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• Milestones in the Discovery and Understanding of the Brain Cholinergic System. NEUROBIOLOGY OF THE CHOLINERGIC NEURON. Genetics of Cholinergic Neurons. Cholinergic Synaptic Terminations in the Cerebral Cortex, Trophic Factor Dependency and Vulnerability to Aging and Alzheimer's Pathology. NEUROANATOMY OF THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM Cholinergic Pathology of the Aging MCI-Alzheimer Continuum: Function and Therapeutic Implications. NEUROCHEMISTRY OF THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM. Neurochemical Pathology of Cholinergic Systems in Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. ACETYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS, INACTIVATION AND RELEASE. Precursors: Choline and Glucose. Choline Acetyltransferase. Pre-synaptic Regulation and Neurotransmitter Modulation of Acetylcholine Release. Studying Cholinergic Features by Transgenic Manipulations of Acetylcholinesterase Gene Expression. WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED FROM TRANSGENIC MICE. What we have Learned from Gene-Targeted Mice: Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Knockouts. BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS. Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors. Brain Muscarinic Receptors: Lessons from Knockout Mice. Muscarinic Agonists and Antagonists - Some Therapeutic Applications. Visualization of Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptors in Brain by Positron Emission Tomography. ROLES OF THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM. Cholinergic Modulation of Cortical activity. The Contribution of the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System to Neuronal Plasticity. The Role of the Cholinergic System in Cognitive Processes. THERAPY. Cholinesterases in Human Brain. The Effect of Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Alzheimer and Related Disorders