Valter Carvelli has been Professor of Solid and Structural Mechanics at Politecnico di Milano in Italy since 2007. His main research activity is dedicated to the experimental measurement and numerical prediction of the mechanical properties of composites, with particular attention to the fatigue response.Atul Jain currently teaches in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. His interests lie in the intersection of manufacturing and mechanics of composites with a slight bias towards the latter.Stepan Lomov is Professor in the Department of Materials Engineering at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven) in Belgium and coordinator of the Composite Materials Group. He is a specialist in the experimental and theoretical mechanics of composite materials and textiles.

• Preface ixPart 1 Fatigue of Textile Composites 1Chapter 1 Fatigue Behavior and Damage Evolution of 2D and 3D Textile-Reinforced Composites 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Experimental methodologies 51.3. Fatigue behavior and damage evolution in 2D E-glass plain weave textile-reinforced epoxy composite 91.3.1 Quasi-static tensile behavior and damage observation 101.3.2 Fatigue life and damage metrics 151.3.3 Fatigue damage observation and evolution 181.3.4 Postfatigue mechanical properties and damage observation 211.4 Fatigue behavior and damage evolution in single-ply non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave E-glass reinforced epoxy composite 241.4.1 Quasi-static tensile behavior and damage observation 261.4.2 Fatigue life and damage metrics 341.4.3 Fatigue damage observation and evolution 401.4.4 Postfatigue mechanical properties and damage observation 441.5 Fatigue behavior and damage evolution in 3D rotary braided carbon reinforced epoxy composite 491.5.1 Quasi-static tensile behavior and damage observation 511.5.2 Fatigue life and damage metrics 551.5.3 Fatigue damage observation and evolution 581.5.4 Postfatigue mechanical properties 601.6 Fatigue behavior and damage evolution in non-crimp stitched and unstitched carbon reinforced epoxy composite 631.6.1 Quasi-static tensile behavior 641.6.2 Fatigue life and damage metrics 671.6.3 Fatigue damage observation and evolution 711.6.4 Postfatigue mechanical properties 731.7 Remarks and perspectives 781.8 Bibliography 80Chapter 2 Fatigue Limit: A Link to Quasi-Static Damage? 872.1 Fatigue limit 872.2 Damage development stages and load thresholds for quasi-static tension 902.3 Damage development in quasi-static tension and in the progression of fatigue loading 932.4 Experimental data on the fatigue limit and the quasi-static damage thresholds for textile composites 962.4.1 Fatigue limit for glass fiber reinforced composites 982.4.2 Fatigue limit for carbon fiber reinforced composites 1002.5 Summary and conclusion on the fatigue life limit 1022.6 Bibliography 104Part 2 Fatigue of Short Fiber Reinforced Composites 107Chapter 3 Experimental Observations of Fatigue of Short Fiber Reinforced Composites 1093.1 Injection molded SFRC 1103.2 SN curve behavior of SFRC 1133.2.1 Fiber-based parameters 1153.2.2 Loading-based parameters 1213.2.3 Environmental effects 1233.2.4 Specimen configurations 1253.3 Loss of stiffness 1273.3.1 Collection of loss of stiffness data 1313.3.2 Comparison of the loss of stiffness curves 1333.4 Future outlook and modeling strategy 1363.5 Bibliography 137Chapter 4 Fatigue Modeling of SFRC: A Master SN Curve Approach 1454.1 Overall framework and modeling strategy 1454.2 Choice of a mean field homogenization method 1514.2.1 Benchmarking of schemes with full FE solution 1534.3 Damage modeling 1574.3.1 Fiber–matrix debonding: equivalent bonded inclusion approach 1594.3.2 Matrix damage 1634.3.3 Validation 1634.4 MSNC approach 1654.4.1 Scaling of SN curves using the endurance limit 1664.4.2 MSNC approach 1684.4.3 Validation 1734.4.4 Comparison of the MSNC scheme with other schemes 1774.5 Component-level simulations 1814.6 Conclusions and future outlook 1844.7 Bibliography 185Index 195

Valter Carvelli has been Professor of Solid and Structural Mechanics at Politecnico di Milano in Italy since 2007. His main research activity is dedicated to the experimental measurement and numerical prediction of the mechanical properties of composites, with particular attention to the fatigue response.Atul Jain currently teaches in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur. His interests lie in the intersection of manufacturing and mechanics of composites with a slight bias towards the latter.Stepan Lomov is Professor in the Department of Materials Engineering at the University of Leuven (KU Leuven) in Belgium and coordinator of the Composite Materials Group. He is a specialist in the experimental and theoretical mechanics of composite materials and textiles.

