Excavations in the Tyropoeon Valley 2003 (Givʿati Parking Lot—Area M) marks a significant milestone in the long-standing archaeological investigation of the City of David. The excavations conducted by Eli Shukron in the southern sector of the Givʿati Parking Lot from 2002 through 2003 represent the initial phase of what would evolve into one of the most extensive and continuous archaeological projects undertaken on the southeastern slope of ancient Jerusalem.In 2007, excavations at the Givʿati Parking Lot resumed under the direction of Doron Ben-Ami and Yana Tchekhanovets, gradually expanding from the point at which Shukron concluded his fieldwork to encompass the entirety of the site. This expansion enabled a broader interpretative framework, allowing for a more nuanced reconstruction of the diachronic occupation sequence. Shukron’s excavations were contextualized within a wider archaeological framework, contributing to a more integrated understanding of the site’s historical development. After nearly a decade of productive excavation, the project passed into the hands of a third team, which enhanced both the stratigraphic exposure and the interpretive clarity of key architectural and cultural phases. This series of Givʿati Parking Lot excavations exemplifies the persistent scholarly effort to uncover the history of Jerusalem’s earliest urban core, with each expedition contributing vital data to this continually evolving narrative.Beyond its significant contribution to the historical reconstruction of ancient Jerusalem, this volume also stands as a testament to the archaeologist’s professional responsibility to publish excavation results—a particularly vital endeavor at a site of such archaeological complexity and historical resonance.

Excavations in the Tyropoeon Valley 2003 (Givʿati Parking Lot—Area M) marks a significant milestone in the long-standing archaeological investigation of the City of David. The excavations conducted by Eli Shukron in the southern sector of the Givʿati Parking Lot from 2002 through 2003 represent the initial phase of what would evolve into one of the most extensive and continuous archaeological projects undertaken on the southeastern slope of ancient Jerusalem.In 2007, excavations at the Givʿati Parking Lot resumed under the direction of Doron Ben-Ami and Yana Tchekhanovets, gradually expanding from the point at which Shukron concluded his fieldwork to encompass the entirety of the site. This expansion enabled a broader interpretative framework, allowing for a more nuanced reconstruction of the diachronic occupation sequence. Shukron’s excavations were contextualized within a wider archaeological framework, contributing to a more integrated understanding of the site’s historical development. After nearly a decade of productive excavation, the project passed into the hands of a third team, which enhanced both the stratigraphic exposure and the interpretive clarity of key architectural and cultural phases. This series of Givʿati Parking Lot excavations exemplifies the persistent scholarly effort to uncover the history of Jerusalem’s earliest urban core, with each expedition contributing vital data to this continually evolving narrative.Beyond its significant contribution to the historical reconstruction of ancient Jerusalem, this volume also stands as a testament to the archaeologist’s professional responsibility to publish excavation results—a particularly vital endeavor at a site of such archaeological complexity and historical resonance.