Energy and Mass Transfers

Balance Sheet Approach and Basic Concepts, Volume 1

Inbunden, Engelska, 2018

1 749 kr

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Beskrivning

This is the first book of a series aiming at setting the basics for energy engineering. This book presents the fundamentals of heat and mass transfer with a step-by-step approach, based on material and energy balances. While the topic of heat and mass transfer is an old subject, the way the book introduces the concepts, linking them strongly to the real world and to the present concerns, is particular. The scope of the different developments keeps in mind a practical energy engineering view.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2018-06-01
Mått:163 x 239 x 25 mm
Vikt:703 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:368
Förlag:ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN:9781786302748

Utforska kategorier

Fysik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Mer om författaren

Abdelhanine Benallou, école des mines, Morocco.

Innehållsförteckning

Preface ixIntroduction xiiiChapter 1. Basic Concepts and Balances 11.1. Thermal energy and the first law of thermodynamics 11.2. Thermal energy and the second law of thermodynamics 21.3. For an energy and mass accounting: balances 31.3.1. Accounting principles for system inputs and outputs 41.3.2. Accumulation in the system 81.3.3. Generation in a system 111.3.4. Balance equation 151.4. Fluxes and flux densities 201.4.1. Energy fluxes 201.4.2. Mass fluxes 201.4.3. Flux densities 201.5. Operating states 251.5.1. Steady state 251.5.2. Transient state 251.6. Transfer area 281.6.1. What does the transfer area represent? 281.6.2. Illustration: transfer area in a heat exchanger 281.6.3. Illustration: transfer area inferred from a technical drawing 301.7. Driving potential difference 311.7.1. Heat transfer potential difference 321.7.2. Mass transfer potential difference 341.8. Exercises and solutions 381.9. Reading: seawater desalination 751.9.1. Level of purification 751.9.2. Water sources used 761.9.3. Water characteristics according to the source 761.9.4. Several techniques 761.9.5. Energy cost: the decisive factor 761.9.6. A promising outlook 77Chapter 2. Mechanisms and Laws of Heat Transfer 792.1. Introduction 792.2. Mechanism and law of conduction 792.3. Mechanism and law of convection 832.3.1. Examples 832.3.2. Law of convection 842.3.3. Forced convection versus natural convection 842.4. Radiation transfer mechanism 852.4.1. Correction to take account of the nature of the surface 872.4.2. Geometric correction: the view factor 872.4.3. Radiation transfer between black surfaces under total influence 892.4.4. Radiation transfer between black surfaces in arbitrary positions 902.4.5. Radiation transfer between gray surfaces in arbitrary positions 912.5. Exercises and solutions 922.6. Reading: Joseph Fourier 112Chapter 3. Mass Transfer Mechanisms and Processes 1153.1. Introduction 1153.2. Classification of mass transfer mechanisms 1163.3. Transfer mechanisms in single-phase systems 1173.3.1. The vacancy mechanism 1173.3.2. The interstitial mechanism 1183.3.3. Random walk 1183.3.4. The kinetic model 1183.3.5. The quantum model 1203.4. Mass transfer processes in single-phase media 1223.4.1. Transfer under the action of a concentration gradient: osmosis 1223.4.2. Transfer under the action of a pressure gradient: ultrafiltration 1273.4.3. Dialysis 1343.4.4. Thermal gradient diffusion 1393.4.5. Diffusion by a gradient of force: centrifugation 1413.4.6. Electromagnetic diffusion 1433.4.7. Laminar flux transfer 1443.4.8. Laser transfer 1453.4.9. Transfer under the action of an electric field: electrodialysis 1463.5. Mechanisms and processes in two-phase media 1543.5.1. Distillation 1543.5.2. Absorption mass transfer 1653.6. Exercises and solutions 1763.7. Reading: uranium enrichment 2173.7.1. Uranium as a fuel 2173.7.2. Uranium in nature 2173.7.3. Natural-uranium reactors 2173.7.4. Pressurized-water reactors 2183.7.5. Fast-neutron reactors 2183.7.6. Classification of uranium enrichments 2183.7.7. Uranium enrichment processes 2193.7.8. The uranium enrichment industry 219Chapter 4. Dimensional Analysis 2214.1. Introduction 2214.2. Basic dimensions 2224.3. Dimensions of derived magnitudes 2224.4. Dimensional analysis of an expression 2254.4.1. Illustration: determining the dimensions of λ 2254.4.2. Illustration: determining the dimensions of h 2254.5. Unit systems and conversions 2264.5.1. Illustration: dimensions and units of energy 2274.5.2. Illustration: units of heat conductivity λ 2274.5.3. Illustration: units of the convective transfer coefficient h 2284.6. Dimensionless numbers 2294.6.1. The Reynolds number 2304.6.2. The Nusselt number 2314.6.3. The Prandtl number 2314.6.4. The Peclet number 2314.6.5. The Grashof number 2324.6.6. The Rayleigh number 2334.6.7. The Stanton number 2334.6.8. The Graetz number 2344.6.9. The Biot number 2344.6.10. The Fourier number 2344.6.11. The Elenbaas number 2354.6.12. The Froude number 2354.6.13. The Euler number 2364.7. Developing correlations through dimensional analysis 2394.8. Rayleigh’s method 2414.8.1. Illustration: applying Rayleigh’s method 2424.8.2. Illustration: verifying Fourier’s law by applying Rayleigh’s method 2454.9. Buckingham’s method 2474.9.1. Illustration: applying the Buckingham π theorem 2484.10. Exercises and solutions 2514.11. Reading: Osborne Reynolds and Ludwig Prandtl 2944.11.1. Osborne Reynolds 2944.11.2. Ludwig Prandtl 296Appendix 299Bibliography 315Index 325