Jean-Louis Monino is a Researcher at the Montpellier Recherche en Economie laboratory, Emeritus Professor at the University of Montpellier, and Head of the Traitement et Recherche de l'Information et de la Statistique laboratory in France. His research focuses on data processing, econometrics, statistics, data mining, forecast techniques and economic intelligence.

• Foreword ixAcknowledgements xiiiIntroduction xvChapter 1. From Data to Decision-Making: A Major Pathway 11.1. Background on economic intelligence 21.2. Strategic economic intelligence revisited 31.2.1. The three major steps for decision support 31.2.2. Modeling the concept of strategic business intelligence 41.3. Conclusion 9Chapter 2. Data: An Indispensable Platform for Companies 112.1. The key figures of digital technology 142.1.1. Figures on social networks 202.1.2. Numbers: Big Data 222.1.3. Key figures: the Internet of Things 242.2. The power of data: a major challenge 282.3. The Big Data revolution, “Mega Data” 302.3.1. Understanding the world of Big Data 312.3.2. Open data: a new challenge 412.4. Developing the culture of data sharing 552.5. Storage of data in databases 562.6. The appearance of buzzwords: Big, Open, Viz, etc. 582.7. Conclusion 59Chapter 3. From Data to Information: Essential Transformations 633.1. Value creation from data processing 633.2. Value creation and analysis of open databases 693.3. From data to information: the “DataViz” or data visualization 733.4. From data to information: statistical processing 743.4.1. Phases of data processing 753.4.2. Processing the data 753.5. Turning mass data into an opportunity for innovation 813.6. Development of company assets in the web of data 873.7. Conclusion 91Chapter 4. Information: Contextualized and Materialized Data 934.1. What is information? 944.1.1. How can we define information? 944.2. Internal and external information 1004.2.1. Internal information 1004.2.2. External information 1004.3. Formal and informal information 1004.3.1. Formal information 1004.3.2. Informal information 1014.4. Importance of information 1014.4.1. White information 1014.4.2. Gray information 1014.4.3. Black information 1014.5. Décodex set up by Le Monde 1024.6. Conclusion 103Chapter 5. From Information to Knowledge: Valuing and Innovating 1055.1. Innovation as a driving force of growth 1055.1.1. Innovation and the intangible economy 1065.2. Knowledge: the key to innovation 1085.3. Building knowledge: economic intelligence 1095.3.1. The EI process and the transition from information to knowledge 1105.3.2. Managing the data warehouse to extract knowledge and insight 1115.4. Data mining, Statistica and Tibco 1145.5. Information an economic good? 1155.5.1. Innovation as a driving force of growth 1155.5.2. Strategic business intelligence 1165.6. What is data science? 1185.7. Conclusion 119Chapter 6. From Knowledge to Strategic Business Intelligence: Decision-Making 1216.1. Data valuation mechanisms 1216.2. How do you value data? 1226.3. Data governance: a key factor in valuation 1326.4. EI: protection and enhancement of digital heritage 1386.5. Data analysis techniques: data mining/text mining 1436.6. Conclusion 148Conclusion 151Glossary 157References 159Index 173

Jean-Louis Monino is a Researcher at the Montpellier Recherche en Economie laboratory, Emeritus Professor at the University of Montpellier, and Head of the Traitement et Recherche de l'Information et de la Statistique laboratory in France. His research focuses on data processing, econometrics, statistics, data mining, forecast techniques and economic intelligence.

