Technicity vs Scientificity

Giulia Anichini is a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie (CIRST) in Montreal, Canada.Flavia Carraro is a postdoctoral researcher at the Research Institute for the History of Technology and Science, Deutsches Museum, Munich, Germany.Philippe Geslin is Professor at the Neuchâtel University of Applied Sciences in Switzerland.Georges Guille-Escuret is Director of Research at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS).

• Introduction    ixChapter 1 The Artisan, the Sage and the Irony: An Outline of Knowledge Sociogenesis     1Georges GUILLE-ESCURET1.1 Knowledge sociogenesis? Necessary introduction  21.1.1 Evolution, history and conjecture: Radcliffe–Brown’s block   31.1.2 Techniques outside science, science outside techniques    51.2 Extra-human or peri-human technicities    81.2.1 Involuntary society and impersonal knowledge: termite mound and workers    81.2.2 Techniques and culture in chimpanzees    101.3 Junctions, divergences and disparities     111.3.1 Putting words to action?   121.3.2 Diversity and disparity, conjunction and separation    171.4 Forming a triangle: technique, science and ideology  231.4.1 Astronomers and architects, priests and administrators    251.4.2 Logic and theory without technique: first birth  301.4.3 Science thanks to techniques: second birth   341.5 The abandoned mystery: “technicity”  381.5.1 Immediate markers of technicity  401.5.2 Technicity, scientificity and ideology: the distinction of functions with overlapping roles   441.6 Technocracy and scientificity   471.6.1 Technocracy: two perspectives in the 1960s   481.6.2 Technosciences: the example of molecular biology 511.7 The wilting of science, for lack of dissidence   54Chapter 2 Technicization of the Neurosciences: Uses of Image-Processing Software in Brain Research    57Giulia ANICHINI2.1 Setting the scene Neuroanatomy: from scalpel to screen    592.2 The categories challenged by practices    622.3 Sulcal morphometry: between automation and scientific expertise   642.3.1 Recovery and creation of “raw” data    642.3.2 Production of the “mask”   662.3.3 Choosing “normal” brain images  682.3.4 Labeling the sulci     722.4 Comparing brain networks: theory in database exploration    772.4.1 Defining the variables and comparing the groups of images    812.4.2 Data bricolage  872.5 Conclusions   90Chapter 3 Cryptography, a Human Science? Models, Matrices, Tools and Frames of Reference    97Flavia CARRARO3.1 Decipherment between science and technique, discovery and invention     983.1.1 Cryptographies between war and peace    993.1.2 An exemplary case: the decipherment of Linear B 1033.2 The decipherer, the result and the procedure: the impossible solution and the technical compromise  1063.3 The Grid, tool, instrument and machine, and the regime of proofs and tests     1123.4 An applied and interdisciplinary internal and collective analysis   1203.5 The patterns and mechanics of the documents   1293.6 Scribes’ hands and autopsy of the tablets    1383.7 Technomycenology     1443.7.1 Cuts of pertinence and relays, frames of reference and hierarchies   1453.7.2 Prince Charming and the scribe of Minos   149Chapter 4 The Beauty of Equation: The Anthropologist and the Engineer in Design Processes     155Philippe GESLIN4.1 The “beauty of equation”    1604.2 Eleven outlines for the harmony of the equation   1634.2.1 First outline: the circulation of technical objects orients future uses   1634.2.2 Second outline: circulation can correct the “mistakes” or lack of a design process     1644.2.3 Third outline: circulation can encourage certain material, but also discursive expansions   1654.2.4 Fourth outline: circulation determines regimes of familiarity and temporality that summarize technological standardization They can, in certain cases, contribute to the birth of technoscapes    1664.2.5 Fifth outline: the experience of techniques is the knowledge that their deciders, or the public, have, and not necessarily those who directly use it  1684.2.6 Sixth outline: in the framework of circulating a technical object, it is always through the element that constitutes it and that is the most deterritorialized in relation to the context of receipt that specific forms of appropriation are noted  1694.2.7 Seventh outline: the choice of the name given to a technical object before projects may constrain the design processes and its appropriation mechanisms    1704.2.8 Eighth outline: the relationships between things are just as much the object of experiments as the things themselves   1714.2.9 Ninth outline: the imitation principle underlies the circulation of things and their “scale-up”     1724.2.10 Tenth outline: the proposed solutions are both the process that will lead to concrete transformations and its most visible results    1734.2.11 Eleventh outline: the implementation of the sociotechnical points of reference proposed by the anthropologist and their materialization favor “acting together” and “testing the sensitive”    1754.3 The blue note…  176Conclusion     179Bibliography    185Index 203