It seems to be a tenet of the human condition to perceive others as different and potentially hostile. In nearly all societies stereotypes are developed to stigmatize suspected enemies within and without. The American case is particularly interesting in this respect because American society consists of nothing but others ; to be open to others and welcome those who are different is one of the basic tenets of the country. However, this principle often conflicts with the need to integrate all these strangers into a homogeneous, governable society, which causes the formation of hostile stereotypes of certain ethnic groups that do not fit in. The authors in this volume look at the development of these enemy images, which form a fairly consistent pattern, from the period of the American Revolution to the post World War II era. In doing so, they focus on the question of to what extent these enemy images influence the formulation and outcome of foreign, domestic, and immigration policies.