HOSSEIN G. ASKARI is Aryamehr Professor of International Business, The George Washington University. He is the author or coauthor of 14 earlier books and monographs.JOHN FORRER is Director of the Institute for Global Management and Research, The George Washington University. He has consulted extensivley on international energy and environmental issues.HILDY TEEGEN is Associate Professor of International Business at The George Washington University. She has written extensively on international negotiations and business partnerships and Latin American economic affairs.JIAWEN YANG is Assistant Professor of International Business, The George Washington University. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on exchange rate pass-through, international capital flows, and the financial crises in Latin America and Asia.

• PrefaceHistorical Perspectives on Economic SanctionsMultilateral Economic SanctionsDefinition, Philosophy, and Efficacy of Unilateral Economic SanctionsThe Impact of Economic Sanctions on TradeImpact of U.S. Economic Sanctions on Trade for the United States, the European Union (E.U.), and JapanConclusionAppendix 1: Sanctioned CountriesAppendix 2: Sanctioned Countries in the Hufbauer et al. (1997) StudyAppendix 3: U.S. Trade Arrangement with Other CountriesReferencesBibliographyAbout the Authors

HOSSEIN G. ASKARI is Aryamehr Professor of International Business, The George Washington University. He is the author or coauthor of 14 earlier books and monographs.JOHN FORRER is Director of the Institute for Global Management and Research, The George Washington University. He has consulted extensivley on international energy and environmental issues.HILDY TEEGEN is Associate Professor of International Business at The George Washington University. She has written extensively on international negotiations and business partnerships and Latin American economic affairs.JIAWEN YANG is Assistant Professor of International Business, The George Washington University. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on exchange rate pass-through, international capital flows, and the financial crises in Latin America and Asia.

• PrefaceHistorical Perspectives on Economic SanctionsMultilateral Economic SanctionsDefinition, Philosophy, and Efficacy of Unilateral Economic SanctionsThe Impact of Economic Sanctions on TradeImpact of U.S. Economic Sanctions on Trade for the United States, the European Union (E.U.), and JapanConclusionAppendix 1: Sanctioned CountriesAppendix 2: Sanctioned Countries in the Hufbauer et al. (1997) StudyAppendix 3: U.S. Trade Arrangement with Other CountriesReferencesBibliographyAbout the Authors

HOSSEIN G. ASKARI is Aryamehr Professor of International Business, The George Washington University. He is the author or coauthor of 14 earlier books and monographs.JOHN FORRER is Director of the Institute for Global Management and Research, The George Washington University. He has consulted extensivley on international energy and environmental issues.HILDY TEEGEN is Associate Professor of International Business at The George Washington University. She has written extensively on international negotiations and business partnerships and Latin American economic affairs.JIAWEN YANG is Assistant Professor of International Business, The George Washington University. He is the author of numerous articles and book chapters on exchange rate pass-through, international capital flows, and the financial crises in Latin America and Asia.

• PrefaceHistorical Perspectives on Economic SanctionsMultilateral Economic SanctionsDefinition, Philosophy, and Efficacy of Unilateral Economic SanctionsThe Impact of Economic Sanctions on TradeImpact of U.S. Economic Sanctions on Trade for the United States, the European Union (E.U.), and JapanConclusionAppendix 1: Sanctioned CountriesAppendix 2: Sanctioned Countries in the Hufbauer et al. (1997) StudyAppendix 3: U.S. Trade Arrangement with Other CountriesReferencesBibliographyAbout the Authors