and Construction of the Laboratory Apparatus ◊ Experimental Protocol ▪ Results and Discussion of the 1987 Experiment ◊ Primary Data Analysis ◊ Environmental Exclusion ◊ Cumulative Data Record ◊ PZT Signal Analysis ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: John F. Kennedy University Final Report 1987: Remote Action Research Activities delete deleteJulian J. Isaacs▪ Introduction ◊ Trainee Selection and Recruitment ◊ Instrumentation: Modifications for 1987 Research ◊ Control Runs: Introduction ◊ Training Sessions: Preliminary Orientation of Participants ◊ Overall Training Results ◊ SRI Evaluation Sessions: Motivational and Inhibitory Factors ◊ Instrumental Considerations ◊ Conclusions and RecommendationsAnnex B: PZT Experiment System Description and Testing▪ Design and Construction of the Laboratory Apparatus ▪ Transducer Susceptibilities ▪ Environmental MonitoringScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Hardware Construction)—Remote Action Hardware Construction: A Quantum Mechanical Photon Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ▪ Method of Approach ▪ Conclusions and RecommendationsAnnex: Interference of Independent Photon Beams: An Experiment to Replicate the ­Pfleegor-Mandel Results and to Test Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics delete deleteEvan Harris Walker▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The Experiment ▪ ConclusionsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment)—A Quantum Measurement Experiment with a Single Photon Interferometer delete deleteEdwin C. May. S.J.P. Spottiswoode, Tom Piantanida and Evan Harris Walker▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Background ◊ Experiment Outline ▪ Summary of Results and DiscussionAnnex 1: Scientific Oversight Committee ReviewsAnnex 2: Testing Schrödinger’s Paradox with a Michelson Interferometer delete deleteEdwin C. May. S.J.P. Spottiswoode, Tom Piantanida and Evan Harris Walker▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The Cat and the Correlation of States ▪ Michelson Interferometer ▪ Michelson Interferometer with Fixed Setting AO Cells ▪ Michelson Interferometer Test of the Schrödinger Paradox ▪ Representation of the Photon ▪ The Apparatus ▪ Test Runs ▪ Experimental Results ▪ Conclusions1989 (Meta-analysis)—Review of the Psychoenergetic Research Conducted at SRI International (1973–1988) delete deleteEdwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts, Virginia V. Trask, Wanda W. Luke, Thane J. Frivold and Beverley S. Humphrey▪ Objective ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊Analysis of Domain ◊ Database Management System ◊ Statistical Methods ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Overall Results ◊ Results for Categories within the Informational Process ◊ Specific Results for Remote ViewingAnnex: Coding Sheets and Instructions for the ­Meta-Analysis1993 (Protocol)—Anomalous Perturbation Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May▪ Objective ▪ Background ◊ Historical Database ◊ Discussion ▪ Approach ◊ Protocol for a Pilot Study ◊ Analyses ▪ Conclusions1994 (Protocol)—Replication of a Russian Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke, Christine L. James and S.J.P. Spottiswoode▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ◊ Background ◊ Detector Design ◊ Film Measurement and Data Analysis ◊ Gratings ◊ Experimental ProgramPsychokinesis on Biological Systems1985 (Experiment)—Bacterial Mutation Study delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey and Edwin C. May▪ Executive Summary ▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ▪ Methods of Approach ◊ Definition of Terms ◊ Biological Background ◊ Experimental Design ◊ Protocols ▪ Results and Discussion ▪ Suggestions for Future Studies ◊ The Role of Feedback ◊ Screening Criteria and Presentation of Psychoenergetic Task ◊ Biological Protocols ◊ Future Experiments with Other Biological SystemsAnnex: Biological Materials1986 (Experiment—Subcontract)—An Experiment to Test Apparent Remote Action Effects on Electrodermal Activity delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and William W. Braud▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ▪ Results and Discussion ▪ Conclusions and RecommendationsAnnex A: Possible Role of Intuitive Data Sorting in Biological Psychokinesis: A Pilot Study delete deleteWilliam W. Braud and Marilyn Schlitz▪ Introduction ▪ Method ◊ Subjects ◊ Apparatus ▪ Procedure ▪ Results of the Pilot Experiment ▪ DiscussionAnnex B: Possible Role of Intuitive Data Sorting in Biological Psychokinesis:Confirmation Experiment delete deleteWilliam W. Braud and Marilyn Schlitz▪ Introduction ▪ Method ◊ Subjects ◊ Apparatus ▪ Procedure ▪ Results of the Confirmation Experiment ▪ DiscussionScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Measuring Remote Action Influence on the Vertical Component of Dunaliella Velocity delete deleteEdwin C. May, Beverly S. Humphrey and C.M. Pleass▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Remote Action ◊ Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hardware ◊ Statistics ▪ Results and Recommendations ◊ Protocol ◊ Statistics ◊ IDS Considerations ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: Bio Laser Doppler Consciousness Research delete deleteC.M. Pleass▪ Baseline Data ▪ Protocol for an IDS Experiment ▪ Statistical Processing ▪ Participant Pool Characteristics ▪ Communication with SRI ▪ Microbiology ▪ ConclusionAnnex B: Behavioral Response of Microorganisms to Psi Stimulus Part II: Statistical Analyses of Data from Dunaliella delete deleteC.M. Pleass and N. Dean Dey▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Results ▪ Discussion ▪ Conclusion Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment—Subcontract)—A Remote Action Investigation with Marine Animals delete deleteEdwin C. May and C.M. Pleass▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Review of the University of Delaware Remote Action Project ◊ Toward Increased Data Stability ◊ Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis ◊ Results ◊ DiscussionAnnex: Evaluation of the Theory of Intuitive Data Sorting, and Its ApplicationBio Laser Doppler Data Generated By Marine Microorganisms delete deleteC.M. Pleass▪ Format for the Experiments ▪ Discussion of the Experimental Format ▪ Results ▪ ConclusionsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Experimental Protocol for Hemolysis: Confirmation Experiment delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard, Jessica M. Utts and William W. Braud▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Background ◊ Overview ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Methodology ◊ Analysis ◊ Simulation of RA with Salinity Data ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ ANOVA Results ◊ RA versus IDS ResultsAnnex: Remote Influence of Hemolysis Rate: A Confirmation Study delete deleteWilliam W. Braud▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Summary of the Pilot Phase ◊ Summary of the Intermediate Phase of Salinity Tests ◊ Overview of the Confirmation Study ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Subjects ◊ Procedure ▪ Results ▪ DiscussionScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1993 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Autonomic Detection of Remote Observation Experiment delete deleteMarilyn Schlitz and Stephen LaBerge▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Research