Non-Invasive Ventilation and Weaning

Mark Elliott MD FRCP (UK) is a Consultant Respiratory Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK. He has been responsible for developing the home sleep and assisted ventilation service, for acute in hospital NIV and weaning of patients with prolonged ventilator dependence. His research interests are in acute and chronic noninvasive ventilation and sleep related abnormalities of breathing.Stefano Nava MD is Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, presso S. Orsola Malpghi Hospital in Bologna, Italy; it is one of Italy’s largest hospitals. Dr. Nava has served both the ATS in its Critical Care Assembly as well as the European Respiratory Society in several capacities. He also sits on a joint task force between the ATS and ERS on noninvasive ventilation which aims to keep literature on the subject up to date. Dr. Nava has written more than 100 papers on the noninvasive ventilation. Born in Crema, Italy, Dr. Nava earned his degree in medicine at Pavia University, where he subsequently specialized in pulmonary disease, intensive care medicine, and anesthesiology. Between 1985 and 1988, he took a research fellowship in pulmonary medicine at Royal Victoria Hospital and the Meakins-Christie Laboratories, at McGill University in Canada. It was there, under the tutelage of the venerable professors Joseph Milic-Emili, Francois Bellemare, and the late Peter T. Macklem, that Dr. Nava studied respiratory mechanics and physiology—mainly in invasively ventilated patients.Bernd Schönhofer MD, PhD, is Director, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Klinikum Region Hannover, Oststadt - Heidehaus, Hannover, Germany

• Contributors 1. Non-invasive ventilation: From the past to the present Dominique Robert and Barry MakePART 1: THE EQUIPMENT2. Positive pressure ventilators Dean R. Hess3. Continuous positive airway pressure Annie Lecavalier and Peter Goldberg4. Emerging modes for non-invasive ventilation Paolo Navalesi, Federico Longhini, Rosanna Vaschetto and Antonio Messina5. Extracorporeal CO2 removal Lara Pisani and V. Marco Ranieri6. Interfaces Cesare Gregoretti, Vincenzo Russotto and Davide Chiumello7. Quality control of non-invasive ventilation: Performance, service, maintenance and infection control of ventilators Jordi Rigau and Ramon Farré8. Humidifiers and drug delivery during non-invasive ventilation Antonio M. Esquinas Rodriguez and Maria Vargas9. How to start a patient on non-invasive ventilation Raffaele Scala and Martin LathamPART 2: THE PRACTICE – ACUTE NIV10. How to set up an acute non-invasive ventilation service Paul K. Plant and Gregory A. Schmidt11. Education programmes/assessment of staff competencies Alanna Hare12. Monitoring during acute non-invasive ventilation Eumorfia Kondili, Nektaria Xirouchaki and Dimitris Georgopoulos13. Troubleshooting non-invasive ventilation Nicholas S. Hill, Mayanka Tickoo and Najia Indress14. Sedation and delirium Lara Pisani, Maria Laura Vega and Cesare Gregoretti15. Timing of non-invasive ventilation Stefano Nava and Paolo Navalesi16. Why non-invasive ventilation works in acute respiratory failure? Miguel Ferrer and Antoni Torres17. Predicting outcome in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure Tom Hartley and Stephen C. Bourke18. Use of NIV in the real world Mihaela Stefan, Peter Lindenauer, Najia Indress, Faisal Tamimi and Nicholas S. HillPART 3: THE PRACTICE – CHRONIC NIV 19. Chronic ventilator service Maxime Patout, Antoine Cuvelier, Jean-François Muir and Peter Wijkstra20. Diagnostic tests in the assessment of patients for home mechanical ventilation Michael Polkey, Patrick B. Murphy and Nicholas Hart21. Ultrasound Daniel A. Lichtenstein22. Patient and caregiver education Ole Norregaard23. Discharging the patient on home ventilation Joan Escarrabill and Ole Norregaard24. Monitoring during sleep during chronic non-invasive ventilation Jean-Paul Janssens, Jean-Christian Borel, Dan Adler and Jean-Louis Pépin25. Continuity of care and telemonitoring Michele VitaccaPART 4: THE DISEASES 26. Pathophysiology of respiratory failure Paul P. Walker and Peter M. CalverleyPART 5. :COPD 27. Non-invasive ventilation for exacerbation of COPD Martin Dres, Alexandre Demoule and Laurent Brochard28. NIV in chronic COPD Enrico M. Clini, Nicolino Ambrosino, Ernesto Crisafulli and Guido Vagheggini29. Non-invasive ventilation in COPD: The importance of comorbidities and phenotypes Jean-Louis Pépin, Jean-Paul Janssens, Renaud