Edited by John Erik Fossum, Professor and Christopher Lord, Professor, ARENA Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Norway

• Contents:Preface and acknowledgements xii1 Introduction to the European Union and Brexit 1John Erik Fossum and Christopher LordPART I THE UK AND BREXIT2 Why did the UK leave the EU? The state of the science of explaining Brexit 26James Dennison3 The Brexit referendum 42Julie Smith4 Parties 56Andrew Glencross and Monika Brusenbauch Meislová5 Brexit and the nations 70Michael Keating6 Brexit and economic ideas 85Craig Parsons7 Brexit and Europe’s political economy 104Amy VerdunPART II BREXIT AND THE EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS8 The making of Brexit: legal aspects of the 2016–20 negotiations 121Jean-Claude Piris9 The European Council and Brexit: from accommodating an ‘awkwardpartner’ towards managing a conflictual relationship? 162Birgit Bujard and Wolfgang Wessels10 The European Parliament and Brexit 178Christopher Lord11 The European Commission and the Brexit negotiations 192Hussein Kassim12 EU agencies and Brexit: assessing the implications of Brexit for EU agencies 216Michael Kaeding13 Brexit: the sub-national dimensions from the vantage point of theEuropean Committee of the Regions 232Justus SchönlauPART III MEMBER STATES AND BREXIT14 Ireland and Brexit 250Brigid Laffan15 Germany and Brexit 264Uwe Puetter16 France and Brexit 279Helen Drake17 De-Europeanization of Eastern peripheries or testing the limits ofdifferentiation: Poland in the post-Brexit European Union 296Rafał Riedel18 Regional cooperation in the EU in the shadow of Brexit 309Ian Cooper and Federico FabbriniPART IV BREXIT AND AFFILIATED NON-MEMBERS IN EUROPE19 The pattern of affiliations between the EU and its neighbours:Normative, Market and Governance Power Europe 328Sieglinde Gstöhl20 The Swiss model in the context of Brexit: from ‘side-street’ to ‘dead-end’? 345Sandra Lavenex and Alexandre Veuthey21 The Norway Model and the UK post-Brexit 362John Erik Fossum22 Liechtenstein and its relations with the EU 384Christian FrommeltPART V BREXIT BEYOND EUROPE23 The 2020 EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement as a Canada styleagreement 401Nanette Neuwahl24 The impact of Brexit on EU-US political relations and NATO 422Roy H. Ginsberg25 Post-Brexit opportunities: what exactly does Australia offer the EU andthe UK? 438Russell Solomon26 China views Brexit: the impacts of the UK’s withdrawal from theEuropean Union in Chinese eyes 456Biao Zhang and Shaohua YanPART VI BREXIT AND QUESTIONS OF LEGITIMACY27 Brexit and political legitimacy 471Albert Weale28 Political constitutionalism and referendums: the case of Brexit 486Richard Bellamy29 Exceptionally exceptional? A postscript on Brexit in the guise of aconclusion 504Kalypso Nicolaïdis, with comments by Albert Weale, ChristopherLord and John Erik FossumIndex 518

Edited by John Erik Fossum, Professor and Christopher Lord, Professor, ARENA Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Norway

