François Baudin is Professor of sedimentology and petroleum geology at Sorbonne Université, France. His research focuses on the processes controlling the preservation and distribution of organic matter in sedimentary rocks, recent sediments and soils.

• Presentation of Units, Symbols and Acronyms xiList of Formulae xvChapter 1 Historical Perspectives 1Violaine LAMOUREUX-VAR, Nicolas BOUTON and François BAUDIN1.1 History of Rock-Eval® 11.2 Geographical distribution of Rock-Eval devices worldwide and areas of application of the method 8Chapter 2 Principles and Methods 11Violaine LAMOUREUX-VAR, Nicolas BOUTON, Jean ESPITALIÉ and Yves BENOIT2.1 Analysis process 112.2 Schematic diagram of the Rock-Eval 6 analyzer 122.3 Detectors 132.4 Thermograms 142.5 Methods and cycles 202.6 Rock-Eval 7 Sulfur 212.7 Pollut-Eval 24Chapter 3 Parameters and Illustration of Results 29Lauric CÉCILLON, Pierre BARRÉ, Yves BENOIT, Yoann COPARD and Maria-Fernanda ROMERO-SARMIENTO3.1 Introduction 293.2 Rock-Eval® signals and basic parameters 303.3 Key parameters for oil exploration 363.4 Parameters developed for soil analysis 393.5 Development in progress on the mathematical processing of thermograms 44Chapter 4 Guidance on Sampling, Effects of Mineral Matrix and Other Artifacts on Thermograms 45François BAUDIN, Yves BENOIT and Nicolas BOUTON4.1 Sample collection, preparation and conservation 454.2 Mineral matrix effects 544.3 Other artifacts on thermograms related to the presence of minerals 634.4 Other artifacts and abnormal signals of instrumental origin 67Chapter 5 Comparison with Other Methods 73Nicolas BOUTON and Jérémie AMMOUIAL5.1 The Rock-Eval method at the crossroads of classical analytical methods 735.2 Elemental analysis 745.3 Chromatography 765.4 Thermal analysis 775.5 Comparison with other analyzers of the same type 785.6 Comparison with other types of samples 82Chapter 6 Characterization of Petroleum Source Rocks 85Maria-Fernanda ROMERO-SARMIENTO6.1 Introduction 856.2 Characterization of conventional oil source rocks and isolated organic matter (kerogens) 876.3 Characterization of oil samples 906.4 Characterization of hydrocarbons from source rocks 916.5 Composition of hydrocarbons detected by Rock-Eval® pyrolysis 936.6 Estimation of hydrocarbon reserves in place 976.7 Estimation of free hydrocarbons in porous media 99Chapter 7 Determining the Parameters of Thermal Cracking of Fossil Organic Matter 101Françoise BEHAR7.1 Introduction 1017.2 Basic equations for thermal cracking 1037.3 Experimental determination of kinetic parameters of kerogen 1077.4 Calculation of the overall kinetic parameters of kerogen in an open system 1117.5 Acquisition and optimization of kinetic parameters E and A 1137.6 How are the absolute values of E and A, obtained in the laboratory, used to calculate the values of TR under geological conditions? 1157.7 Summary 122Chapter 8 Characterization of Sulfur Compounds 125Jean ESPITALIÉ, Violaine LAMOUREUX-VAR and Nicolas BOUTON8.1 Introduction 1258.2 Experimental device 1278.3 Characterization of sulfur in kerogens 1288.4 Characterization of sulfur in oil source rocks 1368.5 Kinetics of cracking of the organosulfur compounds of organic matter 1428.6 Characterization of sulfur in oils 1458.7 Characterization of sulfur in reservoir rocks 1488.8 Prospects for the application of Rock-Eval 7 Sulfur in understanding the sulfur sedimentary cycle 1508.9 Prospects for the application of Rock-Eval 7S in industry 152Chapter 9 Study of Organic Matter in Recent Sediments 153Yoann COPARD and François BAUDIN9.1 Introduction 1539.2 Reminder of the principles of analysis of recent sediments by the Rock-Eval method 1549.3 Analysis of fresh organic matter and pure compounds 1559.4 Continental archives as witnesses of environmental changes 1589.5 Coastal and marine