Predictions ▪ Methods ◊ Apparatus ◊ Assessments ◊ Subjects ◊ Experimental Procedure ▪ Discussion and ConclusionsAnnex A: Application for ParticipationAnnex B: NEO Personality Inventory—OverviewAnnex C: Social Avoidance and Distress Scale—Overview delete deleteDavid Watson and Ronald FriendAnnex D: Consent Form—Consent to Participate in a Proposed Study of Physiological Effects of Remote Observation1994 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Autonomic Detection of Remote Observation: Two Conceptual Replications delete deleteMarilyn J. Schlitz and Stephen LaBerge▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Methods ◊ Apparatus ◊ Assessments ◊ Subjects ◊ Experimental Procedure ▪ Results ◊ Alternative Hypotheses ▪ Conclusions1995 (Model)—Decision Augmentation Theory: Toward a Model of Anomalous Mental Phenomena delete deleteEdwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts and S. James P. Spottiswoode▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ◊ Brief Review of Models ◊ Historical Evolution of Decision Augmentation ▪ Decision Augmentation Theory—A General Description ◊ Development of a Formal Model ◊ General Considerations and Definitions ◊ Assumptions for DAT ◊ Calculation of the Expected Value and Variance of Z2 ◊ Retrospective Tests ◊ Prospective Tests ◊ Stouffer’s Z Tests ▪ Discussion ▪ Mathematical Derivations for the Decision Augmentation Theory ◊ Mean Chance Expectation ◊ ­Force-Like Interactions ◊ Informational Process1995 (Model)—Applications of Decision Augmentation Theory delete deleteEdwin C. May, S James P. Spottiswoode and Jessica M. Utts▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Review of Decision Augmentation Theory ▪ Review of an Influence Model ◊ Monte Carlo Verification ▪ Historical Binary RNG Database ▪ Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory RNG Data ▪ A Prospective Test of DAT ▪ The Literature: Review and Comment ◊ Walker—September 1987 ◊ Bierman—1988 ◊ Braud and Schlitz—1989 ◊ Vassy—1990 ◊ Braud—1990 ◊ Dobyns—1993 ▪ Circumstantial Evidence Against an AP Model for RNG Data ◊ Internal Complexity of RNG Devices and Source Independence ◊ Effects with ­Pseudo-RNGs ◊ Precognitive AC ◊ SRI International’s RNG Experiment ◊ Mathematical Model of the Noise Diode ◊ Summary of Circumstantial Evidence Against AP ▪ Discussion and ConclusionsPsi Research: Foreign Assessment1972 (Review)—Controlled Offensive Behavior—USSR. Part II: Parapsychology in the Soviet Union delete deleteCapt. John D. LaMothe▪ Preface ▪ Summary ▪ Part II: Parapsychology in the Soviet Union ◊ Section I: Background ◊ Section II: Significance of Parapsychology in the USSR ◊ Section III: The Apport Technique ◊ Section IV: ESP and Psychokinesis ◊ Section V: Summary and Military Implications ▪ Appendix I: Personnel and Institutes Parapsychology—USSR ◊ Part A. Affiliation Known ◊ Part B—Affiliation Unknown (1972) ▪ Appendix II: Future Trends ▪ Bibliography1981 (Review)—Review of the Psychoenergetics Research Organization in the Soviet Union (1960 to 1980) delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey and Gary Langford▪ Preface ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Soviet Planning and Research Organization ◊ Council of Ministers ◊ State Committee for Science and Technolgoy (GKNT) ◊ Academy of Sciences ◊ Scientific Problem Councils ◊ Scientific Professional Societies ▪ Soviet Psychoenergetics Research ◊ Early Indications of Government Interest in Psychoenergetics ◊ Soviet Psychoenergetics Research from 1975 to 1980 ▪ ConclusionsAnnex: A: ­Time-Line Plot of Major ActivitiesAnnex B: The A. S. Popov Society for Radioengineering, Electronics, and Communication1982 (Review)—Psychoenergetics Research in the People’s Republic of China delete deleteHarold E. Puthoff▪ Abstract ▪ Background and Overview ◊ Chronology of Major Events ◊ Official Policy ▪ East-West Exchange ◊ China Psychoenergetics Tour—Introduction ◊ Institute of High Energy Physics (Beijing) ◊ Shanghai Meeting with Editorial Staff of Chinese Journal of Nature (‘Ziran Zazhi’) ◊ PRC Representation at Cambridge Conference ▪ Assessment and Conclusions ◊ Assessment ◊ ConclusionsAnnex C: Partial Bibliography on Chinese Work on EHBF1983 (Review)—Free World Psychoenergetics Research Survey delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey and Edwin C. May▪ Introduction ▪ Methodology ◊ Article Selection Criteria ◊ Keyword System Development ◊ Keyword System Application ▪ Data1993 (Review)—Travel Report: The Third National Scientific Meeting of the Chinese Society of Somatic Science (CSSS), Beijing, China delete deleteWanda L.W. Luke and Edwin C. May▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Travel Report ◊ Initial Contact ◊ Conference Attendance ◊ Opening Remarks and Welcome ◊ Presented Papers ◊ Meetings ▪ Socio-Cultural Perspective ◊ Somatic Science ◊ Need for ­Socio-Historical Perspective ◊ Caveat ◊ ­Socio-Cultural Influences on Chinese Science ▪ Discussions and Conclusions 1993 (Review)—Anomalous Phenomenological Research: Current Status in Russia delete deleteEdwin C. May and Laura V. Faith▪ Abstract ▪ Anomalous Perturbation (AP) ◊ “Distant Influence” on Physical Systems ◊ Anomalous Perturbation on Biological Systems ◊ Conclusions ▪ Review of EMF Effects ◊ ELF Biological Effects ◊ Biological Effects of Centimeter Waves ◊ EHF Biological Effects ◊ Neurophysiological Studies of ELF and EHF Effects in Humans ▪ Novel Waves and Particles ◊ Longitudinal Electromagnetic Waves ◊ Exotic Particles ◊ Torsion Fields1994 (Review)—Anomalous Mental Phenomena Research in Russia and the Former Soviet Union: A ­Follow-Up delete deleteLarissa Vilenskaya and Edwin C. May▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ “Distant Influence” on Physical Systems ◊ Introduction ◊ Optical Methods for the Study of AP Phenomena ◊ AP Effects on Analytical Balance ◊ Effect on the Acidity of Water ◊ Systems with Multiple Physical Sensors ▪ “Distant Influence” on Biological Systems ◊ Introduction ◊ Experiments with Tissue Cultures ◊ New Experiments on Distant Effect on Mice ◊ AP on Behavior of Laboratory Animals ◊ Biochemical Changes in Laboratory Animals as AP Targets ◊ Morphological Changes in Animals as AP Targets ◊ Human Physiology as AP Targets ◊ Human Performance as AP Targets ▪ Discussions and ConclusionsAppendicesI: Anomalous Mental Phenomena ProcessesII: Anomalous Mental Phenomena Research OverviewIII: Star Gate Oversight CommitteesIV: Sample Statement of WorkV: Star Gate Funding (1972–1995)VI: List of SubcontractsVII: Star Gate Archives StatisticsVIII: Comprehensive Bibliography of SRI and SAIC Reports on the Star Gate ProgramIX: SRI and SAIC PersonnelList of AbbreviationsGlossaryAuthor IndexSubject Index

Edwin C. May, Ph.D. (Nuclear Physics), is a leading figure in anomalous cognition research, and has authored more than 500 research and technical papers in this area. He was with the U.S. government’s psi research program, Star Gate, from late 1975 to 1995, and was the research director from 1985 to 1995, at SRI International and SAIC. He is the president of the Laboratories for Fundamental Research in Palo Alto, California. Sonali Bhatt Marwaha, Ph.D. (Psychology), is a research associate with the Laboratories for Fundamental Research. Her interests include a synthesis of the cognitive sciences and anomalous cognition research which can lead to theoretical developments in the field. She lives in India.