• Contents:Preface and acknowledgements xii1 Introduction to the European Union and Brexit 1John Erik Fossum and Christopher LordPART I THE UK AND BREXIT2 Why did the UK leave the EU? The state of the science of explaining Brexit 26James Dennison3 The Brexit referendum 42Julie Smith4 Parties 56Andrew Glencross and Monika Brusenbauch Meislová5 Brexit and the nations 70Michael Keating6 Brexit and economic ideas 85Craig Parsons7 Brexit and Europe’s political economy 104Amy VerdunPART II BREXIT AND THE EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS8 The making of Brexit: legal aspects of the 2016–20 negotiations 121Jean-Claude Piris9 The European Council and Brexit: from accommodating an ‘awkwardpartner’ towards managing a conflictual relationship? 162Birgit Bujard and Wolfgang Wessels10 The European Parliament and Brexit 178Christopher Lord11 The European Commission and the Brexit negotiations 192Hussein Kassim12 EU agencies and Brexit: assessing the implications of Brexit for EU agencies 216Michael Kaeding13 Brexit: the sub-national dimensions from the vantage point of theEuropean Committee of the Regions 232Justus SchönlauPART III MEMBER STATES AND BREXIT14 Ireland and Brexit 250Brigid Laffan15 Germany and Brexit 264Uwe Puetter16 France and Brexit 279Helen Drake17 De-Europeanization of Eastern peripheries or testing the limits ofdifferentiation: Poland in the post-Brexit European Union 296Rafał Riedel18 Regional cooperation in the EU in the shadow of Brexit 309Ian Cooper and Federico FabbriniPART IV BREXIT AND AFFILIATED NON-MEMBERS IN EUROPE19 The pattern of affiliations between the EU and its neighbours:Normative, Market and Governance Power Europe 328Sieglinde Gstöhl20 The Swiss model in the context of Brexit: from ‘side-street’ to ‘dead-end’? 345Sandra Lavenex and Alexandre Veuthey21 The Norway Model and the UK post-Brexit 362John Erik Fossum22 Liechtenstein and its relations with the EU 384Christian FrommeltPART V BREXIT BEYOND EUROPE23 The 2020 EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement as a Canada styleagreement 401Nanette Neuwahl24 The impact of Brexit on EU-US political relations and NATO 422Roy H. Ginsberg25 Post-Brexit opportunities: what exactly does Australia offer the EU andthe UK? 438Russell Solomon26 China views Brexit: the impacts of the UK’s withdrawal from theEuropean Union in Chinese eyes 456Biao Zhang and Shaohua YanPART VI BREXIT AND QUESTIONS OF LEGITIMACY27 Brexit and political legitimacy 471Albert Weale28 Political constitutionalism and referendums: the case of Brexit 486Richard Bellamy29 Exceptionally exceptional? A postscript on Brexit in the guise of aconclusion 504Kalypso Nicolaïdis, with comments by Albert Weale, ChristopherLord and John Erik FossumIndex 518

Edited by John Erik Fossum, Professor and Christopher Lord, Professor, ARENA Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Norway

• Contents:Preface and acknowledgements xii1 Introduction to the European Union and Brexit 1John Erik Fossum and Christopher LordPART I THE UK AND BREXIT2 Why did the UK leave the EU? The state of the science of explaining Brexit 26James Dennison3 The Brexit referendum 42Julie Smith4 Parties 56Andrew Glencross and Monika Brusenbauch Meislová5 Brexit and the nations 70Michael Keating6 Brexit and economic ideas 85Craig Parsons7 Brexit and Europe’s political economy 104Amy VerdunPART II BREXIT AND THE EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS8 The making of Brexit: legal aspects of the 2016–20 negotiations 121Jean-Claude Piris9 The European Council and Brexit: from accommodating an ‘awkwardpartner’ towards managing a conflictual relationship? 162Birgit Bujard and Wolfgang Wessels10 The European Parliament and Brexit 178Christopher Lord11 The European Commission and the Brexit negotiations 192Hussein Kassim12 EU agencies and Brexit: assessing the implications of Brexit for EU agencies 216Michael Kaeding13 Brexit: the sub-national dimensions from the vantage point of theEuropean Committee of the Regions 232Justus SchönlauPART III MEMBER STATES AND BREXIT14 Ireland and Brexit 250Brigid Laffan15 Germany and Brexit 264Uwe Puetter16 France and Brexit 279Helen Drake17 De-Europeanization of Eastern peripheries or testing the limits ofdifferentiation: Poland in the post-Brexit European Union 296Rafał Riedel18 Regional cooperation in the EU in the shadow of Brexit 309Ian Cooper and Federico FabbriniPART IV BREXIT AND AFFILIATED NON-MEMBERS IN EUROPE19 The pattern of affiliations between the EU and its neighbours:Normative, Market and Governance Power Europe 328Sieglinde Gstöhl20 The Swiss model in the context of Brexit: from ‘side-street’ to ‘dead-end’? 345Sandra Lavenex and Alexandre Veuthey21 The Norway Model and the UK post-Brexit 362John Erik Fossum22 Liechtenstein and its relations with the EU 384Christian FrommeltPART V BREXIT BEYOND EUROPE23 The 2020 EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement as a Canada styleagreement 401Nanette Neuwahl24 The impact of Brexit on EU-US political relations and NATO 422Roy H. Ginsberg25 Post-Brexit opportunities: what exactly does Australia offer the EU andthe UK? 438Russell Solomon26 China views Brexit: the impacts of the UK’s withdrawal from theEuropean Union in Chinese eyes 456Biao Zhang and Shaohua YanPART VI BREXIT AND QUESTIONS OF LEGITIMACY27 Brexit and political legitimacy 471Albert Weale28 Political constitutionalism and referendums: the case of Brexit 486Richard Bellamy29 Exceptionally exceptional? A postscript on Brexit in the guise of aconclusion 504Kalypso Nicolaïdis, with comments by Albert Weale, ChristopherLord and John Erik FossumIndex 518