environments 1669.6 Relationships between organic matter and contaminant concentrations 176Chapter 10 Characterization and Evaluation of the Stability of Soil Organic Matter 181Pierre BARRÉ, Lauric CÉCILLON and Eva KANARI10.1 Introduction 18110.2 Relevance and general teachings of Rock-Eval analysis of soil samples 18210.3 Difficulties in linking the Rock-Eval signature and chemical composition of soil organic matter 19010.4 Evaluation of soil organic carbon stability by Rock-Eval 19410.5 Quantifying soil organic carbon stability using Rock-Eval with a view to improving soil carbon dynamics models 20010.6 Conclusion 207Chapter 11 Study of Natural and Anthropogenic Events 209Yoann COPARD and François BAUDIN11.1 Introduction 20911.2 Events of geological origin 21011.3 Fires and signature of incomplete combustion residues 21611.4 Weathering versus syndiagenetic oxidation 21711.5 Artificial oxidation 222Chapter 12 Detection and Monitoring of Oil Pollution in the Environment 225Yves BENOIT12.1 Introduction 22512.2 The Pollut-Eval method 22712.3 Influence of the natural organic matrix of soils on the observed responses 234Chapter 13 Analysis of Carbonates 241François BAUDIN, Nicolas BOUTON and Adrien WATTRIPONT13.1 Reminder of the principles of mineral carbon analysis using the Rock-Eval method 24113.2 Kinetic effects 24313.3 Artifacts 25013.4 Discrimination and quantification of different carbonate mineral species using the Rock-Eval method 25313.5 Corrections in case of the presence of siderite 25613.6 From Rock-Eval MinC to carbonate percentage 26013.7 TOC and MinC relationships in sediments and sedimentary rocks 26213.8 Concluding remarks 264Chapter 14 What’s Next for Rock-Eval? 267François BAUDIN and Nicolas BOUTONReferences 271List of Authors 299Index 301

François Baudin is Professor of sedimentology and petroleum geology at Sorbonne Université, France. His research focuses on the processes controlling the preservation and distribution of organic matter in sedimentary rocks, recent sediments and soils.

• Presentation of Units, Symbols and Acronyms xiList of Formulae xvChapter 1 Historical Perspectives 1Violaine LAMOUREUX-VAR, Nicolas BOUTON and François BAUDIN1.1 History of Rock-Eval® 11.2 Geographical distribution of Rock-Eval devices worldwide and areas of application of the method 8Chapter 2 Principles and Methods 11Violaine LAMOUREUX-VAR, Nicolas BOUTON, Jean ESPITALIÉ and Yves BENOIT2.1 Analysis process 112.2 Schematic diagram of the Rock-Eval 6 analyzer 122.3 Detectors 132.4 Thermograms 142.5 Methods and cycles 202.6 Rock-Eval 7 Sulfur 212.7 Pollut-Eval 24Chapter 3 Parameters and Illustration of Results 29Lauric CÉCILLON, Pierre BARRÉ, Yves BENOIT, Yoann COPARD and Maria-Fernanda ROMERO-SARMIENTO3.1 Introduction 293.2 Rock-Eval® signals and basic parameters 303.3 Key parameters for oil exploration 363.4 Parameters developed for soil analysis 393.5 Development in progress on the mathematical processing of thermograms 44Chapter 4 Guidance on Sampling, Effects of Mineral Matrix and Other Artifacts on Thermograms 45François BAUDIN, Yves BENOIT and Nicolas BOUTON4.1 Sample collection, preparation and conservation 454.2 Mineral matrix effects 544.3 Other artifacts on thermograms related to the presence of minerals 634.4 Other artifacts and abnormal signals of instrumental origin 67Chapter 5 Comparison with Other Methods 73Nicolas BOUTON and Jérémie AMMOUIAL5.1 The Rock-Eval method at the crossroads of classical analytical methods 735.2 Elemental analysis 745.3 Chromatography 765.4 Thermal analysis 775.5 Comparison with other analyzers of the same type 785.6 Comparison with other types of samples 82Chapter 6 Characterization of Petroleum Source Rocks 85Maria-Fernanda ROMERO-SARMIENTO6.1 Introduction 856.2 Characterization of conventional oil source rocks