Vahakn N. Dadrian (1926-2019) was director of a large Genocide Study Project sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the H. F. Guggenheim Foundation. He authored Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements in the Turko-Armenian Conflict (Transaction 1999) and co-authored with Taner Akçam of Judgment at Istanbul: The Armenian Genocide Trials (Berghahn, 2011). In 2005, he received four separate awards for his lifetime contribution to genocide studies. Vahakn Dadrian, who taught at the State University of New York (SUNY) system (1970-1991), was also Director of Genocide Research at the Zoryan Institute.

“…a highly detailed yet accessible account.” • Choice“…totally innovative … Dadrian exhibits exemplary objectivity and provides us with the fruits of a life of scholarship and research. An inestimable contribution to our knowledge of history.“ • Journal of the Society of Armenian Studies“…marshals considerable evidence to show how the development of the Turkish-Armenian conflict escalated to the point of genocide … Dadrian makes [an] important contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of the Ottoman decision to destroy its Armenian subjects.“ • MESA Bulletin“[The History of the Armenian Genocide] is without doubt the most important work ever done on this subject. [Dadrian's] painstaking archival work, and [his] wide reading in the relevant sources in Turkish, Armenian, German, French and English has no parallel. The book will stand as a monument parallel to Hilberg's master work, The Destruction of the European Jews … [He has] forced me to rethink the entire issue of comparisons and differences between the Armenian experience in World War I and the Jewish experience in World War II.“ • Steven T. Katz, Cornell University“…an outstanding piece of scholarship … based on years of meticulous study of primary sources…“ • Leo Kuper, University of California“…the author has pioneered the sociological study of the Armenian Genocide…“ • Roger Smith, College of William and Mary, Virginia

• AcknowledgementAbbreviationsPrefaceIntroductionPART I: HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION BY THE POWERS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEChapter 1. Islamic Sacred Law as a Matrix of Ottoman Legal Order and Nationality ConflictsChapter 2. Humanitarian Intervention as a Response to Nationality Conflicts in the BalkansChapter 3. Escalation of the Conflicts and Ottoman Palliatives: The Origins of the Eastern Question Foreshadowing the Armenian QuestionPART II: THE ORIGINS OF THE ARMENIAN QUESTION AND THE TURKO-ARMENIAN CONFLICTChapter 4. The Ill-Fated Internationalization of a Domestic Nationality ConflictChapter 5. The Interactive Dynamics of the Eastern and Armenian QuestionsPART III: THE DYSFUNCTIONS OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION IN THE RISE AND TREATMENT OF THE ARMENIAN QUESTIONChapter 6. Manipulative Diplomacy Supplanting the Ideals of Humanitarian InterventionChapter 7. The Impotence of Discordant Diplomacy: The Disconnective Vulnerabilities of the ArmeniansPART IV: THE INAUGURATION OF A PROTO-GENOCIDAL POLICYChapter 8. The Era of Abdul Hamit MassacresChapter 9. The Portentousness of the Abdul Hamit Era MassacresPART V: THE WARS AND MASSACRES OF THE NEW YOUNG TURK REGIME AND THE DEMISE OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTIONISMChapter 10. The 1909 Twin Adana MassacresChapter 11. The Eviction if the Turks from the Balkan Peninsula: A New Sense of Peril for AnatoliaPART VI: THE INITIATION AND CONSUMATION OF THE GENOCIDE UNDER COVER OF THE FIRST WORLD WARChapter 12. The Legal-Political Context of InitiationChapter 13. International Law as a Crucible of Legal LiabilitiesChapter 14. The Implementation of the GenocideChapter 15. The Disguises of the Law of Deportation and Ancillary ActsChapter 16. The Issue of German ComplicityPART VII: THE QUEST FOR JUSTICE IN THE AFTERMATH OF TURKISH MILITARY DEFEATChapter 17. Allied Attempts at Retributive JusticeChapter 18. The Recourse to the Machinery of Turkish JusticePART VIII: THE PUSH BEYOND DOMESTIC GENOCIDE. THE TARGETING OF THE RUSSIAN ARMENIANSChapter 19. The Ittihadist Thrust Against Russian ArmeniaChapter 20. The Kemalist Thrust Against Russian ArmeniaPART IX: A REVIEW OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVEChapter 21. The Saliency of Some of the Determinants of the Armenian GenocideChapter 22. Parallel Problems in the Post-War Prosecution of World War I German War CriminalsChapter 23. The Armenian Genocide in Relation to the Holocaust and the Nuremberg TrialsConclusionEpilogueBibliographySubject IndexNames Index

Vahakn N. Dadrian (1926-2019) was director of a large Genocide Study Project sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the H. F. Guggenheim Foundation. He authored Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements in the Turko-Armenian Conflict (Transaction 1999) and co-authored with Taner Akçam of Judgment at Istanbul: The Armenian Genocide Trials (Berghahn, 2011). In 2005, he received four separate awards for his lifetime contribution to genocide studies. Vahakn Dadrian, who taught at the State University of New York (SUNY) system (1970-1991), was also Director of Genocide Research at the Zoryan Institute.