• Table of ContentsForeword by William S. CohenForeword by Richard S. BroughtonPreface by Edwin C. MayPsychokinesis Research in the Star Gate Program: An Introduction delete deleteEdwin C. May and Sonali Bhatt Marwaha▪ Soviet Parapsychology ◊ Psychokinesis Research in the Soviet Union ▪ Causal Psi (Psychokinesis) Research in the Star Gate Program ◊ Protocol Problems in PK Experiments ◊ Causal Psi Research at SRI ◊ Research in ­Micro-PK ◊ Research in ­Bio-PK ▪ Foreign Assessment ▪ Concluding Remarks ◊ Conclusions from the Psycho­kinesis Research Effort ◊ Conclusions from the Remote Viewing Research Effort ◊ The Post–Star GatePsychokinesis on Physical Systems1975 (Proposal)—Magnetometer Stability Studies—Proposal delete deleteHarold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ◊ ­Shielded-Magnetometer Observation (Pilot Experiment) ◊ Experiments with Superconducting Differential Magnetometer (Gradiometer) ▪ Proposed Program ◊ Objective ◊ Statement of Work1975 (Experiment)—Identification of the Nature of Paranormal Phenomena and Energy delete deleteHarold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ▪ Experiments with Physical Apparatus ◊ Experiments with Geiger Counter ◊ Experiments with ­Laser-Monitored Torsion Pendulum ◊ Experiments with Superconducting Differential Magnetometer (Gradiometer) ◊ Discussion of Physical Perturbation EffectsAnnex: Universal Randomization Protocol1979 (Protocol)—Proposed Grill Flame Protocol: Task II—Proposed SRI International Protocol for Research On Remote Perturbation Techniques delete deleteEdwin C. May, Harold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ▪ Introduction ◊ General ◊ Early Demonstrations with Ingo Swann ◊ Database for RNG Experiments ◊ Scientific Merits ◊ Technical Application ▪ Experiments ◊ General ◊ Assumptions ◊ Independent Variables ◊ Dependent Variables ◊ Hardware ▪ Participants ◊ Selection Criteria ◊ Payment Criteria ◊ Experiment Duration ◊ Number of Participants ◊ Volunteer Consent Form ◊ Medical Facilities ◊ Debriefing Schedule ▪ Investigation Analysis Criteria ▪ Environment1980 (Hardware Construction)—Phase I Hardware Construction and System Evaluation delete deleteEdwin C. May and G. Scott Hubbard▪ Abstract ▪ Executive Summary ◊ General ◊ System Description ◊ System Testing ◊ System Isolation and Interference Protection ◊ Results ▪ System Description ◊ Sources ◊ Analysis and Control ◊ Display ▪ Subsystem Testing ◊ Noise Diode RNG ◊ β-Decay RNG ◊ Computer Pseudorandom Generator ▪ System Analysis ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: Technical Construction Details of Random Sources◊ Introduction ◊ Noise Diode Source ◊ Electron Noise Source ◊ Power System ◊ Packaging ◊ Data Receiver UnitAnnex B: Technical Details of Special Interface Board▪ Introduction ◊ Functional Description1980 (Experiment)—Electronic System Perturbation Techniques delete deleteEdwin C. May, Beverly S. Humphrey and G. Scott Hubbard▪ Objective ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Random Number Generator System ◊ Hardware ◊ System Testing ◊ System Isolation and Interference Protection ◊ System Certification Testing Results ▪ Experiment Protocol ◊ Definitions ◊ Data Acquisition Session Description ◊ Controls ◊ Test Requirements ◊ Records ◊ Trial Invalidation Requirements ◊ General Considerations ▪ Results ◊ Pilot Phase ◊ Global Control Runs ◊ Formal Phase ▪ DiscussionAnnex: Chronological Literature Survey of RNG Experiments (1970–1979)1982 (Review)—Countermeasures: A Survey and Evaluation delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Edwin C. May▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ▪ Literature Survey and Evaluation ▪ Theoretical Considerations for Psychoenergetic Intrusion ▪ Recommendations ▪ Bibliography by Category1982 (Theoretical)—A Hardware Approach Toward Replicability delete deleteEdwin C. May1983 (Theoretical)—Psychokinetic Research at SRI delete deleteEdwin C. May 1985 (Meta-analysis)—Psi Experiments with Random Number Generators: ­Meta-Analysis Part 1 delete deleteDean I. Radin, Edwin C. May and Martha J. Thomson▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Background: On the Scent of a Trail ▪ Overview of a Typical RNG Experiment ▪ Procedure ◊ Source of References ◊ Defining an Experiment ◊ Results of Literature Review ▪ Addressing Criticisms of the Data ▪ Quality Analysis: A Proposal ◊ Explanation of RNG Weighting Criteria ◊ Method of Calculating ­Quality-Weighted Analysis ◊ Weighting the File Drawer Estimate ◊ Defining Experiments in the Quality Analysis ▪ Conclusion1985 (Model)—Psi Experiments with Random Number Generators: An Informational Model / Sensor Disruption Model delete deleteEdwin C. May, Dean Radin, G. Scott Hubbard, Beverly S. Humphrey and Jessica M. Utts▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Theoretical Considerations—Null Hypothesis ▪ Theoretical Considerations—Causal Psi Model (PK) ◊ Shift of the Mean ◊ Shift in Variance ▪ Theoretical Considerations—An Informational Model ▪ The Data ▪ Comparison of Models with the Data ◊ PK Shift of the Mean ◊ PK Shift of the Variance ◊ ∝ = −0.5 (Mean Shift) and (β = 0.0 (Variance Shift) ◊ Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) ▪ Discussion ▪ Conclusions and Recommendations1986 (Model)—Intuitive Data Sorting: An Informational Model of Psychoenergetic Functioning delete deleteEdwin C. May▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ A Conceptual Thought Experiment ◊ A Practical Thought Experiment ▪ Background ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Theoretical Considerations ◊ The SRI Pseudorandom Data ◊ The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Data ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ The PRNG Experiment Results ◊ The PEAR Results ▪ Conclusions and RecommendationsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment)—Intuitive Data Sorting delete deleteJessica M. Utts, Edwin C. May and Thane J. Frivold▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction and Background ◊ The IDS Theory ◊ IDS Experiments at SRI International ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Details of Computer Program ◊ Selection and Testing of Subjects ◊ Analysis ▪ Results and ConclusionsAnnex A: Statistics TablesScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Experiment)—An RNG Experiment to Test the Effects of Source and Distance delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Edward F. Storm▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ General Description ◊ Specific Experiment ◊ Overall Hypothesis and Analysis ◊ Communications Protocol ▪ Results and DiscussionAnnex: Investigation of Psychoenergetic Distance Effects Obtained from Noise Sources with Different Characteristics delete deleteEdward F. Storm and Robert L. Morris▪ Introduction ▪ Experimental Design and Design Goals ▪ Hardware Design and Construction ▪ Software DocumentationScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Hardware Construction)—Single α-Particle Experimental Hardware delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard◊ Radioactive Source ◊ Radiation Detector ◊ Data Acquisition and Signal Processing ◊ Environmental Considerations1987 (Protocol)—Initial Protocol for Remote Action Interactions with α-Particles delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hardware Considerations ◊ Participant Selection ◊ Data Collection ▪ Discussion1986 (Experiment—Subcontract)—An Experiment to Examine the Possible Existence of Remote Action Effects in Piezoelectric Strain Gauges delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Julian D. Isaacs▪ Abstract ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Participant Selection and Training ◊ Hypotheses and Variables ◊ Hardware Construction ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Individual Results ◊ Control Trials ◊ Possible Sources of Experimental Artifact ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: Strain Gauge Remote Action Screening Device delete deleteSteven M. Ohriner▪ General Description ◊ Strain Gauge Sensor and Preamplifier ◊ Processing Display Unit ◊ PerformanceAnnex B: Engineering Considerations and Construction Details ofPiezoelectric Sensor