Reetta Toivanen is an Adjunct Professor for social and cultural anthropology and a Finnish Academy Research Fellow at the Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Her main research interests are ethnic and language minorities, indigenous peoples, minority rights, revitalization and politics of recognition.Janne Saarikivi is a Fellow at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland. His research interests include historical linguistics, sociolinguistics and Finno-Ugrian languages.

This inspiring collection of chapters thematizes ethnic and linguistic variation as they are experienced today in a variety of contexts characterized by accelerating urbanization, rising literacy and the spread of new media. The book campaigns successfully for a freshly optimistic perspective on the future of the world’s linguistic diversity.

• 0. Reetta Toivanen and Janne Saarikivi: Introduction to New and Old Language Diversities inRussia and Europe: Language Endangerment, Variation and Change in Minority Communities in FluxI Language Communities or Networks of Communication? Old and New Linguistic Diversity1. Niko Partanen and Janne Saarikivi: Fragmentation of the Karelian Language and Its Community: Growing Variation at the Threshold of Language Shift2. Heini Lehtonen: What’s Up Helsinki? New Linguistic Diversity Among Adolescents3. Boglárka Janurik: Varieties of Erzya–Russian Code-Switching In Radio Vaygel Broadcasts4. Christian Pischlöger: Udmurt and Welsh on Social Network SitesII Standardizing Languages and Ethnicities: Mission Impossible?5. Hanna Lantto: A Tale of a City and Its Two Languages: A History of Bilingual Practices In the City Of Bilbao6. Oksana Myshlovska: Nationalizing Fluid and Ambiguous Identities: Russia, Western Ukraine and their Ukrainian and Russian Minorities, Diasporas and 'Compatriots Abroad'7. Erika Sarivaara: Emergent Sámi Identities – From Assimilation towards Revitalization8. Reetta Toivanen: Localizing the Global In the Superdiverse Municipalities in TheArtic: The Case of InariIII Language Revitalization: Protection Standards or Tolerance for Variation9. Konstantin Zamyatin: Russia’s Minority Education and the European Language Charter10. Johanna Laakso: Metadiversity, Or the Uniqueness of the Lambs11. Ulriikka Puura and Outi Tánczos: Division of Responsibility in Karelian and Veps Language Revitalization Discourse12. Svetlana Edygarova: Standard Language Ideology and Minority Languages: The Case Of The Permian Languages of Russia

Reetta Toivanen is an Adjunct Professor for social and cultural anthropology and a Finnish Academy Research Fellow at the Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Her main research interests are ethnic and language minorities, indigenous peoples, minority rights, revitalization and politics of recognition.Janne Saarikivi is a Fellow at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland. His research interests include historical linguistics, sociolinguistics and Finno-Ugrian languages.

This inspiring collection of chapters thematizes ethnic and linguistic variation as they are experienced today in a variety of contexts characterized by accelerating urbanization, rising literacy and the spread of new media. The book campaigns successfully for a freshly optimistic perspective on the future of the world’s linguistic diversity.

• 0. Reetta Toivanen and Janne Saarikivi: Introduction to New and Old Language Diversities inRussia and Europe: Language Endangerment, Variation and Change in Minority Communities in FluxI Language Communities or Networks of Communication? Old and New Linguistic Diversity1. Niko Partanen and Janne Saarikivi: Fragmentation of the Karelian Language and Its Community: Growing Variation at the Threshold of Language Shift2. Heini Lehtonen: What’s Up Helsinki? New Linguistic Diversity Among Adolescents3. Boglárka Janurik: Varieties of Erzya–Russian Code-Switching In Radio Vaygel Broadcasts4. Christian Pischlöger: Udmurt and Welsh on Social Network SitesII Standardizing Languages and Ethnicities: Mission Impossible?5. Hanna Lantto: A Tale of a City and Its Two Languages: A History of Bilingual Practices In the City Of Bilbao6. Oksana Myshlovska: Nationalizing Fluid and Ambiguous Identities: Russia, Western Ukraine and their Ukrainian and Russian Minorities, Diasporas and 'Compatriots Abroad'7. Erika Sarivaara: Emergent Sámi Identities – From Assimilation towards Revitalization8. Reetta Toivanen: Localizing the Global In the Superdiverse Municipalities in TheArtic: The Case of InariIII Language Revitalization: Protection Standards or Tolerance for Variation9. Konstantin Zamyatin: Russia’s Minority Education and the European Language Charter10. Johanna Laakso: Metadiversity, Or the Uniqueness of the Lambs11. Ulriikka Puura and Outi Tánczos: Division of Responsibility in Karelian and Veps Language Revitalization Discourse12. Svetlana Edygarova: Standard Language Ideology and Minority Languages: The Case Of The Permian Languages of Russia

Reetta Toivanen is an Adjunct Professor for social and cultural anthropology and a Finnish Academy Research Fellow at the Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Her main research interests are ethnic and language minorities, indigenous peoples, minority rights, revitalization and politics of recognition.Janne Saarikivi is a Fellow at the Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland. His research interests include historical linguistics, sociolinguistics and Finno-Ugrian languages.

This inspiring collection of chapters thematizes ethnic and linguistic variation as they are experienced today in a variety of contexts characterized by accelerating urbanization, rising literacy and the spread of new media. The book campaigns successfully for a freshly optimistic perspective on the future of the world’s linguistic diversity.

• 0. Reetta Toivanen and Janne Saarikivi: Introduction to New and Old Language Diversities inRussia and Europe: Language Endangerment, Variation and Change in Minority Communities in FluxI Language Communities or Networks of Communication? Old and New Linguistic Diversity1. Niko Partanen and Janne Saarikivi: Fragmentation of the Karelian Language and Its Community: Growing Variation at the Threshold of Language Shift2. Heini Lehtonen: What’s Up Helsinki? New Linguistic Diversity Among Adolescents3. Boglárka Janurik: Varieties of Erzya–Russian Code-Switching In Radio Vaygel Broadcasts4. Christian Pischlöger: Udmurt and Welsh on Social Network SitesII Standardizing Languages and Ethnicities: Mission Impossible?5. Hanna Lantto: A Tale of a City and Its Two Languages: A History of Bilingual Practices In the City Of Bilbao6. Oksana Myshlovska: Nationalizing Fluid and Ambiguous Identities: Russia, Western Ukraine and their Ukrainian and Russian Minorities, Diasporas and 'Compatriots Abroad'7. Erika Sarivaara: Emergent Sámi Identities – From Assimilation towards Revitalization8. Reetta Toivanen: Localizing the Global In the Superdiverse Municipalities in TheArtic: The Case of InariIII Language Revitalization: Protection Standards or Tolerance for Variation9. Konstantin Zamyatin: Russia’s Minority Education and the European Language Charter10. Johanna Laakso: Metadiversity, Or the Uniqueness of the Lambs11. Ulriikka Puura and Outi Tánczos: Division of Responsibility in Karelian and Veps Language Revitalization Discourse12. Svetlana Edygarova: Standard Language Ideology and Minority Languages: The Case Of The Permian Languages of Russia