Robert C. O'Reilly, MD, FACS, is the Director of the Balance and Vestibular program at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.Dr. O'Reilly is a graduate of Thomas Jefferson University Medical School (1990) and completed residency in Otolaryngology at the same institution. He completed a fellowship in Neurotology at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and is board certified in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery.Thierry Morlet, PhD is the Head of the Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoutics Laboratory at A.I. duPont Hospital for Children (Wilmington, DE) and Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of Delaware.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Thierry Morlet earned his PhD in the neuroscience program at the University of Lyon in France in 1997. He is a neuroscientist whose area of expertise is human auditory physiology. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Sharon L. Cushing is a full time paediatric otolaryngologist at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, and an Associate Professor and Clinician Investigator in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Toronto. She is the Director of the Cochlear Implant Program at the Hospital for Sick Children. Dr. Cushing has a clinical and surgical interest in disorders of the external, middle and inner ear, including hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Her research interest include vestibular and balance function and dysfunction in children, and its association with hearing loss and cochlear implantation. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Jacob R. Brodsky, MD, FACS, FAAP is an Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School, a Pediatric Otolaryngologist in the Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement at Boston Children’s Hospital, and the Director of the Balance and Vestibular Program at Boston Children’s Hospital.Dr. Brodsky’s clinical and academic work focuses on disorders of the middle and inner ear, including the medical and surgical management of hearing loss and vestibular disorders. He has published widely on these topics and routinely presents his work at national and international meetings. He has a particular research interest on the effects of concussion and head trauma on the inner ear. He is the director of the Balance and Vestibular Program and co-coordinator of the Multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic at Boston Children’s Hospital. Dr. Brodsky completed his Otolaryngology residency at Upstate Medical University in 2011 and his Pediatric Otolaryngology fellowship at Boston Children’s Hospital in 2012.

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• PrefaceAcknowledgementsEditor’s BiographiesContributorsSection I. Basic MechanismsChapter 1. Anatomy and Embryology of the Vestibular ApparatusRichard Vincent, Huseyin Isildak, Michael TeixidoChapter 2. Physiology and Maturation of Balance MechanismsThierry MorletSection II. Clinical EvaluationChapter 3. Vestibular Adaptation and CompensationJames O. PhillipsChapter 4. History and Physical Examination of the Child with a Balance DisorderSharon L. Cushing, Jessica Levi, and Robert C. O'ReillyChapter 5. VNG/ENG Testing with Children Emily ZwickyChapter 6. Rotary Chair TestingJames O. PhillipsChapter 7. Video Head Impulse Testing (vHIT)Guangwei Zhou, Violette Lavender, and Vincent WettsteinChapter 8. Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing (VEMP) TestingSylvette Wiener-Vacher and Guangwei ZhouChapter 9. Static Balance: Computerized Dynamic PosturographyEugen Ionescu, Pierre Reynard, Nathalie Goulème, and Hung Thai-VanSection III. Pediatric Vestibular DisorderChapter 10. Dynamic Balance and Gross Motor AssessmentAnne Scofich and Renee HaldenbyChapter 11. Gait AnalysisJohn Henley, Tim Niiler, and Freeman MillerChapter 12. New Horizons for the Evaluation of Functional Balance, Self-Motion Perception, Navigation, and MobilityL. Campos, Claire McSweeny, Karen A. Gordon, and Sharon L. CushingChapter 13. Genetics and Metabolism in Pediatric Balance DisordersLance H. Rodan and Melissa RamockiChapter 14. Peripheral Vestibular DysfunctionSharon L. Cushing and Jane LeaChapter 15. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)Sophie Lipson and Jacob R. BrodskyChapter 16. Vestibular Migraine and the Pediatric Migraine VariantsHenri Traboulsi, Margaretha Casselbrant, and Jacob R. BrodskyChapter 17. Vestibular Dysfunction in Pediatric ConcussionJacob R. BrodskyChapter 18. Structural Lesions of the Central Nervous SystemShelly Wang and George M. IbrahimChapter 19. Neurodegenerative DiseasesDavid R. Lynch, Abigail Lynch, and Kimberly SchadtChapter 20. Seizure DisordersChristina Y. GoSection IV. TreatmentChapter 21. Pediatric Movement DisordersTeesta Soman and Ana Marissa Lagman-BartolomeChapter 22. Ocular and Oculomotility Abnormalities in ChildrenY. Arun ReginaldChapter 23. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)Stephanie Moody AntonioChapter 24. Vertigo, Dizziness and Mental HealthGillian Liberman, Wanda A. Dillon, Philip Gerretsen, and Sharon L. CushingChapter 25. Multisensory DeficitsJoan VertesChapter 26. Vestibular RehabilitationMichael KarlChapter 27. Environmental AdaptationsJanet Woodhouse, Morai Pena, and Nicole LapradeChapter 28. Current and Future Research and ChallengesSharon L. Cushing and Robert C. O’ReillySelf-Assessment Answer KeyIndex