System delete deletePhilip B. Bentley◊ Background ◊ Sensor Type ◊ Signal Amplification ◊ Environmental Isolation ◊ Mechanical Vibration ◊ Acoustic Vibration ◊ ­Heat-Induced Variations ◊ Electromagnetic IsolationAnnex C: The Remote Action Project JFK Final Report: 1986 Remote Action Research Activities delete deleteJulian J. Issacs▪ Introduction ▪ Population Screening ◊ Screening Methodology ◊ The Screenings ◊ Criteria for Participant Selection ◊ Results of Screenings ◊ Participant Recruitment by Contacts ◊ Conclusions Regarding Selection ▪ Remote Action Training Sessions ◊ Training Sessions with Modified Screening Device ◊ Training Sessions with ­Twenty-Tone Device ◊ Training Sessions with Evaluation Device ◊ Criteria for Continuance of Training ◊ Overall Session Results ▪ Instrumental Design ◊ Psychological Requirements ◊ Recommended Evaluation Device Modifications ◊ Screening Device (SD) Characteristics ▪ Conclusions and SuggestionsAnnex D: Remote Action Project Participant Information FormAnnex E: The JFK Committee for the Protection of Human SubjectsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment—Subcontract)—A Remote Action Experiment with a Piezoelectric Transducer delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard, Philip P. Bentley, Patrice K. Pasturel and Julian J. Isaacs▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The 1986 Pilot RA Experiment ◊ Event Definition ◊ Experimental Protocol ◊ Results ▪ The 1987 RA Experiment ◊ Modifications to the 1986 Experiment ◊ Design and Construction of the Laboratory Apparatus ◊ Experimental Protocol ▪ Results and Discussion of the 1987 Experiment ◊ Primary Data Analysis ◊ Environmental Exclusion ◊ Cumulative Data Record ◊ PZT Signal Analysis ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: John F. Kennedy University Final Report 1987: Remote Action Research Activities delete deleteJulian J. Isaacs▪ Introduction ◊ Trainee Selection and Recruitment ◊ Instrumentation: Modifications for 1987 Research ◊ Control Runs: Introduction ◊ Training Sessions: Preliminary Orientation of Participants ◊ Overall Training Results ◊ SRI Evaluation Sessions: Motivational and Inhibitory Factors ◊ Instrumental Considerations ◊ Conclusions and RecommendationsAnnex B: PZT Experiment System Description and Testing▪ Design and Construction of the Laboratory Apparatus ▪ Transducer Susceptibilities ▪ Environmental MonitoringScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Hardware Construction)—Remote Action Hardware Construction: A Quantum Mechanical Photon Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ▪ Method of Approach ▪ Conclusions and RecommendationsAnnex: Interference of Independent Photon Beams: An Experiment to Replicate the ­Pfleegor-Mandel Results and to Test Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics delete deleteEvan Harris Walker▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The Experiment ▪ ConclusionsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment)—A Quantum Measurement Experiment with a Single Photon Interferometer delete deleteEdwin C. May. S.J.P. Spottiswoode, Tom Piantanida and Evan Harris Walker▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Background ◊ Experiment Outline ▪ Summary of Results and DiscussionAnnex 1: Scientific Oversight Committee ReviewsAnnex 2: Testing Schrödinger’s Paradox with a Michelson Interferometer delete deleteEdwin C. May. S.J.P. Spottiswoode, Tom Piantanida and Evan Harris Walker▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The Cat and the Correlation of States ▪ Michelson Interferometer ▪ Michelson Interferometer with Fixed Setting AO Cells ▪ Michelson Interferometer Test of the Schrödinger Paradox ▪ Representation of the Photon ▪ The Apparatus ▪ Test Runs ▪ Experimental Results ▪ Conclusions1989 (Meta-analysis)—Review of the Psychoenergetic Research Conducted at SRI International (1973–1988) delete deleteEdwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts, Virginia V. Trask, Wanda W. Luke, Thane J. Frivold and Beverley S. Humphrey▪ Objective ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊Analysis of Domain ◊ Database Management System ◊ Statistical Methods ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Overall Results ◊ Results for Categories within the Informational Process ◊ Specific Results for Remote ViewingAnnex: Coding Sheets and Instructions for the ­Meta-Analysis1993 (Protocol)—Anomalous Perturbation Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May▪ Objective ▪ Background ◊ Historical Database ◊ Discussion ▪ Approach ◊ Protocol for a Pilot Study ◊ Analyses ▪ Conclusions1994 (Protocol)—Replication of a Russian Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke, Christine L. James and S.J.P. Spottiswoode▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ◊ Background ◊ Detector Design ◊ Film Measurement and Data Analysis ◊ Gratings ◊ Experimental ProgramPsychokinesis on Biological Systems1985 (Experiment)—Bacterial Mutation Study delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey and Edwin C. May▪ Executive Summary ▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ▪ Methods of Approach ◊ Definition of Terms ◊ Biological Background ◊ Experimental Design ◊ Protocols ▪ Results and Discussion ▪ Suggestions for Future Studies ◊ The Role of Feedback ◊ Screening Criteria and Presentation of Psychoenergetic Task ◊ Biological Protocols ◊ Future Experiments with Other Biological SystemsAnnex: Biological Materials1986 (Experiment—Subcontract)—An Experiment to Test Apparent Remote Action Effects on Electrodermal Activity delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and William W. Braud▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ▪ Results and Discussion ▪ Conclusions and RecommendationsAnnex A: Possible Role of Intuitive Data Sorting in Biological Psychokinesis: A Pilot Study delete deleteWilliam W. Braud and Marilyn Schlitz▪ Introduction ▪ Method ◊ Subjects ◊ Apparatus ▪ Procedure ▪ Results of the Pilot Experiment ▪ DiscussionAnnex B: Possible Role of Intuitive Data Sorting in Biological Psychokinesis:Confirmation Experiment delete deleteWilliam W. Braud and Marilyn Schlitz▪ Introduction ▪ Method ◊ Subjects ◊ Apparatus ▪ Procedure ▪ Results of the Confirmation Experiment ▪ DiscussionScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Measuring Remote Action Influence on the Vertical Component of Dunaliella Velocity delete deleteEdwin C. May, Beverly S. Humphrey and C.M. Pleass▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Remote Action ◊ Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hardware ◊ Statistics ▪ Results and Recommendations ◊ Protocol ◊ Statistics ◊ IDS Considerations ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: Bio Laser Doppler Consciousness Research delete deleteC.M. Pleass▪ Baseline Data ▪ Protocol for an IDS Experiment ▪ Statistical Processing ▪ Participant Pool Characteristics ▪ Communication with SRI ▪ Microbiology ▪ ConclusionAnnex B: Behavioral Response of Microorganisms to Psi Stimulus Part II: Statistical Analyses of Data from Dunaliella delete deleteC.M. Pleass and N. Dean Dey▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Results ▪ Discussion ▪ Conclusion Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment—Subcontract)—A Remote Action Investigation with Marine Animals delete deleteEdwin C. May and C.M. Pleass▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Review of the University of Delaware Remote Action Project ◊ Toward Increased Data Stability ◊ Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis ◊ Results ◊ DiscussionAnnex: Evaluation of the Theory of Intuitive Data Sorting, and Its ApplicationBio Laser Doppler Data Generated By Marine Microorganisms delete deleteC.M. Pleass▪ Format for the Experiments ▪ Discussion of the Experimental Format ▪ Results ▪ ConclusionsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Experimental Protocol for Hemolysis: Confirmation Experiment delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard, Jessica M. Utts and William W. Braud▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Background ◊ Overview ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Methodology ◊ Analysis ◊ Simulation of RA with Salinity Data ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ ANOVA Results ◊ RA versus IDS ResultsAnnex: Remote Influence of Hemolysis Rate: A Confirmation Study delete deleteWilliam W. Braud▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Summary of the Pilot Phase ◊ Summary of the Intermediate Phase of Salinity Tests ◊ Overview of the Confirmation Study ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Subjects ◊ Procedure ▪ Results ▪ DiscussionScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1993 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Autonomic Detection of Remote Observation Experiment delete deleteMarilyn Schlitz and Stephen LaBerge▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Research Predictions ▪ Methods ◊ Apparatus ◊ Assessments ◊ Subjects ◊ Experimental Procedure ▪ Discussion and ConclusionsAnnex A: Application for ParticipationAnnex B: NEO Personality Inventory—OverviewAnnex C: Social Avoidance and Distress Scale—Overview delete deleteDavid Watson and Ronald FriendAnnex D: Consent Form—Consent to Participate in a Proposed Study of Physiological Effects of Remote Observation1994 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Autonomic Detection of Remote Observation: Two Conceptual Replications delete deleteMarilyn J. Schlitz and Stephen LaBerge▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Methods ◊ Apparatus ◊ Assessments ◊ Subjects ◊ Experimental Procedure ▪ Results ◊ Alternative Hypotheses ▪ Conclusions1995 (Model)—Decision Augmentation Theory: Toward a Model of Anomalous Mental Phenomena delete deleteEdwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts and S. James P. Spottiswoode▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ◊ Brief Review of Models ◊ Historical Evolution of Decision Augmentation ▪ Decision Augmentation Theory—A General Description ◊ Development of a Formal Model ◊ General Considerations and Definitions ◊ Assumptions for DAT ◊ Calculation of the Expected Value and Variance of Z2 ◊ Retrospective Tests ◊ Prospective Tests ◊ Stouffer’s Z Tests ▪ Discussion ▪ Mathematical Derivations for the Decision Augmentation Theory ◊ Mean Chance Expectation ◊ ­Force-Like Interactions ◊ Informational Process1995 (Model)—Applications of Decision Augmentation Theory delete deleteEdwin C. May, S James P. Spottiswoode and Jessica M. Utts▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Review of Decision Augmentation Theory ▪ Review of an Influence Model ◊ Monte Carlo Verification ▪ Historical Binary RNG Database ▪ Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory RNG Data ▪ A Prospective Test of DAT ▪ The Literature: Review and Comment ◊ Walker—September 1987 ◊ Bierman—1988 ◊ Braud and Schlitz—1989 ◊ Vassy—1990 ◊ Braud—1990 ◊ Dobyns—1993 ▪ Circumstantial Evidence Against an AP Model for RNG Data ◊ Internal Complexity of RNG Devices and Source Independence ◊ Effects with ­Pseudo-RNGs ◊ Precognitive AC ◊ SRI International’s RNG Experiment ◊ Mathematical Model of the Noise Diode ◊ Summary of Circumstantial Evidence Against AP ▪ Discussion and ConclusionsPsi Research: Foreign Assessment1972 (Review)—Controlled Offensive Behavior—USSR. Part II: Parapsychology in the Soviet Union delete deleteCapt. John D. LaMothe▪ Preface ▪ Summary ▪ Part II: Parapsychology in the Soviet Union ◊ Section I: Background ◊ Section II: Significance of Parapsychology in the USSR ◊ Section III: The Apport Technique ◊ Section IV: ESP and Psychokinesis ◊ Section V: Summary and Military Implications ▪ Appendix I: Personnel and Institutes Parapsychology—USSR ◊ Part A. Affiliation Known ◊ Part B—Affiliation Unknown (1972) ▪ Appendix II: Future Trends ▪ Bibliography1981 (Review)—Review of the Psychoenergetics Research Organization in the Soviet Union (1960 to 1980) delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey and Gary Langford▪ Preface ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Soviet Planning and Research Organization ◊ Council of Ministers ◊ State Committee for Science and Technolgoy (GKNT) ◊ Academy of Sciences ◊ Scientific Problem Councils ◊ Scientific Professional Societies ▪ Soviet Psychoenergetics Research ◊ Early Indications of Government Interest in Psychoenergetics ◊ Soviet Psychoenergetics Research from 1975 to 1980 ▪ ConclusionsAnnex: A: ­Time-Line Plot of Major ActivitiesAnnex B: The A. S. Popov Society for Radioengineering, Electronics, and Communication1982 (Review)—Psychoenergetics Research in the People’s Republic of China delete deleteHarold E. Puthoff▪ Abstract ▪ Background and Overview ◊ Chronology of Major Events ◊ Official Policy ▪ East-West Exchange ◊ China Psychoenergetics Tour—Introduction ◊ Institute of High Energy Physics (Beijing) ◊ Shanghai Meeting with Editorial Staff of Chinese Journal of Nature (‘Ziran Zazhi’) ◊ PRC Representation at Cambridge Conference ▪ Assessment and Conclusions ◊ Assessment ◊ ConclusionsAnnex C: Partial Bibliography on Chinese Work on EHBF1983 (Review)—Free World Psychoenergetics Research Survey delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey and Edwin C. May▪ Introduction ▪ Methodology ◊ Article Selection Criteria ◊ Keyword System Development ◊ Keyword System Application ▪ Data1993 (Review)—Travel Report: The Third National Scientific Meeting of the Chinese Society of Somatic Science (CSSS), Beijing, China delete deleteWanda L.W. Luke and Edwin C. May▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Travel Report ◊ Initial Contact ◊ Conference Attendance ◊ Opening Remarks and Welcome ◊ Presented Papers ◊ Meetings ▪ Socio-Cultural Perspective ◊ Somatic Science ◊ Need for ­Socio-Historical Perspective ◊ Caveat ◊ ­Socio-Cultural Influences on Chinese Science ▪ Discussions and Conclusions 1993 (Review)—Anomalous Phenomenological Research: Current Status in Russia delete deleteEdwin C. May and Laura V. Faith▪ Abstract ▪ Anomalous Perturbation (AP) ◊ “Distant Influence” on Physical Systems ◊ Anomalous Perturbation on Biological Systems ◊ Conclusions ▪ Review of EMF Effects ◊ ELF Biological Effects ◊ Biological Effects of Centimeter Waves ◊ EHF Biological Effects ◊ Neurophysiological Studies of ELF and EHF Effects in Humans ▪ Novel Waves and Particles ◊ Longitudinal Electromagnetic Waves ◊ Exotic Particles ◊ Torsion Fields1994 (Review)—Anomalous Mental Phenomena Research in Russia and the Former Soviet Union: A ­Follow-Up delete deleteLarissa Vilenskaya and Edwin C. May▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ “Distant Influence” on Physical Systems ◊ Introduction ◊ Optical Methods for the Study of AP Phenomena ◊ AP Effects on Analytical Balance ◊ Effect on the Acidity of Water ◊ Systems with Multiple Physical Sensors ▪ “Distant Influence” on Biological Systems ◊ Introduction ◊ Experiments with Tissue Cultures ◊ New Experiments on Distant Effect on Mice ◊ AP on Behavior of Laboratory Animals ◊ Biochemical Changes in Laboratory Animals as AP Targets ◊ Morphological Changes in Animals as AP Targets ◊ Human Physiology as AP Targets ◊ Human Performance as AP Targets ▪ Discussions and ConclusionsAppendicesI: Anomalous Mental Phenomena ProcessesII: Anomalous Mental Phenomena Research OverviewIII: Star Gate Oversight CommitteesIV: Sample Statement of WorkV: Star Gate Funding (1972–1995)VI: List of SubcontractsVII: Star Gate Archives StatisticsVIII: Comprehensive Bibliography of SRI and SAIC Reports on the Star Gate ProgramIX: SRI and SAIC PersonnelList of AbbreviationsGlossaryAuthor IndexSubject Index

Edwin C. May, Ph.D. (Nuclear Physics), is a leading figure in anomalous cognition research, and has authored more than 500 research and technical papers in this area. He was with the U.S. government’s psi research program, Star Gate, from late 1975 to 1995, and was the research director from 1985 to 1995, at SRI International and SAIC. He is the president of the Laboratories for Fundamental Research in Palo Alto, California. Sonali Bhatt Marwaha, Ph.D. (Psychology), is a research associate with the Laboratories for Fundamental Research. Her interests include a synthesis of the cognitive sciences and anomalous cognition research which can lead to theoretical developments in the field. She lives in India.