• Foreword ixAcknowledgements xiiiIntroduction xvChapter 1. From Data to Decision-Making: A Major Pathway 11.1. Background on economic intelligence 21.2. Strategic economic intelligence revisited 31.2.1. The three major steps for decision support 31.2.2. Modeling the concept of strategic business intelligence 41.3. Conclusion 9Chapter 2. Data: An Indispensable Platform for Companies 112.1. The key figures of digital technology 142.1.1. Figures on social networks 202.1.2. Numbers: Big Data 222.1.3. Key figures: the Internet of Things 242.2. The power of data: a major challenge 282.3. The Big Data revolution, “Mega Data” 302.3.1. Understanding the world of Big Data 312.3.2. Open data: a new challenge 412.4. Developing the culture of data sharing 552.5. Storage of data in databases 562.6. The appearance of buzzwords: Big, Open, Viz, etc. 582.7. Conclusion 59Chapter 3. From Data to Information: Essential Transformations 633.1. Value creation from data processing 633.2. Value creation and analysis of open databases 693.3. From data to information: the “DataViz” or data visualization 733.4. From data to information: statistical processing 743.4.1. Phases of data processing 753.4.2. Processing the data 753.5. Turning mass data into an opportunity for innovation 813.6. Development of company assets in the web of data 873.7. Conclusion 91Chapter 4. Information: Contextualized and Materialized Data 934.1. What is information? 944.1.1. How can we define information? 944.2. Internal and external information 1004.2.1. Internal information 1004.2.2. External information 1004.3. Formal and informal information 1004.3.1. Formal information 1004.3.2. Informal information 1014.4. Importance of information 1014.4.1. White information 1014.4.2. Gray information 1014.4.3. Black information 1014.5. Décodex set up by Le Monde 1024.6. Conclusion 103Chapter 5. From Information to Knowledge: Valuing and Innovating 1055.1. Innovation as a driving force of growth 1055.1.1. Innovation and the intangible economy 1065.2. Knowledge: the key to innovation 1085.3. Building knowledge: economic intelligence 1095.3.1. The EI process and the transition from information to knowledge 1105.3.2. Managing the data warehouse to extract knowledge and insight 1115.4. Data mining, Statistica and Tibco 1145.5. Information an economic good? 1155.5.1. Innovation as a driving force of growth 1155.5.2. Strategic business intelligence 1165.6. What is data science? 1185.7. Conclusion 119Chapter 6. From Knowledge to Strategic Business Intelligence: Decision-Making 1216.1. Data valuation mechanisms 1216.2. How do you value data? 1226.3. Data governance: a key factor in valuation 1326.4. EI: protection and enhancement of digital heritage 1386.5. Data analysis techniques: data mining/text mining 1436.6. Conclusion 148Conclusion 151Glossary 157References 159Index 173

Jean-Louis Monino is a Researcher at the Montpellier Recherche en Economie laboratory, Emeritus Professor at the University of Montpellier, and Head of the Traitement et Recherche de l'Information et de la Statistique laboratory in France. His research focuses on data processing, econometrics, statistics, data mining, forecast techniques and economic intelligence.

• Foreword ixAcknowledgements xiiiIntroduction xvChapter 1. From Data to Decision-Making: A Major Pathway 11.1. Background on economic intelligence 21.2. Strategic economic intelligence revisited 31.2.1. The three major steps for decision support 31.2.2. Modeling the concept of strategic business intelligence 41.3. Conclusion 9Chapter 2. Data: An Indispensable Platform for Companies 112.1. The key figures of digital technology 142.1.1. Figures on social networks 202.1.2. Numbers: Big Data 222.1.3. Key figures: the Internet of Things 242.2. The power of data: a major challenge 282.3. The Big Data revolution, “Mega Data” 302.3.1. Understanding the world of Big Data 312.3.2. Open data: a new challenge 412.4. Developing the culture of data sharing 552.5. Storage of data in databases 562.6. The appearance of buzzwords: Big, Open, Viz, etc. 582.7. Conclusion 59Chapter 3. From Data to Information: Essential Transformations 633.1. Value creation from data processing 633.2. Value creation and analysis of open databases 693.3. From data to information: the “DataViz” or data visualization 733.4. From data to information: statistical processing 743.4.1. Phases of data processing 753.4.2. Processing the data 753.5. Turning mass data into an opportunity for innovation 813.6. Development of company assets in the web of data 873.7. Conclusion 91Chapter 4. Information: Contextualized and Materialized Data 934.1. What is information? 944.1.1. How can we define information? 944.2. Internal and external information 1004.2.1. Internal information 1004.2.2. External information 1004.3. Formal and informal information 1004.3.1. Formal information 1004.3.2. Informal information 1014.4. Importance of information 1014.4.1. White information 1014.4.2. Gray information 1014.4.3. Black information 1014.5. Décodex set up by Le Monde 1024.6. Conclusion 103Chapter 5. From Information to Knowledge: Valuing and Innovating 1055.1. Innovation as a driving force of growth 1055.1.1. Innovation and the intangible economy 1065.2. Knowledge: the key to innovation 1085.3. Building knowledge: economic intelligence 1095.3.1. The EI process and the transition from information to knowledge 1105.3.2. Managing the data warehouse to extract knowledge and insight 1115.4. Data mining, Statistica and Tibco 1145.5. Information an economic good? 1155.5.1. Innovation as a driving force of growth 1155.5.2. Strategic business intelligence 1165.6. What is data science? 1185.7. Conclusion 119Chapter 6. From Knowledge to Strategic Business Intelligence: Decision-Making 1216.1. Data valuation mechanisms 1216.2. How do you value data? 1226.3. Data governance: a key factor in valuation 1326.4. EI: protection and enhancement of digital heritage 1386.5. Data analysis techniques: data mining/text mining 1436.6. Conclusion 148Conclusion 151Glossary 157References 159Index 173