Cultural Commons in the Digital Ecosystem

Maud Pélissier is an Associate Professor and Research Director. She carries out her research at the Mediterranean Institute for Information and Communication Sciences of the University of Toulon, France.

• Introduction ixPart 1. The Intellectual Movement of the Cultural Commons 1Introduction to Part 1 3Chapter 1. The Pioneering Approach of Jurists from the Berkman Center for Internet and Society 71.1. A critique of the maximalist doctrine of intellectual property 71.1.1. The enclosure of the intangible commons of the mind 91.1.2. The threat of disappearance of free culture in cyberspace 121.2. The political economy of information commons 171.2.1. Shared ownership and individual freedom 181.2.2. A new mode of information production 221.3. The creative commons in the field of works of the mind 281.3.1. Incarnation of free culture practices 281.3.2. Institutionalization of free culture: Creative Commons licenses 311.3.3. The modalities of cohabitation with the commercial cultural economy 341.4. Propagation in the intellectual and militant sphere in France 421.4.1. The challenge of legalizing non-market sharing 431.4.2. The challenge of legal recognition of the information commons 491.5. Recent extensions of the BCIS approach 541.5.1. The digital public domain: the perimeter of cultural commons 551.5.2. Network infrastructure as a commons 601.5.3. Remuneration of volunteer contributors 63Chapter 2. The Ostromian Approach to the Knowledge Commons 692.1. Ostrom’s original theory of the land commons 712.1.1. An institutional definition of the commons 712.1.2. A questioning of the “tragedy of the commons” 722.1.3. Communal property as a bundle of rights 752.1.4. An institutional approach to the self-organization of common resources 782.2. The knowledge commons: Hess and Ostrom’s approach 802.2.1. The singularity of information common pool resources (CPR) 802.2.2. Digital libraries as information CPRs 842.2.3. Institutional analysis and development framework (IAD) 872.3. Open access platforms as scientific commons? 902.3.1. Open access: a major transformation of the editorial ecosystem 912.3.2. Open access platforms: which bundles of user rights? 992.3.3. Enrichment and sustainability of the scientific commons 1072.4. Cooperative platforms as social commons? 1182.4.1. A rapprochement with the social and solidarity economy 1182.4.2. Conditions for exploiting the social value created 1222.4.3. Governance of cooperative platforms 1262.4.4. Commoners’ remuneration: a right to contribute 133Part 2. The Commons in the Digital Book Ecosystem 137Introduction to Part 2 139Chapter 3. Digital Libraries as Heritage Commons 1413.1. A favorable context 1423.1.1. A new documentary order 1423.1.2. Cultural public data as a public good 1443.2. The production methods of heritage commons 1493.2.1. The Google challenge 1493.2.2. Public/private partnerships: threat or opportunity? 1523.2.3. On-demand digitization and citizen contribution 1563.2.4. The heritage commons: a plasticity of forms 1573.3. Governance issue: enriching our common heritage 1613.3.1. The construction of a shared heritage infrastructure 1613.3.2. Content editorialization and digital mediation 164Chapter 4. The Written Commons in the Publishing Industry 1694.1. The transformations of the editorial ecosystem 1704.1.1. Digital textuality and new uses 1704.1.2. The digital book immersed in an attention economy 1724.1.3. The digital book and the growth of self-publishing 1764.2. Wattpad: a common narrative of the misguided written word 1784.2.1. The use of CC licenses: a hidden reality 1794.2.2. A progressive attraction to the attention economy 1804.2.3. Strengthened cohabitation with publishers: the announced end of free culture 1824.3. Self-publishing and free culture: a multifaceted face 1844.3.1. The Lulu platform: open source for the book market? 1844.3.2. In Libro Veritas and Framabook: free book editions 187Conclusion 193References 199Index 207