Causality

Stephen Turner is Graduate Research Professor. His Ph.D. is from the University of Missouri. His dissertation, Sociological Explanation as Translation , was published in 1980 by Cambridge . He is the author of a number of books in the history and philosophy of social science and statistics, including books on Max Weber, on whom he also edited the Cambridge Companion volume. He is the co-author of the standard one-volume history of American Sociology, The Impossible Science. He has also written extensively in science studies, especially on patronage and the politics and economics of science, and on the concept of practices, including two books, The Social Theory of Practices and Brains//Practices/ Relativism . His Liberal Democracy 3.0: Civil Society in an Age of Experts, reflects his interest in the problem the political significance of science. Among his other current interests are problems of explaining normativity, especially the conflict between philosophical and social scientific accounts, and issues relating to the implications of cognitive neuroscience for social theory, especially related to the problem of tacit knowledge and mirror neurons. He is also engaged in a large project on the realism of Hans Kelsen and Max Weber and its relevance for contemporary discussions of political theory and law. His most recent book, Explaining the Normative (Polity 2010) is a critique and an alternative to the accounts of “normativity” one finds in philosophers like McDowell, Brandom, Korsgaard, Nagel, and the like. Among his other recent edited books are The SAGE Handbook of Social Science Methodology, with William Outhwaite, and The Routledge International Handbook of Contemporary Social and Political Theory, with Gerard Delanty. He has had fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences.

• VOLUME 1On the Study of Causes - L.A. QueteletQuetelet on Probabilities - John F.W. HerschelCausation - John VennMariage - Jacques BertillonThe Scientific Law - Karl PearsonCause and Effect-Probability - Karl PearsonContingency and Correlation-the Insufficiency of Causation - Karl PearsonOn the Correlation of Total Pauperism with Proportion of Out-Relief - G. Udny YuleAn Investigation into the Causes in Pauperism in England, Chiefly During the Last Two Intercensal Decades - G. Udny YulePartial Association - G. Udny YuleVOLUME 2The Generalizing Theories: Adequate cause - H.L.A. Hart and Tony HonoréConcerning Cause and the Law of Torts - Guido CalabresiCausation in Tort Law - Richard W. WrightCausal Ordering and Identifiability - Herbert A. SimonSpurious Correlation: A causal interpretation - Herbert A. SimonCorrelation and Causality: The multivariate case - H.M. Blalock, Jr.The Introduction of Additional Variables and the Problem of Spuriousness - Herbert HymanThe Introduction of Additional Variables and the Elaboration of Analysis - Herbert HymanThe Environment and Disease: Association or causation? - Austin Bradford HillInvestigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Models - C.W.J. GrangerSpurious Regressions in Econometrics - C.W.J. Granger and P. NewboldTesting for Causality: A personal viewpoint - C.W.J. GrangerStatistics and Causal Inference - Paul W. HollandStatistics and Causal Inference: Comment: Which ifs have causal answers? - Donald B. RubinStatistics and Causal Inference: Comment - D.R. CoxStatistics and Causal Inference: Comment: Statistics and metaphysics - Clark GlymourStatistics and Causal Inference: Comment - Clive GrangerStatistics and Causal Inference: Rejoinder - Paul W. HollandCausal Inference, Path Analysis, and Recursive Structural Equations Models - Paul W. HollandDangers of Cigarette Smoking - Ronald A. FisherCigarettes, Cancer, and Statistics - Ronald A. FisherThe Nature of Probability - Ronald A. FisherLung Cancer and Cigarettes - Ronald A. FisherCancer and Smoking - Ronald A. FisherInhaling - Ronald A. FisherReview - C.C. SpicerSample Selection Bias as a Specification Error - James J. HeckmanChoosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training - James J. Heckman and Joseph V. HotzChoosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training: Comment - Paul W. HollandChoosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training: Comment - Robert MoffittChoosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training: Rejoinder - James J. Heckman and Joseph V. HotzVOLUME 3Graphs, Causality, and Structural Equation Models - Judea PearlConfounding and Collapsibility in Causal Inference - Sander Greenland, Judea Pearl and James M. RobinsCausal Diagrams for Empirical Research - Judea PearlGraphical Models for Causation, and the Identification Problem - David A. FreedmanMeasures of Association for Cross Classifications - Leo A. Goodman and William H. KruskalSimple Models for the Analysis of Association in Cross-classifications Having Ordered Categories - Leo A. GoodmanThe Multivariate Analysis of Qualitative Data: Interactions among multiple classifications - Leo A. GoodmanThe Analysis of Cross-classified Data: Independence, quasi-independence, and interactions in contingency tables with or without missing entries - Leo A. GoodmanThe Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects - Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. RubinEstimating Causal Effects of Treatments in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies - Donald B. RubinConstructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods that Incorporate the Propensity Score - Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. RubinReducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score - Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. RubinIdentification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables - Joshua D. Angrist, Guido W. Imbens and Donald B. RubinBayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The role of randomization - Donald B. RubinEstimating Causal Effects from Large Data Sets Using Propensity Scores - Donald B. RubinAssignment of Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate - Donald B. RubinFrom Association to Causation in Observational Studies: The role of tests of strongly ignorable treatment assignment - Paul R. RosenbaumNotes on the Theory of Association of Attributes in Statistics - G. Udny YuleThe Interpretation of Interaction in Contingency Tables - E.H. SimpsonOn Simpson′s Paradox and the Sure-thing Principle - