The Fourth International Conference on Immunopharmacology took place in Osaka, Japan, May 1988. It was attended by over 900 participants from a variety of fields, illustrating the broad interest and wide-ranging applications of the subject. This Proceedings volume provides a comprehensive record of the Conference and is organized according to the sectional headings employed at the meeting. The topics covered include basic and clinical immunology, and preclinical and clinical aspects of immunopharmacology. The material presented is referenced and indexed throughout, and illustrated with photographs, diagrams and tables.