“…a highly detailed yet accessible account.” • Choice“…totally innovative … Dadrian exhibits exemplary objectivity and provides us with the fruits of a life of scholarship and research. An inestimable contribution to our knowledge of history.“ • Journal of the Society of Armenian Studies“…marshals considerable evidence to show how the development of the Turkish-Armenian conflict escalated to the point of genocide … Dadrian makes [an] important contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of the Ottoman decision to destroy its Armenian subjects.“ • MESA Bulletin“[The History of the Armenian Genocide] is without doubt the most important work ever done on this subject. [Dadrian's] painstaking archival work, and [his] wide reading in the relevant sources in Turkish, Armenian, German, French and English has no parallel. The book will stand as a monument parallel to Hilberg's master work, The Destruction of the European Jews … [He has] forced me to rethink the entire issue of comparisons and differences between the Armenian experience in World War I and the Jewish experience in World War II.“ • Steven T. Katz, Cornell University“…an outstanding piece of scholarship … based on years of meticulous study of primary sources…“ • Leo Kuper, University of California“…the author has pioneered the sociological study of the Armenian Genocide…“ • Roger Smith, College of William and Mary, Virginia

• AcknowledgementAbbreviationsPrefaceIntroductionPART I: HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION BY THE POWERS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEChapter 1. Islamic Sacred Law as a Matrix of Ottoman Legal Order and Nationality ConflictsChapter 2. Humanitarian Intervention as a Response to Nationality Conflicts in the BalkansChapter 3. Escalation of the Conflicts and Ottoman Palliatives: The Origins of the Eastern Question Foreshadowing the Armenian QuestionPART II: THE ORIGINS OF THE ARMENIAN QUESTION AND THE TURKO-ARMENIAN CONFLICTChapter 4. The Ill-Fated Internationalization of a Domestic Nationality ConflictChapter 5. The Interactive Dynamics of the Eastern and Armenian QuestionsPART III: THE DYSFUNCTIONS OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION IN THE RISE AND TREATMENT OF THE ARMENIAN QUESTIONChapter 6. Manipulative Diplomacy Supplanting the Ideals of Humanitarian InterventionChapter 7. The Impotence of Discordant Diplomacy: The Disconnective Vulnerabilities of the ArmeniansPART IV: THE INAUGURATION OF A PROTO-GENOCIDAL POLICYChapter 8. The Era of Abdul Hamit MassacresChapter 9. The Portentousness of the Abdul Hamit Era MassacresPART V: THE WARS AND MASSACRES OF THE NEW YOUNG TURK REGIME AND THE DEMISE OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTIONISMChapter 10. The 1909 Twin Adana MassacresChapter 11. The Eviction if the Turks from the Balkan Peninsula: A New Sense of Peril for AnatoliaPART VI: THE INITIATION AND CONSUMATION OF THE GENOCIDE UNDER COVER OF THE FIRST WORLD WARChapter 12. The Legal-Political Context of InitiationChapter 13. International Law as a Crucible of Legal LiabilitiesChapter 14. The Implementation of the GenocideChapter 15. The Disguises of the Law of Deportation and Ancillary ActsChapter 16. The Issue of German ComplicityPART VII: THE QUEST FOR JUSTICE IN THE AFTERMATH OF TURKISH MILITARY DEFEATChapter 17. Allied Attempts at Retributive JusticeChapter 18. The Recourse to the Machinery of Turkish JusticePART VIII: THE PUSH BEYOND DOMESTIC GENOCIDE. THE TARGETING OF THE RUSSIAN ARMENIANSChapter 19. The Ittihadist Thrust Against Russian ArmeniaChapter 20. The Kemalist Thrust Against Russian ArmeniaPART IX: A REVIEW OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVEChapter 21. The Saliency of Some of the Determinants of the Armenian GenocideChapter 22. Parallel Problems in the Post-War Prosecution of World War I German War CriminalsChapter 23. The Armenian Genocide in Relation to the Holocaust and the Nuremberg TrialsConclusionEpilogueBibliographySubject IndexNames Index

Vahakn N. Dadrian (1926-2019) was director of a large Genocide Study Project sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the H. F. Guggenheim Foundation. He authored Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements in the Turko-Armenian Conflict (Transaction 1999) and co-authored with Taner Akçam of Judgment at Istanbul: The Armenian Genocide Trials (Berghahn, 2011). In 2005, he received four separate awards for his lifetime contribution to genocide studies. Vahakn Dadrian, who taught at the State University of New York (SUNY) system (1970-1991), was also Director of Genocide Research at the Zoryan Institute.