Tamisier, Damien Viglino, Dan Adler and Jean-Christian Borel30. High-intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation Sarah Bettina Schwarz, Friederike Sophie Magnet and Wolfram WindischPART 6: HYPOXAEMIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE 31. Home oxygen therapy in chronic respiratory failure Jadwiga A. Wedzicha and Mark W. Elliott32. Acute oxygen therapy Mark W. Elliott33. High-flow oxygen therapy: Physiological effects and clinical evidence Nuttapol Rittayamai, Arnaud W. Thille and Laurent Brochard34. Equipment for oxygen therapy Jane Slough35. Non-invasive ventilation for hypoxaemic respiratory failure Massimo Antonelli and Giuseppe BelloPART 7: CARDIAC FAILURE 36. Acute heart failure syndrome Ross S. Archibald and Alasdair J. Gray37. Ventilation in chronic congestive cardiac failure Matthew T. NaughtonPART 8: NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE 38. Muscle disorders and ventilatory failure David Hilton-Jones39. Pathophysiology of respiratory failure in neuromuscular diseases Franco Laghi, Hameeda Shaikh and Dejan Radovanovic40. Slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases Vikram A. Padmanabhan and Joshua O. Benditt41. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Stephen C. Bourke and John Steer42. Duchenne muscular dystrophy Anita K. Simonds43. Central sleep apnoea Shahrokh Javaheri and Mark W. Elliott44. Mouthpiece ventilation for daytime ventilatory support Miguel R. Gonçalves and Tiago PintoPART 9: CHEST WALL DEFORMITY 45. Scoliosis William J. M. KinnearPART 10: OBESITY 46. Pathophysiology of respiratory failure in obesity Francesco Fanfulla47. Acute non-invasive ventilation in obesity-related respiratory failure Patrick B. Murphy and Nicholas Hart48. Non-invasive ventilation in acute and chronic respiratory failure due to obesity Juan Fernando Masa, Isabel Utrabo and Francisco Javier Gómez de TerrerosPART 11: OTHER CONDITIONS 49. Bronchiectasis and adult cystic fibrosis Sean Duffy, Frederic Jaffe and Gerard J. Criner50. Non-invasive ventilation in highly infectious conditions: Lessons from severe acute respiratory syndrome David S. C. Hui51. NIV in cancer patients Raffaele Scala, Uberto Maccari, Giuseppina Ciarleglio, Valentina Granese and Chiara Madioni52. Non-invasive ventilation in the elderly Erwan L’Her and Corinne Troadec-L’Her53. Post-surgery non-invasive ventilation Maria Laura Vega and Stefano Nava54. Trauma Umberto Lucangelo, Massimo Ferluga and Matteo Segat55. Spinal cord injuries Sven HirschfeldPART 12: PAEDIATRIC VENTILATORY FAILURE 56. Equipment and interfaces in children Alessandro Amaddeo, Annick Frapin and Brigitte Fauroux57. Chronic non-invasive ventilation for children Alessandro Amaddeo, Annick Frapin and Brigitte Fauroux58. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in children with acute respiratory failure Giorgio Conti, Marco Piastra and Silvia PulitanòPART 13: SPECIAL SITUATIONS 59. Bronchoscopy during non-invasive ventilation Massimo Antonelli and Giuseppe Bello60. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the obstetric population Bushra Mina, Daniel Zapata and David Wisa61. Diaphragm pacing (by phrenic nerve stimulation) Jésus Gonzalez-Bermejo62. Tracheostomy Piero Ceriana, Paolo Pelosi and Maria Vargas63. Swallowing and phonation during ventilation Hélène Prigent and Nicolas TerziPART 14: PROLONGED WEANING 64. End-of-life care and non-invasive ventilation Christina Faull65. Pathophysiology of weaning failure Theodoros I. Vassilakopoulos66. Non-invasive ventilation for weaning and extubation failure Scott K. Epstein67. Weaning strategies and protocols Michele Vitacca and Luca Barbano68. Specialised weaning units Aditi Satti, James Brown, Gerard J. Criner and Bernd Schönhofer69. Psychological problems during weaning Amal JubranPART 15: THE PHYSIOTHERAPIST AND ASSISTED VENTILATION 70. Respiratory physiotherapy (including cough assistance techniques and glossopharyngeal breathing) Miguel R. Gonçalves and João Carlos Winck71. Rehabilitation Rik Gosselink, Bruno Clerckx, T. Troosters, J. Segers and D. LangerPART 16: OUTCOME MEASURES 72. Health status and quality of life Wolfram WindischPART 17: THE PATIENT EXPERIENCE OF NIV 73. Psychological issues for the mechanically ventilated patient Linda L. Bieniek, Daniel F. Dilling and Bernd Schönhofer74. The patient’s journey Stefano Nava75. A patient’s journey: NIV Jeanette Erdmann and Andrea L. Klein76. A carer’s journey Gail Beacock and Patrick BeacockIndex