and isolated organic matter (kerogens) 876.3 Characterization of oil samples 906.4 Characterization of hydrocarbons from source rocks 916.5 Composition of hydrocarbons detected by Rock-Eval® pyrolysis 936.6 Estimation of hydrocarbon reserves in place 976.7 Estimation of free hydrocarbons in porous media 99Chapter 7 Determining the Parameters of Thermal Cracking of Fossil Organic Matter 101Françoise BEHAR7.1 Introduction 1017.2 Basic equations for thermal cracking 1037.3 Experimental determination of kinetic parameters of kerogen 1077.4 Calculation of the overall kinetic parameters of kerogen in an open system 1117.5 Acquisition and optimization of kinetic parameters E and A 1137.6 How are the absolute values of E and A, obtained in the laboratory, used to calculate the values of TR under geological conditions? 1157.7 Summary 122Chapter 8 Characterization of Sulfur Compounds 125Jean ESPITALIÉ, Violaine LAMOUREUX-VAR and Nicolas BOUTON8.1 Introduction 1258.2 Experimental device 1278.3 Characterization of sulfur in kerogens 1288.4 Characterization of sulfur in oil source rocks 1368.5 Kinetics of cracking of the organosulfur compounds of organic matter 1428.6 Characterization of sulfur in oils 1458.7 Characterization of sulfur in reservoir rocks 1488.8 Prospects for the application of Rock-Eval 7 Sulfur in understanding the sulfur sedimentary cycle 1508.9 Prospects for the application of Rock-Eval 7S in industry 152Chapter 9 Study of Organic Matter in Recent Sediments 153Yoann COPARD and François BAUDIN9.1 Introduction 1539.2 Reminder of the principles of analysis of recent sediments by the Rock-Eval method 1549.3 Analysis of fresh organic matter and pure compounds 1559.4 Continental archives as witnesses of environmental changes 1589.5 Coastal and marine environments 1669.6 Relationships between organic matter and contaminant concentrations 176Chapter 10 Characterization and Evaluation of the Stability of Soil Organic Matter 181Pierre BARRÉ, Lauric CÉCILLON and Eva KANARI10.1 Introduction 18110.2 Relevance and general teachings of Rock-Eval analysis of soil samples 18210.3 Difficulties in linking the Rock-Eval signature and chemical composition of soil organic matter 19010.4 Evaluation of soil organic carbon stability by Rock-Eval 19410.5 Quantifying soil organic carbon stability using Rock-Eval with a view to improving soil carbon dynamics models 20010.6 Conclusion 207Chapter 11 Study of Natural and Anthropogenic Events 209Yoann COPARD and François BAUDIN11.1 Introduction 20911.2 Events of geological origin 21011.3 Fires and signature of incomplete combustion residues 21611.4 Weathering versus syndiagenetic oxidation 21711.5 Artificial oxidation 222Chapter 12 Detection and Monitoring of Oil Pollution in the Environment 225Yves BENOIT12.1 Introduction 22512.2 The Pollut-Eval method 22712.3 Influence of the natural organic matrix of soils on the observed responses 234Chapter 13 Analysis of Carbonates 241François BAUDIN, Nicolas BOUTON and Adrien WATTRIPONT13.1 Reminder of the principles of mineral carbon analysis using the Rock-Eval method 24113.2 Kinetic effects 24313.3 Artifacts 25013.4 Discrimination and quantification of different carbonate mineral species using the Rock-Eval method 25313.5 Corrections in case of the presence of siderite 25613.6 From Rock-Eval MinC to carbonate percentage 26013.7 TOC and MinC relationships in sediments and sedimentary rocks 26213.8 Concluding remarks 264Chapter 14 What’s Next for Rock-Eval? 267François BAUDIN and Nicolas BOUTONReferences 271List of Authors 299Index 301

François Baudin is Professor of sedimentology and petroleum geology at Sorbonne Université, France. His research focuses on the processes controlling the preservation and distribution of organic matter in sedimentary rocks, recent sediments and soils.