• Preface ixPart 1 Fatigue of Textile Composites 1Chapter 1 Fatigue Behavior and Damage Evolution of 2D and 3D Textile-Reinforced Composites 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Experimental methodologies 51.3. Fatigue behavior and damage evolution in 2D E-glass plain weave textile-reinforced epoxy composite 91.3.1 Quasi-static tensile behavior and damage observation 101.3.2 Fatigue life and damage metrics 151.3.3 Fatigue damage observation and evolution 181.3.4 Postfatigue mechanical properties and damage observation 211.4 Fatigue behavior and damage evolution in single-ply non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave E-glass reinforced epoxy composite 241.4.1 Quasi-static tensile behavior and damage observation 261.4.2 Fatigue life and damage metrics 341.4.3 Fatigue damage observation and evolution 401.4.4 Postfatigue mechanical properties and damage observation 441.5 Fatigue behavior and damage evolution in 3D rotary braided carbon reinforced epoxy composite 491.5.1 Quasi-static tensile behavior and damage observation 511.5.2 Fatigue life and damage metrics 551.5.3 Fatigue damage observation and evolution 581.5.4 Postfatigue mechanical properties 601.6 Fatigue behavior and damage evolution in non-crimp stitched and unstitched carbon reinforced epoxy composite 631.6.1 Quasi-static tensile behavior 641.6.2 Fatigue life and damage metrics 671.6.3 Fatigue damage observation and evolution 711.6.4 Postfatigue mechanical properties 731.7 Remarks and perspectives 781.8 Bibliography 80Chapter 2 Fatigue Limit: A Link to Quasi-Static Damage? 872.1 Fatigue limit 872.2 Damage development stages and load thresholds for quasi-static tension 902.3 Damage development in quasi-static tension and in the progression of fatigue loading 932.4 Experimental data on the fatigue limit and the quasi-static damage thresholds for textile composites 962.4.1 Fatigue limit for glass fiber reinforced composites 982.4.2 Fatigue limit for carbon fiber reinforced composites 1002.5 Summary and conclusion on the fatigue life limit 1022.6 Bibliography 104Part 2 Fatigue of Short Fiber Reinforced Composites 107Chapter 3 Experimental Observations of Fatigue of Short Fiber Reinforced Composites 1093.1 Injection molded SFRC 1103.2 SN curve behavior of SFRC 1133.2.1 Fiber-based parameters 1153.2.2 Loading-based parameters 1213.2.3 Environmental effects 1233.2.4 Specimen configurations 1253.3 Loss of stiffness 1273.3.1 Collection of loss of stiffness data 1313.3.2 Comparison of the loss of stiffness curves 1333.4 Future outlook and modeling strategy 1363.5 Bibliography 137Chapter 4 Fatigue Modeling of SFRC: A Master SN Curve Approach 1454.1 Overall framework and modeling strategy 1454.2 Choice of a mean field homogenization method 1514.2.1 Benchmarking of schemes with full FE solution 1534.3 Damage modeling 1574.3.1 Fiber–matrix debonding: equivalent bonded inclusion approach 1594.3.2 Matrix damage 1634.3.3 Validation 1634.4 MSNC approach 1654.4.1 Scaling of SN curves using the endurance limit 1664.4.2 MSNC approach 1684.4.3 Validation 1734.4.4 Comparison of the MSNC scheme with other schemes 1774.5 Component-level simulations 1814.6 Conclusions and future outlook 1844.7 Bibliography 185Index 195