Reliability and Physics-of-Healthy in Mechatronics

Abdelkhalak El Hami is Full Professor of Universities at INSA-Rouen-Normandie, France. He is the author/co-author of several books and is responsible for several European pedagogical projects. He is a specialist in fluid structure interaction and problems of optimization and reliability in multi-physical systems.David Delaux is Reliability Director at Valeo and Reliability Senior Expert. An Honorary Visiting Professor at Bradford University, UK, he is also a national auditor/assessor at COFRAC (ISO 17025), President of the European Campus of Statistics Statistical Analysis For Industry (SAFI), Expert for the European Innovation Council and President of the association ASTE. He is also the former President of the European Reliability Environmental Confederation (CEEES).Henri Grzeskowiak is a Technical Expert at Matra BAe Dynamics and MBDA (missile). He is also an auditor at COFRAC, Head of Department of Environmental Engineering (Matra & MBDA) as well as former President of the Standardization Committee for Mechanical & Climatic Environment (DGA) and of the association ASTE (France) and CEEES (Europe).

• Preface ixAbdelkhalak EL HAMI, David DELAUX and Henri GRZESKOWIAKList of Acronyms xiPart 1 Entropy and Physics-of-Healthy: Some Concepts to Model Predictive Reliability of Microelectronics for Automotive, Aeronautic and Space Missions 1Introduction to Part 1 3Alain BENSOUSSAN, Joseph B. BERNSTEIN and Alain BRAVAIXChapter 1 Basic Reliability Tools for SHM Protocols 11Alain BENSOUSSAN, Joseph B. BERNSTEIN and Alain BRAVAIX1.1 Introduction 111.2 State-of-the-art reliability in DSM and GaN technologies and Physics-of-Healthy: thermodynamics 151.2.1 COTS and emerging technologies in deep-sub-micron technologies: short overview 151.3 General overview on GaN device failure mechanisms 191.4 Physical reliability models applied to DSM technology 241.4.1 Precautions associated with accelerated testing 331.5 Reliability and probability mathematics 341.5.1 Exponential distribution summary 421.5.2 Normal distribution summary 421.5.3 Weibull distribution summary 421.5.4 Lognormal distribution summary 431.6 The Sedyakin principle 471.7 System reliability 491.7.1 Series systems 491.7.2 Parallel systems 511.7.3 Complex systems 541.8 Conclusion and future prospects 581.9 References 60Chapter 2 Applied Engineering on Physics-of-Healthy and SHM of Microelectronic Equipment for Aeronautic, Space, Automotive and Transport Operations 65Alain BENSOUSSAN, Joseph B. BERNSTEIN and Alain BRAVAIX2.1 Introduction 652.2 Component health monitoring: a case study for automotive and aerospace applications 682.2.1 Context and particular issues for automotive applications using emerging technologies 682.2.2 Predictive reliability and health monitoring methodology for new technologies 702.2.3 Prognostic failure model (PFM) level 3: reliability prediction applied to DSM technologies in harsh environments 802.2.4 Reliability study for DD3RL 1112.3 Aerospace electronics reliability: practical application of MTOL 1202.3.1 Standard HTOL 1222.3.2 Multiple mechanisms 1232.3.3 Acceleration factor 1242.3.4 Proportionality matrix solution 1272.4 Conclusion 1322.5 References 133Part 2 Failure and Analysis of Systems Engineering 139Chapter 3 Fault Tree Analysis in the Context of Systems Engineering Design Analysis 141Felician CAMPEAN and Ed HENSHALL3.1 Introduction 1413.1.1 Background to fault tree analysis 1423.1.2 Functional basis of fault tree analysis 1443.1.3 Case study: electric bicycle drive system 1453.2 System-level analysis 1463.2.1 Function analysis and decomposition 1463.2.2 System-level function fault tree development 1503.3 Subsystem-level analysis 1523.3.1 Subsystem-level function decomposition 1523.3.2 Subsystem-level function fault tree development 1583.4 Component-level analysis 1603.4.1 Component-level function decomposition 1603.4.2 Component-level function fault tree development 1653.5 Initial analysis of FFT and further decomposition 1673.5.1 Analysis of failure events associated with the connecting and branching flows 1673.5.2 Decomposition of the FFT to a level which facilitates design optimization 1703.6 eBike drive system function fault tree analysis 1743.6.1 Macro-level function fault tree analysis 1753.6.2 Function fault tree analysis based on SSFD heuristics 1753.6.3 Function fault tree analysis based on cut sets 1853.6.4 System of systems context for function fault tree analysis 1883.7 Relationship of FFTA to other engineering tools 1913.8 Discussion and conclusion 1923.9 References 195Chapter 4 Reliability for a Mature Product From the Beginning of Its Useful Life: The Different Types of Tests and Their Impact on Product Reliability 199Henri GRZESKOWIAK4.1 Introduction 1994.2 The product life profile 2004.3 The product technical specification 2014.4 The part (or component) engineering 2034.5 The performance-based requirement in design 2074.6 The elimination of weakness in design and technologies 2084.7 Uncertainty and test factors 2104.7.1 Environment variability 2104.7.2 Equipment strength variability 2104.7.3 Aging of equipment 2104.7.4 The purpose of the uncertainty factor 2124.7.5 The purpose of the test factor 2134.8 Validation of the functions 2144.9 Environmental stress screening and HA-ESS 2154.10 Conclusion 2174.11 Appendices 2184.11.1 Appendix 1: Types of tests 2184.11.2 Appendix 2: Frequently asked questions on reliability test types 2214.11.3 Appendix 3: Feasibility test 2494.11.4 Appendix 4: Comparison of ESS and HA-ESS 2524.11.5 Appendix 5: Definition of terms 2564.11.6 Appendix 6: About MTBF calculations based on HALT results 2644.12 References 265Chapter 5 Reliability Climatic Test for Composites Based on a Probabilistic Arrhenius Model 267David DELAUX, Thomas ILLING and Abdelkhalak EL HAMI5.1 Introduction: needs and constraints of automotive reliability 2675.2 Proposition of a new probabilistic Arrhenius model 2715.2.1 Constant Arrhenius model 2715.2.2 Probabilistic Arrhenius model 2735.3 Experimental case 2835.3.1 Assumptions 2835.3.2 Results 2865.3.3 Exploration 2865.3.4 Results and discussions 2885.4 Conclusion and outlook 2895.5 References 289List of Authors 293Index 295