• Table of ContentsForeword by William S. CohenForeword by Richard S. BroughtonPreface by Edwin C. MayPsychokinesis Research in the Star Gate Program: An Introduction delete deleteEdwin C. May and Sonali Bhatt Marwaha▪ Soviet Parapsychology ◊ Psychokinesis Research in the Soviet Union ▪ Causal Psi (Psychokinesis) Research in the Star Gate Program ◊ Protocol Problems in PK Experiments ◊ Causal Psi Research at SRI ◊ Research in ­Micro-PK ◊ Research in ­Bio-PK ▪ Foreign Assessment ▪ Concluding Remarks ◊ Conclusions from the Psycho­kinesis Research Effort ◊ Conclusions from the Remote Viewing Research Effort ◊ The Post–Star GatePsychokinesis on Physical Systems1975 (Proposal)—Magnetometer Stability Studies—Proposal delete deleteHarold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ◊ ­Shielded-Magnetometer Observation (Pilot Experiment) ◊ Experiments with Superconducting Differential Magnetometer (Gradiometer) ▪ Proposed Program ◊ Objective ◊ Statement of Work1975 (Experiment)—Identification of the Nature of Paranormal Phenomena and Energy delete deleteHarold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ▪ Experiments with Physical Apparatus ◊ Experiments with Geiger Counter ◊ Experiments with ­Laser-Monitored Torsion Pendulum ◊ Experiments with Superconducting Differential Magnetometer (Gradiometer) ◊ Discussion of Physical Perturbation EffectsAnnex: Universal Randomization Protocol1979 (Protocol)—Proposed Grill Flame Protocol: Task II—Proposed SRI International Protocol for Research On Remote Perturbation Techniques delete deleteEdwin C. May, Harold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ▪ Introduction ◊ General ◊ Early Demonstrations with Ingo Swann ◊ Database for RNG Experiments ◊ Scientific Merits ◊ Technical Application ▪ Experiments ◊ General ◊ Assumptions ◊ Independent Variables ◊ Dependent Variables ◊ Hardware ▪ Participants ◊ Selection Criteria ◊ Payment Criteria ◊ Experiment Duration ◊ Number of Participants ◊ Volunteer Consent Form ◊ Medical Facilities ◊ Debriefing Schedule ▪ Investigation Analysis Criteria ▪ Environment1980 (Hardware Construction)—Phase I Hardware Construction and System Evaluation delete deleteEdwin C. May and G. Scott Hubbard▪ Abstract ▪ Executive Summary ◊ General ◊ System Description ◊ System Testing ◊ System Isolation and Interference Protection ◊ Results ▪ System Description ◊ Sources ◊ Analysis and Control ◊ Display ▪ Subsystem Testing ◊ Noise Diode RNG ◊ β-Decay RNG ◊ Computer Pseudorandom Generator ▪ System Analysis ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: Technical Construction Details of Random Sources◊ Introduction ◊ Noise Diode Source ◊ Electron Noise Source ◊ Power System ◊ Packaging ◊ Data Receiver UnitAnnex B: Technical Details of Special Interface Board▪ Introduction ◊ Functional Description1980 (Experiment)—Electronic System Perturbation Techniques delete deleteEdwin C. May, Beverly S. Humphrey and G. Scott Hubbard▪ Objective ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Random Number Generator System ◊ Hardware ◊ System Testing ◊ System Isolation and Interference Protection ◊ System Certification Testing Results ▪ Experiment Protocol ◊ Definitions ◊ Data Acquisition Session Description ◊ Controls ◊ Test Requirements ◊ Records ◊ Trial Invalidation Requirements ◊ General Considerations ▪ Results ◊ Pilot Phase ◊ Global Control Runs ◊ Formal Phase ▪ DiscussionAnnex: Chronological Literature Survey of RNG Experiments (1970–1979)1982 (Review)—Countermeasures: A Survey and Evaluation delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Edwin C. May▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ▪ Literature Survey and Evaluation ▪ Theoretical Considerations for Psychoenergetic Intrusion ▪ Recommendations ▪ Bibliography by Category1982 (Theoretical)—A Hardware Approach Toward Replicability delete deleteEdwin C. May1983 (Theoretical)—Psychokinetic Research at SRI delete deleteEdwin C. May 1985 (Meta-analysis)—Psi Experiments with Random Number Generators: ­Meta-Analysis Part 1 delete deleteDean I. Radin, Edwin C. May and Martha J. Thomson▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Background: On the Scent of a Trail ▪ Overview of a Typical RNG Experiment ▪ Procedure ◊ Source of References ◊ Defining an Experiment ◊ Results of Literature Review ▪ Addressing Criticisms of the Data ▪ Quality Analysis: A Proposal ◊ Explanation of RNG Weighting Criteria ◊ Method of Calculating ­Quality-Weighted Analysis ◊ Weighting the File Drawer Estimate ◊ Defining Experiments in the Quality Analysis ▪ Conclusion1985 (Model)—Psi Experiments with Random Number Generators: An Informational Model / Sensor Disruption Model delete deleteEdwin C. May, Dean Radin, G. Scott Hubbard, Beverly S. Humphrey and Jessica M. Utts▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Theoretical Considerations—Null Hypothesis ▪ Theoretical Considerations—Causal Psi Model (PK) ◊ Shift of the Mean ◊ Shift in Variance ▪ Theoretical Considerations—An Informational Model ▪ The Data ▪ Comparison of Models with the Data ◊ PK Shift of the Mean ◊ PK Shift of the Variance ◊ ∝ = −0.5 (Mean Shift) and (β = 0.0 (Variance Shift) ◊ Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) ▪ Discussion ▪ Conclusions and Recommendations1986 (Model)—Intuitive Data Sorting: An Informational Model of Psychoenergetic Functioning delete deleteEdwin C. May▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ A Conceptual Thought Experiment ◊ A Practical Thought Experiment ▪ Background ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Theoretical Considerations ◊ The SRI Pseudorandom Data ◊ The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Data ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ The PRNG Experiment Results ◊ The PEAR Results ▪ Conclusions and RecommendationsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment)—Intuitive Data Sorting delete deleteJessica M. Utts, Edwin C. May and Thane J. Frivold▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction and Background ◊ The IDS Theory ◊ IDS Experiments at SRI International ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Details of Computer Program ◊ Selection and Testing of Subjects ◊ Analysis ▪ Results and ConclusionsAnnex A: Statistics TablesScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Experiment)—An RNG Experiment to Test the Effects of Source and Distance delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Edward F. Storm▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ General Description ◊ Specific Experiment ◊ Overall Hypothesis and Analysis ◊ Communications Protocol ▪ Results and DiscussionAnnex: Investigation of Psychoenergetic Distance Effects Obtained from Noise Sources with Different Characteristics delete deleteEdward F. Storm and Robert L. Morris▪ Introduction ▪ Experimental Design and Design Goals ▪ Hardware Design and Construction ▪ Software DocumentationScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Hardware Construction)—Single α-Particle Experimental Hardware delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard◊ Radioactive Source ◊ Radiation Detector ◊ Data Acquisition and Signal Processing ◊ Environmental Considerations1987 (Protocol)—Initial Protocol for Remote Action Interactions with α-Particles delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hardware Considerations ◊ Participant Selection ◊ Data Collection ▪ Discussion1986 (Experiment—Subcontract)—An Experiment to Examine the Possible Existence of Remote Action Effects in Piezoelectric Strain Gauges delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and Julian D. Isaacs▪ Abstract ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Participant Selection and Training ◊ Hypotheses and Variables ◊ Hardware Construction ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Individual Results ◊ Control Trials ◊ Possible Sources of Experimental Artifact ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: