GI Microbiota and Regulation of the Immune System

Häftad, Engelska, 2014

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Beskrivning

The idea that the microbial communities within the GI tract have a profound influence on general human health actually originated with Russian scientist Elie Metchnikov at the turn ofthe last century. Also known as the "fatherofimmunol- ogy", Metchnikovbelievedthat putrefactivebacteriain the gut were responsible for enhancing the aging process. He theorized that ingestion ofhealthy bacteria found in fermented foods could counteract toxic bacteria and was the key to good health. His theories concerning good bacteria and health can be found in his treatise "The ProlongationofLife: Optimistic Studies".Thesewritings promptedJapanesescientist Minoru Shirotatobegin investigationofhow fermentative bacteriaimprove health. He succeededin isolating astrainofLactobacillusthat could survive passage through the intestine, while promoting a healthy balance ofmicrobes. The "Shirota strain" is still used today in the fermented beverage Yakult.It is clear from a commercial standpoint that these ideas have inspired the development of a probiotic industry, which has expanded greatly in the U.S. over the past 5-10 years.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2014-12-01
Mått:155 x 235 x 10 mm
Vikt:265 g
Format:Häftad
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:149
Upplaga:2008
Förlag:Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
ISBN:9781489988164

Utforska kategorier

Onkologi inom Medicin
Medicinsk utrustning och medicinska tekniker inom Medicin

Mer om författaren

Gary B. Huffnagle, PhD, is a Professor of Internal Medicine (PulmonaryDiseases) and Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Michigan MedicalSchool. He holds a BS in microbiology from Pennsylvania State University and aPhD in immunology from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School.In addition to conducting research, he teaches undergraduate and graduate classesin eukaryotic microbiology, microbial symbiosis and experimental immunologyat the University of Michigan. Dr. Huffnagle’s research focuses on the regulationof pulmonary immunity to infectious agents and allergens. In the past 5 years, hisattention has turned to the role of the indigenous microbiota in immune systemfunctioning, as well as the role of probiotics in animal and human health. He hasbeen awarded research grants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute(NHL BI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the FrancisFamilies Foundation and the Burroughs-Wellcome Fund. Dr. Huffnagle serves orhas served on editorial boards for the American Society for Microbiology (ASM)and the American Association of Immunologists (AAI), as well as on advisory andreview panels for the National Institutes of Health (NIH).Mairi C. Nove rr, PhD, is an Assistant Professor of Immunology andMicrobiology at Wayne State University Medical School. She earned a BA in biologyfrom Kalamazoo College in 1996 and a PhD in microbiology and immunologyfrom the University of Michigan in 2002. Dr. Noverr’s current research focuses oninvestigating mechanisms of immunomodulation by the opportunistic yeast Candidaalbicans during host-pathogen interactions and how interactions with other membersof the microbiota influence these interactions. Her laboratory is investigatingsignaling compounds called oxylipins that are produced by both Candida and thehost, which can influence the microbiology of the fungus and the activity of hostimmune system cells. Projects in the laboratory include molecular characterizationof the fungal oxylipin biosynthetic pathways and determining the effects of oxylipinsduring Candida pathogenesis, in modulating host immune cell function, andduring fungal-bacterial interactions. She has been awarded research funding fromthe Francis Families Foundation.

Innehållsförteckning

Overview of Gut Immunology.- The Commensal Microbiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract.- Overview of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota.- Effects of Microbiota on GI Health: Gnotobiotic Research.- Positive Interactions with the Microbiota: Probiotics.- Negative Interactions with the Microbiota: IBD.- Diet, Immunity and Functional Foods.- Host-Microbe Communication within the GI Tract.- Host-Microbe Symbiosis: The Squid-Vibrio Association—A Naturally Occurring, Experimental Model of Animal/Bacterial Partnerships.- The “Microflora Hypothesis” of Allergic Disease.- The Damage-Response Framework of Microbial Pathogenesis and Infectious Diseases.