• Presentation of Units, Symbols and Acronyms xiList of Formulae xvChapter 1 Historical Perspectives 1Violaine LAMOUREUX-VAR, Nicolas BOUTON and François BAUDIN1.1 History of Rock-Eval® 11.2 Geographical distribution of Rock-Eval devices worldwide and areas of application of the method 8Chapter 2 Principles and Methods 11Violaine LAMOUREUX-VAR, Nicolas BOUTON, Jean ESPITALIÉ and Yves BENOIT2.1 Analysis process 112.2 Schematic diagram of the Rock-Eval 6 analyzer 122.3 Detectors 132.4 Thermograms 142.5 Methods and cycles 202.6 Rock-Eval 7 Sulfur 212.7 Pollut-Eval 24Chapter 3 Parameters and Illustration of Results 29Lauric CÉCILLON, Pierre BARRÉ, Yves BENOIT, Yoann COPARD and Maria-Fernanda ROMERO-SARMIENTO3.1 Introduction 293.2 Rock-Eval® signals and basic parameters 303.3 Key parameters for oil exploration 363.4 Parameters developed for soil analysis 393.5 Development in progress on the mathematical processing of thermograms 44Chapter 4 Guidance on Sampling, Effects of Mineral Matrix and Other Artifacts on Thermograms 45François BAUDIN, Yves BENOIT and Nicolas BOUTON4.1 Sample collection, preparation and conservation 454.2 Mineral matrix effects 544.3 Other artifacts on thermograms related to the presence of minerals 634.4 Other artifacts and abnormal signals of instrumental origin 67Chapter 5 Comparison with Other Methods 73Nicolas BOUTON and Jérémie AMMOUIAL5.1 The Rock-Eval method at the crossroads of classical analytical methods 735.2 Elemental analysis 745.3 Chromatography 765.4 Thermal analysis 775.5 Comparison with other analyzers of the same type 785.6 Comparison with other types of samples 82Chapter 6 Characterization of Petroleum Source Rocks 85Maria-Fernanda ROMERO-SARMIENTO6.1 Introduction 856.2 Characterization of conventional oil source rocks and isolated organic matter (kerogens) 876.3 Characterization of oil samples 906.4 Characterization of hydrocarbons from source rocks 916.5 Composition of hydrocarbons detected by Rock-Eval® pyrolysis 936.6 Estimation of hydrocarbon reserves in place 976.7 Estimation of free hydrocarbons in porous media 99Chapter 7 Determining the Parameters of Thermal Cracking of Fossil Organic Matter 101Françoise BEHAR7.1 Introduction 1017.2 Basic equations for thermal cracking 1037.3 Experimental determination of kinetic parameters of kerogen 1077.4 Calculation of the overall kinetic parameters of kerogen in an open system 1117.5 Acquisition and optimization of kinetic parameters E and A 1137.6 How are the absolute values of E and A, obtained in the laboratory, used to calculate the values of TR under geological conditions? 1157.7 Summary 122Chapter 8 Characterization of Sulfur Compounds 125Jean ESPITALIÉ, Violaine LAMOUREUX-VAR and Nicolas BOUTON8.1 Introduction 1258.2 Experimental device 1278.3 Characterization of sulfur in kerogens 1288.4 Characterization of sulfur in oil source rocks 1368.5 Kinetics of cracking of the organosulfur compounds of organic matter 1428.6 Characterization of sulfur in oils 1458.7 Characterization of sulfur in reservoir rocks 1488.8 Prospects for the application of Rock-Eval 7 Sulfur in understanding the sulfur sedimentary cycle 1508.9 Prospects for the application of Rock-Eval 7S in industry 152Chapter 9 Study of Organic Matter in Recent Sediments 153Yoann COPARD and François BAUDIN9.1 Introduction 1539.2 Reminder of the principles of analysis of recent sediments by the Rock-Eval method 1549.3 Analysis of fresh organic matter and pure compounds 1559.4 Continental archives as witnesses of environmental changes 1589.5 Coastal and marine environments 1669.6 Relationships between organic matter and contaminant concentrations 176Chapter 10 Characterization and Evaluation of the Stability of Soil Organic Matter 181Pierre BARRÉ, Lauric CÉCILLON and Eva KANARI10.1 Introduction 18110.2 Relevance and general teachings of Rock-Eval analysis of soil samples 18210.3 Difficulties in linking the Rock-Eval signature and chemical composition of soil organic matter 19010.4 Evaluation of soil organic carbon stability by Rock-Eval 19410.5 Quantifying soil organic carbon stability using Rock-Eval with a view to improving soil carbon dynamics models 20010.6 Conclusion 207Chapter 11 Study of Natural and Anthropogenic Events 209Yoann COPARD and François BAUDIN11.1 Introduction 20911.2 Events of geological origin 21011.3 Fires and signature of incomplete combustion residues 21611.4 Weathering versus syndiagenetic oxidation 21711.5 Artificial oxidation 222Chapter 12 Detection and Monitoring of Oil Pollution in the Environment 225Yves BENOIT12.1 Introduction 22512.2 The Pollut-Eval method 22712.3 Influence of the natural organic matrix of soils on the observed responses 234Chapter 13 Analysis of Carbonates 241François BAUDIN, Nicolas BOUTON and Adrien WATTRIPONT13.1 Reminder of the principles of mineral carbon analysis using the Rock-Eval method 24113.2 Kinetic effects 24313.3 Artifacts 25013.4 Discrimination and quantification of different carbonate mineral species using the Rock-Eval method 25313.5 Corrections in case of the presence of siderite 25613.6 From Rock-Eval MinC to carbonate percentage 26013.7 TOC and MinC relationships in sediments and sedimentary rocks 26213.8 Concluding remarks 264Chapter 14 What’s Next for Rock-Eval? 267François BAUDIN and Nicolas BOUTONReferences 271List of Authors 299Index 301