Responsive Ethics and Participation

Kalli Giannelos is a researcher and lecturer at Sciences Po, Paris. She holds a PhD in social sciences, a master’s degree from Sciences Po and two research master’s degrees from the Sorbonne. Her research focuses on innovation ethics, participatory democracy, media and digital ethics.Bernard Reber is a philosopher and CNRS director of research at Sciences Po, Paris. He is a renowned expert on participatory technological assessment in both theoretical (including moral and political philosophy) and comparative–empirical terms (including moral sociology).Neelke Doorn is a professor of ethics of water engineering at Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands. She has a background in civil engineering, philosophy and law. She works on the interface of philosophy and technology, with a special focus on water and climate.

• Foreword ixBernard REBERAcknowledgments xvIntroduction xviiChapter 1 Defining Ethics and Participation 11.1 Ethical challenges in research and innovation 21.1.1 Ethics in governance of research and innovation 21.1.2 Bottom-up approaches 61.2 Facing responsibility 101.2.1 The notion of responsibility in innovation 101.2.2 Ethics and technology assessment: at the root of responsible innovation 141.2.3 From ethics of technology to responsible research and innovation 181.3 Public participation and the ideal of participatory democracy 221.3.1 Public participation in research and innovation 221.3.2 Participation in technology assessment 261.3.3 From broad participatory practices to deliberation 291.4 The diverse field of participation 331.4.1 Defining participatory activities: types and timelines 331.4.2. Defining participants: types of actors and visions of engagement 371.4.3 Finding value in participation 421.4.4 Models of participation 451.5 Conclusion 48Chapter 2 Regulations on Ethics and Participation 492.1 Policies and regulations on the ethics of innovation 492.1.1 Main regulations on research ethics and research integrity 492.1.2 Ethics assessment: a standard in European funding programs 542.2. Analysis of current European regulations on ethics and participation 582.2.1 The different institutional configurations for ethics and participation 582.2.2 The current deadlocks of European regulatory bodies 632.2.3 Ethics of participation: current boundaries 682.3 Soft law on participatory approaches 702.3.1 Re-shaping participatory approaches through soft law: toward a normative instrument 702.4 Beyond regulations: institutional needs for ethical participation 732.4.1 The needs from a governance point of view 732.4.2 Identifying good practices and criteria for ethical participation 772.5 Conclusion 82Chapter 3 Ethical Participation 853.1 How mainstream is citizen participation? 863.1.1 A case study on research funding organizations 863.1.2 Citizens’ low involvement in R&I processes 913.1.3 Prevailing types of participation 983.2 Leveraging the funding of R&I for a novel approach to participation 1023.2.1 Context-sensitive specificities 1023.2.2 Expectations and legitimacy in the funding of R&I 1043.2.3 The impact of participatory practices 1113.3 Addressing the needs of research funding organizations 1143.3.1 Standardized approaches and the European discrepancies 1143.3.2 Ethical grounds meeting public scrutiny 1173.4 Toward an ethics framework 1193.4.1. Finding common paths and compromises in R&I governance  1193.4.2 Main critical factors facing institutions 1233.5 An ethics framework for participation 1253.5.1 Some guidelines for future ethics frameworks 1253.5.2 A tentative ethics framework 128Conclusion 133Appendices 143Appendix 1: Categories Considered in the Case Study on Research Funding Organizations 145Appendix 2: Tentative Ethics Framework 149References 179Index 193