Robert C. O'Reilly, MD, FACS, is the Director of the Balance and Vestibular program at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.Dr. O'Reilly is a graduate of Thomas Jefferson University Medical School (1990) and completed residency in Otolaryngology at the same institution. He completed a fellowship in Neurotology at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and is board certified in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery.Thierry Morlet, PhD is the Head of the Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoutics Laboratory at A.I. duPont Hospital for Children (Wilmington, DE) and Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of Delaware.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Thierry Morlet earned his PhD in the neuroscience program at the University of Lyon in France in 1997. He is a neuroscientist whose area of expertise is human auditory physiology. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Sharon L. Cushing is a full time paediatric otolaryngologist at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, and an Associate Professor and Clinician Investigator in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Toronto. She is the Director of the Cochlear Implant Program at the Hospital for Sick Children. Dr. Cushing has a clinical and surgical interest in disorders of the external, middle and inner ear, including hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Her research interest include vestibular and balance function and dysfunction in children, and its association with hearing loss and cochlear implantation. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Jacob R. Brodsky, MD, FACS, FAAP is an Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School, a Pediatric Otolaryngologist in the Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement at Boston Children’s Hospital, and the Director of the Balance and Vestibular Program at Boston Children’s Hospital.Dr. Brodsky’s clinical and academic work focuses on disorders of the middle and inner ear, including the medical and surgical management of hearing loss and vestibular disorders. He has published widely on these topics and routinely presents his work at national and international meetings. He has a particular research interest on the effects of concussion and head trauma on the inner ear. He is the director of the Balance and Vestibular Program and co-coordinator of the Multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic at Boston Children’s Hospital. Dr. Brodsky completed his Otolaryngology residency at Upstate Medical University in 2011 and his Pediatric Otolaryngology fellowship at Boston Children’s Hospital in 2012.

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• PrefaceAcknowledgementsEditor’s BiographiesContributorsSection I. Basic MechanismsChapter 1. Anatomy and Embryology of the Vestibular ApparatusRichard Vincent, Huseyin Isildak, Michael TeixidoChapter 2. Physiology and Maturation of Balance MechanismsThierry MorletSection II. Clinical EvaluationChapter 3. Vestibular Adaptation and CompensationJames O. PhillipsChapter 4. History and Physical Examination of the Child with a Balance DisorderSharon L. Cushing, Jessica Levi, and Robert C. O'ReillyChapter 5. VNG/ENG Testing with Children Emily ZwickyChapter 6. Rotary Chair TestingJames O. PhillipsChapter 7. Video Head Impulse Testing (vHIT)Guangwei Zhou, Violette Lavender, and Vincent WettsteinChapter 8. Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing (VEMP) TestingSylvette Wiener-Vacher and Guangwei ZhouChapter 9. Static Balance: Computerized Dynamic PosturographyEugen Ionescu, Pierre Reynard, Nathalie Goulème, and Hung Thai-VanSection III. Pediatric Vestibular DisorderChapter 10. Dynamic Balance and Gross Motor AssessmentAnne Scofich and Renee HaldenbyChapter 11. Gait AnalysisJohn Henley, Tim Niiler, and Freeman MillerChapter 12. New Horizons for the Evaluation of Functional Balance, Self-Motion Perception, Navigation, and MobilityL. Campos, Claire McSweeny, Karen A. Gordon, and Sharon L. CushingChapter 13. Genetics and Metabolism in Pediatric Balance DisordersLance H. Rodan and Melissa RamockiChapter 14. Peripheral Vestibular DysfunctionSharon L. Cushing and Jane LeaChapter 15. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)Sophie Lipson and Jacob R. BrodskyChapter 16. Vestibular Migraine and the Pediatric Migraine VariantsHenri Traboulsi, Margaretha Casselbrant, and Jacob R. BrodskyChapter 17. Vestibular Dysfunction in Pediatric ConcussionJacob R. BrodskyChapter 18. Structural Lesions of the Central Nervous SystemShelly Wang and George M. IbrahimChapter 19. Neurodegenerative DiseasesDavid R. Lynch, Abigail Lynch, and Kimberly SchadtChapter 20. Seizure DisordersChristina Y. GoSection IV. TreatmentChapter 21. Pediatric Movement DisordersTeesta Soman and Ana Marissa Lagman-BartolomeChapter 22. Ocular and Oculomotility Abnormalities in ChildrenY. Arun ReginaldChapter 23. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)Stephanie Moody AntonioChapter 24. Vertigo, Dizziness and Mental HealthGillian Liberman, Wanda A. Dillon, Philip Gerretsen, and Sharon L. CushingChapter 25. Multisensory DeficitsJoan VertesChapter 26. Vestibular RehabilitationMichael KarlChapter 27. Environmental AdaptationsJanet Woodhouse, Morai Pena, and Nicole LapradeChapter 28. Current and Future Research and ChallengesSharon L. Cushing and Robert C. O’ReillySelf-Assessment Answer KeyIndex