Strain Gauge Remote Action Screening Device delete deleteSteven M. Ohriner▪ General Description ◊ Strain Gauge Sensor and Preamplifier ◊ Processing Display Unit ◊ PerformanceAnnex B: Engineering Considerations and Construction Details ofPiezoelectric Sensor System delete deletePhilip B. Bentley◊ Background ◊ Sensor Type ◊ Signal Amplification ◊ Environmental Isolation ◊ Mechanical Vibration ◊ Acoustic Vibration ◊ ­Heat-Induced Variations ◊ Electromagnetic IsolationAnnex C: The Remote Action Project JFK Final Report: 1986 Remote Action Research Activities delete deleteJulian J. Issacs▪ Introduction ▪ Population Screening ◊ Screening Methodology ◊ The Screenings ◊ Criteria for Participant Selection ◊ Results of Screenings ◊ Participant Recruitment by Contacts ◊ Conclusions Regarding Selection ▪ Remote Action Training Sessions ◊ Training Sessions with Modified Screening Device ◊ Training Sessions with ­Twenty-Tone Device ◊ Training Sessions with Evaluation Device ◊ Criteria for Continuance of Training ◊ Overall Session Results ▪ Instrumental Design ◊ Psychological Requirements ◊ Recommended Evaluation Device Modifications ◊ Screening Device (SD) Characteristics ▪ Conclusions and SuggestionsAnnex D: Remote Action Project Participant Information FormAnnex E: The JFK Committee for the Protection of Human SubjectsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment—Subcontract)—A Remote Action Experiment with a Piezoelectric Transducer delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard, Philip P. Bentley, Patrice K. Pasturel and Julian J. Isaacs▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The 1986 Pilot RA Experiment ◊ Event Definition ◊ Experimental Protocol ◊ Results ▪ The 1987 RA Experiment ◊ Modifications to the 1986 Experiment ◊ Design and Construction of the Laboratory Apparatus ◊ Experimental Protocol ▪ Results and Discussion of the 1987 Experiment ◊ Primary Data Analysis ◊ Environmental Exclusion ◊ Cumulative Data Record ◊ PZT Signal Analysis ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: John F. Kennedy University Final Report 1987: Remote Action Research Activities delete deleteJulian J. Isaacs▪ Introduction ◊ Trainee Selection and Recruitment ◊ Instrumentation: Modifications for 1987 Research ◊ Control Runs: Introduction ◊ Training Sessions: Preliminary Orientation of Participants ◊ Overall Training Results ◊ SRI Evaluation Sessions: Motivational and Inhibitory Factors ◊ Instrumental Considerations ◊ Conclusions and RecommendationsAnnex B: PZT Experiment System Description and Testing▪ Design and Construction of the Laboratory Apparatus ▪ Transducer Susceptibilities ▪ Environmental MonitoringScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Hardware Construction)—Remote Action Hardware Construction: A Quantum Mechanical Photon Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ▪ Method of Approach ▪ Conclusions and RecommendationsAnnex: Interference of Independent Photon Beams: An Experiment to Replicate the ­Pfleegor-Mandel Results and to Test Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics delete deleteEvan Harris Walker▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The Experiment ▪ ConclusionsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment)—A Quantum Measurement Experiment with a Single Photon Interferometer delete deleteEdwin C. May. S.J.P. Spottiswoode, Tom Piantanida and Evan Harris Walker▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Background ◊ Experiment Outline ▪ Summary of Results and DiscussionAnnex 1: Scientific Oversight Committee ReviewsAnnex 2: Testing Schrödinger’s Paradox with a Michelson Interferometer delete deleteEdwin C. May. S.J.P. Spottiswoode, Tom Piantanida and Evan Harris Walker▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ The Cat and the Correlation of States ▪ Michelson Interferometer ▪ Michelson Interferometer with Fixed Setting AO Cells ▪ Michelson Interferometer Test of the Schrödinger Paradox ▪ Representation of the Photon ▪ The Apparatus ▪ Test Runs ▪ Experimental Results ▪ Conclusions1989 (Meta-analysis)—Review of the Psychoenergetic Research Conducted at SRI International (1973–1988) delete deleteEdwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts, Virginia V. Trask, Wanda W. Luke, Thane J. Frivold and Beverley S. Humphrey▪ Objective ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ◊Analysis of Domain ◊ Database Management System ◊ Statistical Methods ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ Overall Results ◊ Results for Categories within the Informational Process ◊ Specific Results for Remote ViewingAnnex: Coding Sheets and Instructions for the ­Meta-Analysis1993 (Protocol)—Anomalous Perturbation Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May▪ Objective ▪ Background ◊ Historical Database ◊ Discussion ▪ Approach ◊ Protocol for a Pilot Study ◊ Analyses ▪ Conclusions1994 (Protocol)—Replication of a Russian Experiment delete deleteEdwin C. May, Wanda L.W. Luke, Christine L. James and S.J.P. Spottiswoode▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ◊ Background ◊ Detector Design ◊ Film Measurement and Data Analysis ◊ Gratings ◊ Experimental ProgramPsychokinesis on Biological Systems1985 (Experiment)—Bacterial Mutation Study delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey and Edwin C. May▪ Executive Summary ▪ Objective ▪ Introduction ▪ Methods of Approach ◊ Definition of Terms ◊ Biological Background ◊ Experimental Design ◊ Protocols ▪ Results and Discussion ▪ Suggestions for Future Studies ◊ The Role of Feedback ◊ Screening Criteria and Presentation of Psychoenergetic Task ◊ Biological Protocols ◊ Future Experiments with Other Biological SystemsAnnex: Biological Materials1986 (Experiment—Subcontract)—An Experiment to Test Apparent Remote Action Effects on Electrodermal Activity delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard and William W. Braud▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Method of Approach ▪ Results and Discussion ▪ Conclusions and RecommendationsAnnex A: Possible Role of Intuitive Data Sorting in Biological Psychokinesis: A Pilot Study delete deleteWilliam W. Braud and Marilyn Schlitz▪ Introduction ▪ Method ◊ Subjects ◊ Apparatus ▪ Procedure ▪ Results of the Pilot Experiment ▪ DiscussionAnnex B: Possible Role of Intuitive Data Sorting in Biological Psychokinesis:Confirmation Experiment delete deleteWilliam W. Braud and Marilyn Schlitz▪ Introduction ▪ Method ◊ Subjects ◊ Apparatus ▪ Procedure ▪ Results of the Confirmation Experiment ▪ DiscussionScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1986 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Measuring Remote Action Influence on the Vertical Component of Dunaliella Velocity delete deleteEdwin C. May, Beverly S. Humphrey and C.M. Pleass▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Remote Action ◊ Intuitive Data Sorting (IDS) ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Hardware ◊ Statistics ▪ Results and Recommendations ◊ Protocol ◊ Statistics ◊ IDS Considerations ▪ ConclusionsAnnex A: Bio Laser Doppler Consciousness Research delete deleteC.M. Pleass▪ Baseline Data ▪ Protocol for an IDS Experiment ▪ Statistical Processing ▪ Participant Pool Characteristics ▪ Communication with SRI ▪ Microbiology ▪ ConclusionAnnex B: Behavioral Response of Microorganisms to Psi Stimulus Part II: Statistical Analyses of Data from Dunaliella delete deleteC.M. Pleass and N. Dean Dey▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Results ▪ Discussion ▪ Conclusion Scientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment—Subcontract)—A Remote Action Investigation with Marine Animals delete deleteEdwin C. May and C.M. Pleass▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Review of the University of Delaware Remote Action Project ◊ Toward Increased Data Stability ◊ Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis ◊ Results ◊ DiscussionAnnex: Evaluation