Turbulence is a type of fluid (gas or liquid) flow in which the fluid undergoes irregular fluctuations, or mixing, in contrast to laminar flow, in which the fluid moves in smooth paths or layers. In turbulent flow the speed of the fluid at a point is continuously undergoing changes in both magnitude and direction. The flow of wind and rivers is generally turbulent in this sense, even if the currents are gentle. The air or water swirls and eddies while its overall bulk moves along a specific direction. This book will give the reader new insights into this natural phenomenon that occurs everyday yet is a puzzle that is not yet fully resolved in classical physics. Among the applications included are: fluid dynamics, aerodynamics, atmospheric and climatology research.