“…a highly detailed yet accessible account.” • Choice“…totally innovative … Dadrian exhibits exemplary objectivity and provides us with the fruits of a life of scholarship and research. An inestimable contribution to our knowledge of history.“ • Journal of the Society of Armenian Studies“…marshals considerable evidence to show how the development of the Turkish-Armenian conflict escalated to the point of genocide … Dadrian makes [an] important contribution to our understanding of the dynamics of the Ottoman decision to destroy its Armenian subjects.“ • MESA Bulletin“[The History of the Armenian Genocide] is without doubt the most important work ever done on this subject. [Dadrian's] painstaking archival work, and [his] wide reading in the relevant sources in Turkish, Armenian, German, French and English has no parallel. The book will stand as a monument parallel to Hilberg's master work, The Destruction of the European Jews … [He has] forced me to rethink the entire issue of comparisons and differences between the Armenian experience in World War I and the Jewish experience in World War II.“ • Steven T. Katz, Cornell University“…an outstanding piece of scholarship … based on years of meticulous study of primary sources…“ • Leo Kuper, University of California“…the author has pioneered the sociological study of the Armenian Genocide…“ • Roger Smith, College of William and Mary, Virginia

• AcknowledgementAbbreviationsPrefaceIntroductionPART I: HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION BY THE POWERS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEChapter 1. Islamic Sacred Law as a Matrix of Ottoman Legal Order and Nationality ConflictsChapter 2. Humanitarian Intervention as a Response to Nationality Conflicts in the BalkansChapter 3. Escalation of the Conflicts and Ottoman Palliatives: The Origins of the Eastern Question Foreshadowing the Armenian QuestionPART II: THE ORIGINS OF THE ARMENIAN QUESTION AND THE TURKO-ARMENIAN CONFLICTChapter 4. The Ill-Fated Internationalization of a Domestic Nationality ConflictChapter 5. The Interactive Dynamics of the Eastern and Armenian QuestionsPART III: THE DYSFUNCTIONS OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION IN THE RISE AND TREATMENT OF THE ARMENIAN QUESTIONChapter 6. Manipulative Diplomacy Supplanting the Ideals of Humanitarian InterventionChapter 7. The Impotence of Discordant Diplomacy: The Disconnective Vulnerabilities of the ArmeniansPART IV: THE INAUGURATION OF A PROTO-GENOCIDAL POLICYChapter 8. The Era of Abdul Hamit MassacresChapter 9. The Portentousness of the Abdul Hamit Era MassacresPART V: THE WARS AND MASSACRES OF THE NEW YOUNG TURK REGIME AND THE DEMISE OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTIONISMChapter 10. The 1909 Twin Adana MassacresChapter 11. The Eviction if the Turks from the Balkan Peninsula: A New Sense of Peril for AnatoliaPART VI: THE INITIATION AND CONSUMATION OF THE GENOCIDE UNDER COVER OF THE FIRST WORLD WARChapter 12. The Legal-Political Context of InitiationChapter 13. International Law as a Crucible of Legal LiabilitiesChapter 14. The Implementation of the GenocideChapter 15. The Disguises of the Law of Deportation and Ancillary ActsChapter 16. The Issue of German ComplicityPART VII: THE QUEST FOR JUSTICE IN THE AFTERMATH OF TURKISH MILITARY DEFEATChapter 17. Allied Attempts at Retributive JusticeChapter 18. The Recourse to the Machinery of Turkish JusticePART VIII: THE PUSH BEYOND DOMESTIC GENOCIDE. THE TARGETING OF THE RUSSIAN ARMENIANSChapter 19. The Ittihadist Thrust Against Russian ArmeniaChapter 20. The Kemalist Thrust Against Russian ArmeniaPART IX: A REVIEW OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVEChapter 21. The Saliency of Some of the Determinants of the Armenian GenocideChapter 22. Parallel Problems in the Post-War Prosecution of World War I German War CriminalsChapter 23. The Armenian Genocide in Relation to the Holocaust and the Nuremberg TrialsConclusionEpilogueBibliographySubject IndexNames Index