of the Theory of Intuitive Data Sorting, and Its ApplicationBio Laser Doppler Data Generated By Marine Microorganisms delete deleteC.M. Pleass▪ Format for the Experiments ▪ Discussion of the Experimental Format ▪ Results ▪ ConclusionsScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1987 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Experimental Protocol for Hemolysis: Confirmation Experiment delete deleteG. Scott Hubbard, Jessica M. Utts and William W. Braud▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Background ◊ Overview ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Methodology ◊ Analysis ◊ Simulation of RA with Salinity Data ▪ Results and Discussion ◊ ANOVA Results ◊ RA versus IDS ResultsAnnex: Remote Influence of Hemolysis Rate: A Confirmation Study delete deleteWilliam W. Braud▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ◊ Summary of the Pilot Phase ◊ Summary of the Intermediate Phase of Salinity Tests ◊ Overview of the Confirmation Study ▪ Method of Approach ◊ Subjects ◊ Procedure ▪ Results ▪ DiscussionScientific Oversight Committee Reviews1993 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Autonomic Detection of Remote Observation Experiment delete deleteMarilyn Schlitz and Stephen LaBerge▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Research Predictions ▪ Methods ◊ Apparatus ◊ Assessments ◊ Subjects ◊ Experimental Procedure ▪ Discussion and ConclusionsAnnex A: Application for ParticipationAnnex B: NEO Personality Inventory—OverviewAnnex C: Social Avoidance and Distress Scale—Overview delete deleteDavid Watson and Ronald FriendAnnex D: Consent Form—Consent to Participate in a Proposed Study of Physiological Effects of Remote Observation1994 (Experiment—Subcontract)—Autonomic Detection of Remote Observation: Two Conceptual Replications delete deleteMarilyn J. Schlitz and Stephen LaBerge▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Methods ◊ Apparatus ◊ Assessments ◊ Subjects ◊ Experimental Procedure ▪ Results ◊ Alternative Hypotheses ▪ Conclusions1995 (Model)—Decision Augmentation Theory: Toward a Model of Anomalous Mental Phenomena delete deleteEdwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts and S. James P. Spottiswoode▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Background ◊ Brief Review of Models ◊ Historical Evolution of Decision Augmentation ▪ Decision Augmentation Theory—A General Description ◊ Development of a Formal Model ◊ General Considerations and Definitions ◊ Assumptions for DAT ◊ Calculation of the Expected Value and Variance of Z2 ◊ Retrospective Tests ◊ Prospective Tests ◊ Stouffer’s Z Tests ▪ Discussion ▪ Mathematical Derivations for the Decision Augmentation Theory ◊ Mean Chance Expectation ◊ ­Force-Like Interactions ◊ Informational Process1995 (Model)—Applications of Decision Augmentation Theory delete deleteEdwin C. May, S James P. Spottiswoode and Jessica M. Utts▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ Review of Decision Augmentation Theory ▪ Review of an Influence Model ◊ Monte Carlo Verification ▪ Historical Binary RNG Database ▪ Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory RNG Data ▪ A Prospective Test of DAT ▪ The Literature: Review and Comment ◊ Walker—September 1987 ◊ Bierman—1988 ◊ Braud and Schlitz—1989 ◊ Vassy—1990 ◊ Braud—1990 ◊ Dobyns—1993 ▪ Circumstantial Evidence Against an AP Model for RNG Data ◊ Internal Complexity of RNG Devices and Source Independence ◊ Effects with ­Pseudo-RNGs ◊ Precognitive AC ◊ SRI International’s RNG Experiment ◊ Mathematical Model of the Noise Diode ◊ Summary of Circumstantial Evidence Against AP ▪ Discussion and ConclusionsPsi Research: Foreign Assessment1972 (Review)—Controlled Offensive Behavior—USSR. Part II: Parapsychology in the Soviet Union delete deleteCapt. John D. LaMothe▪ Preface ▪ Summary ▪ Part II: Parapsychology in the Soviet Union ◊ Section I: Background ◊ Section II: Significance of Parapsychology in the USSR ◊ Section III: The Apport Technique ◊ Section IV: ESP and Psychokinesis ◊ Section V: Summary and Military Implications ▪ Appendix I: Personnel and Institutes Parapsychology—USSR ◊ Part A. Affiliation Known ◊ Part B—Affiliation Unknown (1972) ▪ Appendix II: Future Trends ▪ Bibliography1981 (Review)—Review of the Psychoenergetics Research Organization in the Soviet Union (1960 to 1980) delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey and Gary Langford▪ Preface ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Introduction ▪ Soviet Planning and Research Organization ◊ Council of Ministers ◊ State Committee for Science and Technolgoy (GKNT) ◊ Academy of Sciences ◊ Scientific Problem Councils ◊ Scientific Professional Societies ▪ Soviet Psychoenergetics Research ◊ Early Indications of Government Interest in Psychoenergetics ◊ Soviet Psychoenergetics Research from 1975 to 1980 ▪ ConclusionsAnnex: A: ­Time-Line Plot of Major ActivitiesAnnex B: The A. S. Popov Society for Radioengineering, Electronics, and Communication1982 (Review)—Psychoenergetics Research in the People’s Republic of China delete deleteHarold E. Puthoff▪ Abstract ▪ Background and Overview ◊ Chronology of Major Events ◊ Official Policy ▪ East-West Exchange ◊ China Psychoenergetics Tour—Introduction ◊ Institute of High Energy Physics (Beijing) ◊ Shanghai Meeting with Editorial Staff of Chinese Journal of Nature (‘Ziran Zazhi’) ◊ PRC Representation at Cambridge Conference ▪ Assessment and Conclusions ◊ Assessment ◊ ConclusionsAnnex C: Partial Bibliography on Chinese Work on EHBF1983 (Review)—Free World Psychoenergetics Research Survey delete deleteBeverly S. Humphrey and Edwin C. May▪ Introduction ▪ Methodology ◊ Article Selection Criteria ◊ Keyword System Development ◊ Keyword System Application ▪ Data1993 (Review)—Travel Report: The Third National Scientific Meeting of the Chinese Society of Somatic Science (CSSS), Beijing, China delete deleteWanda L.W. Luke and Edwin C. May▪ Objective ▪ Background ▪ Travel Report ◊ Initial Contact ◊ Conference Attendance ◊ Opening Remarks and Welcome ◊ Presented Papers ◊ Meetings ▪ Socio-Cultural Perspective ◊ Somatic Science ◊ Need for ­Socio-Historical Perspective ◊ Caveat ◊ ­Socio-Cultural Influences on Chinese Science ▪ Discussions and Conclusions 1993 (Review)—Anomalous Phenomenological Research: Current Status in Russia delete deleteEdwin C. May and Laura V. Faith▪ Abstract ▪ Anomalous Perturbation (AP) ◊ “Distant Influence” on Physical Systems ◊ Anomalous Perturbation on Biological Systems ◊ Conclusions ▪ Review of EMF Effects ◊ ELF Biological Effects ◊ Biological Effects of Centimeter Waves ◊ EHF Biological Effects ◊ Neurophysiological Studies of ELF and EHF Effects in Humans ▪ Novel Waves and Particles ◊ Longitudinal Electromagnetic Waves ◊ Exotic Particles ◊ Torsion Fields1994 (Review)—Anomalous Mental Phenomena Research in Russia and the Former Soviet Union: A ­Follow-Up delete deleteLarissa Vilenskaya and Edwin C. May▪ Abstract ▪ Introduction ▪ “Distant Influence” on Physical Systems ◊ Introduction ◊ Optical Methods for the Study of AP Phenomena ◊ AP Effects on Analytical Balance ◊ Effect on the Acidity of Water ◊ Systems with Multiple Physical Sensors ▪ “Distant Influence” on Biological Systems ◊ Introduction ◊ Experiments with Tissue Cultures ◊ New Experiments on Distant Effect on Mice ◊ AP on Behavior of Laboratory Animals ◊ Biochemical Changes in Laboratory Animals as AP Targets ◊ Morphological Changes in Animals as AP Targets ◊ Human Physiology as AP Targets ◊ Human Performance as AP Targets ▪ Discussions and ConclusionsAppendicesI: Anomalous Mental Phenomena ProcessesII: Anomalous Mental Phenomena Research OverviewIII: Star Gate Oversight CommitteesIV: Sample Statement of WorkV: Star Gate Funding (1972–1995)VI: List of SubcontractsVII: Star Gate Archives StatisticsVIII: Comprehensive Bibliography of SRI and SAIC Reports on the Star Gate ProgramIX: SRI and SAIC PersonnelList of AbbreviationsGlossaryAuthor IndexSubject Index