Social and Behavioral Science for Health Professionals

Dr. Brian P. Hinote serves as Professor & Vice Provost for Faculty & Strategic Initiatives at Middle Tennessee State University. In addition to clinical and research experience in areas as diverse as pediatrics, neurology, and cell biology, Dr. Hinote’s interdisciplinary work appears in multiple books and peer-reviewed journals in the social sciences, nursing, and medicine. His most recent work focuses on the various ways that social and behavioral science perspectives intersect and inform health care delivery and policy, clinical practice, and the work of various health professions. As a researcher and experienced educator, Dr. Hinote possesses valuable expertise working with students in various health fields as well as with health professionals already in the workforce.Dr. Jason Adam Wasserman is Dean's Distinguished Professor, Department of Foundational Medical Studies at Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, where he teaches bioethics and medical sociology. He also chairs the admissions committee for the medical school and serves as faculty advisor on professionalism. His scholarly work focuses on clinical ethics decision making, medical professionalism, the medicalization of homelessness, and the sociological impacts of the epidemiological transition on medicine. His first boo, At Home on the Street, explored sociological phenomena surrounding street homelessness.

Social and Behavioral Science for Health Professionals demonstrates what the social sciences have to offer people preparing for health professions. It brings frameworks, concepts, and research to analysis of health issues and presents this knowledge in a manner that can be used to inform health practice

• Foreword PrefaceAcknowledgmentsPART I Foundations of Social Science and HealthCHAPTER 1 Introduction to Health and the Sociological Imagination Learning Objectives A Multidimensional Approach to Health and Health Care The Sociological Imagination Bringing the Sociological Imagination into Focus Critically Analyzing Health and Health Care The Paradox of American Health Care Health Care as a Social Institution Organization of the Book Activity—Exercising the Sociological Imagination Discussion Questions CHAPTER 2 The Shifting Landscape of Health and Medicine: Past, Present, and Future Learning Objectives Introduction Medicine before Modernity Premodern Thinking Humoral Medicine The Advent of Modernity The Birth of Modern Medicine The Rise of Modern Clinical Practice Education for Medical and Allied Health Professions The Business of Modern Health Care A Shifting Landscape of Health and Disease Disruptive Illness: Chronic Disease and Incalculable Risk Changing Disease Profiles The Consequences of Incalculability The End of Modern(ist) Health Care: Clinical Practice in the Chronic Illness Era Conclusion Activity—Exercising One’s Epistemology: Seeing Disease through Premodern, Modern,and Postindustrial Frameworks Discussion Questions CHAPTER 3 The Logic and Methods of Empirical Research Learning Objectives The Statistical Imagination What Is Science? The Scientific Method In Pursuit of Causality Covariation Eliminating Spuriousness Time Order Classic Experimental Design Clinical Trials Other Research Designs Quasi-Experimental Methods Correlational and Cross-Sectional Methods Pre-experimental Methods Qualitative Methods Research Translation: From Findings to Practice Does the Study Add to Our Understanding? Who Is Being Studied? Is the Research Design Appropriate? Is Systematic Bias Avoided or Minimized? Statistical Considerations Research Ethics Conclusion: Evidence-Based Medicine and the Statistical Imagination Activity—Thinking Critically about Research Discussion Questions PART II Social Epidemiology and Determinants of Health CHAPTER 4 Social Class and Health Learning Objectives The Social Determinants of Health Socioeconomic Status (SES) Social Class as a Fundamental Cause of Health and Disease Neighborhood Disadvantage and the Role of Clinical Practice Conclusion Activity—The Flint Water Crisis: The Many Dimensions of Class and Health Discussion Questions CHAPTER 5 A Matrix of Health Inequalities Learning Objectives Age Gender LGBTQ+ Race and Ethnicity Culture Conclusion: A Matrix of Inequalities Activity—Historical Memory, Inherited Culture, and Distrust of Health Care: The Tuberculosis Outbreak in Marion, Alabama Discussion Questions CHAPTER 6 Health Behavior and Lifestyles Learning Objectives A Renewed Emphasis on Health Behavior Explaining Health Behavior The Health Belief Model Alternative Models Process Models The Health Lifestyles Paradigm Implications for Health Care Practice Activity—Habitus and Health Behavior: How Can You Get Janek Polakow to Diet and Exercise? Discussion QuestionsPART III Social Science in Clinical Practice CHAPTER 7 Power, Medicalization, and Clinical Practice Learning Objectives Introduction Medicalization Power in the Clinic Two Forms of Power The Clinical Functions of Power Medicalization, Social Control, and Overdiagnosis Conclusion: Dilemmas of Difference Activity—Risks, Benefits, and Perspective: Navigating the Autism Spectrum Discussion Questions CHAPTER 8 The Illness Experiences of Patients and Families Learning Objectives The Illness Experience of Patients Grief in Health Care Illness and Identity Families and Caregiving Caregiving Burden The Stress Process Model Conclusion: Disease and Illness, Patients and Persons Activity—The Illness Experience of Patients and Families Discussion Questions CHAPTER 9 The Social Dynamics of Clinical Communication Learning Objectives The Social Structure of Clinical Encounters The Influence of Age The Influence of Gender Gender and Sexual Identity The Influence of Socioeconomic Status The Influence of Race/Ethnicity The Influence of Culture Narrative and the Art of Clinical Practice Basic Interviewing TechniquesConclusion Activity—Eliciting Patient Narrative: Role-Play Activities Discussion Questions CHAPTER 10 Health Professions and Interprofessional Teamwork Learning Objectives Introduction: Specialization and Complexity Professions in Transition The Emergence of Professional Medicine The Deprofessionalization of Medicine Emerging Professions Problems within a Complex Professional Landscape Best Practices for Interprofessional Teamwork Conclusion: Beyond Checklists Activity—Teamwork and Patient Care: The Case of “Psycho Mike” Discussion Questions CHAPTER 11 Bioethics, Social Science, and Clinical Practice Learning Objectives Introduction The Emergence of Bioethics Principles of Biomedical Ethics and Beyond The Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics Other Forms of Ethical Reasoning and Decision-Making From Theory to Practice A Framework for Practical Bioethics The Social Psychology of Clinical Ethics Conclusion: The Bioethical Imagination Activity—Navigating Bioethical Decisions Discussion Questions PART IV Health Systems CHAPTER 12 Health Care Systems and Policy Learning Objectives Introduction System Goals Cost Access Quality Health Care in the United States Provider-Induced Demand and Overtreatment Patient-Induced Demand and Overtreatment Bureaucratic ComplexityJust Culture and Medical Error Conclusion: The End of Modern Health Care Activity—Systems-level Challenges in Health Care Discussion Questions CHAPTER 13 Comparative Health Care Systems Learning Objectives Health Care System Models The Mutual Aid Model The State Model The Professional Model The Corporatist Model Conclusion Activity—Matching Health System Design to the Health and Illness Landscape Discussion Questions CHAPTER 14 Conclusion Learning Objectives References Index