Robert C. O'Reilly, MD, FACS, is the Director of the Balance and Vestibular program at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.Dr. O'Reilly is a graduate of Thomas Jefferson University Medical School (1990) and completed residency in Otolaryngology at the same institution. He completed a fellowship in Neurotology at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and is board certified in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery.Thierry Morlet, PhD is the Head of the Auditory Physiology and Psychoacoutics Laboratory at A.I. duPont Hospital for Children (Wilmington, DE) and Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of Delaware.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Thierry Morlet earned his PhD in the neuroscience program at the University of Lyon in France in 1997. He is a neuroscientist whose area of expertise is human auditory physiology. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Sharon L. Cushing is a full time paediatric otolaryngologist at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, and an Associate Professor and Clinician Investigator in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Toronto. She is the Director of the Cochlear Implant Program at the Hospital for Sick Children. Dr. Cushing has a clinical and surgical interest in disorders of the external, middle and inner ear, including hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Her research interest include vestibular and balance function and dysfunction in children, and its association with hearing loss and cochlear implantation. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Jacob R. Brodsky, MD, FACS, FAAP is an Assistant Professor of Otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School, a Pediatric Otolaryngologist in the Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement at Boston Children’s Hospital, and the Director of the Balance and Vestibular Program at Boston Children’s Hospital.Dr. Brodsky’s clinical and academic work focuses on disorders of the middle and inner ear, including the medical and surgical management of hearing loss and vestibular disorders. He has published widely on these topics and routinely presents his work at national and international meetings. He has a particular research interest on the effects of concussion and head trauma on the inner ear. He is the director of the Balance and Vestibular Program and co-coordinator of the Multidisciplinary Concussion Clinic at Boston Children’s Hospital. Dr. Brodsky completed his Otolaryngology residency at Upstate Medical University in 2011 and his Pediatric Otolaryngology fellowship at Boston Children’s Hospital in 2012.

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• PrefaceAcknowledgementsEditor’s BiographiesContributorsSection I. Basic MechanismsChapter 1. Anatomy and Embryology of the Vestibular ApparatusRichard Vincent, Huseyin Isildak, Michael TeixidoChapter 2. Physiology and Maturation of Balance MechanismsThierry MorletSection II. Clinical EvaluationChapter 3. Vestibular Adaptation and CompensationJames O. PhillipsChapter 4. History and Physical Examination of the Child with a Balance DisorderSharon L. Cushing, Jessica Levi, and Robert C. O'ReillyChapter 5. VNG/ENG Testing with Children Emily ZwickyChapter 6. Rotary Chair TestingJames O. PhillipsChapter 7. Video Head Impulse Testing (vHIT)Guangwei Zhou, Violette Lavender, and Vincent WettsteinChapter 8. Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing (VEMP) TestingSylvette Wiener-Vacher and Guangwei ZhouChapter 9. Static Balance: Computerized Dynamic PosturographyEugen Ionescu, Pierre Reynard, Nathalie Goulème, and Hung Thai-VanSection III. Pediatric Vestibular DisorderChapter 10. Dynamic Balance and Gross Motor AssessmentAnne Scofich and Renee HaldenbyChapter 11. Gait AnalysisJohn Henley, Tim Niiler, and Freeman MillerChapter 12. New Horizons for the Evaluation of Functional Balance, Self-Motion Perception, Navigation, and MobilityL. Campos, Claire McSweeny, Karen A. Gordon, and Sharon L. CushingChapter 13. Genetics and Metabolism in Pediatric Balance DisordersLance H. Rodan and Melissa RamockiChapter 14. Peripheral Vestibular DysfunctionSharon L. Cushing and Jane LeaChapter 15. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)Sophie Lipson and Jacob R. BrodskyChapter 16. Vestibular Migraine and the Pediatric Migraine VariantsHenri Traboulsi, Margaretha Casselbrant, and Jacob R. BrodskyChapter 17. Vestibular Dysfunction in Pediatric ConcussionJacob R. BrodskyChapter 18. Structural Lesions of the Central Nervous SystemShelly Wang and George M. IbrahimChapter 19. Neurodegenerative DiseasesDavid R. Lynch, Abigail Lynch, and Kimberly SchadtChapter 20. Seizure DisordersChristina Y. GoSection IV. TreatmentChapter 21. Pediatric Movement DisordersTeesta Soman and Ana Marissa Lagman-BartolomeChapter 22. Ocular and Oculomotility Abnormalities in ChildrenY. Arun ReginaldChapter 23. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)Stephanie Moody AntonioChapter 24. Vertigo, Dizziness and Mental HealthGillian Liberman, Wanda A. Dillon, Philip Gerretsen, and Sharon L. CushingChapter 25. Multisensory DeficitsJoan VertesChapter 26. Vestibular RehabilitationMichael KarlChapter 27. Environmental AdaptationsJanet Woodhouse, Morai Pena, and Nicole LapradeChapter 28. Current and Future Research and ChallengesSharon L. Cushing and Robert C. O’ReillySelf-Assessment Answer KeyIndex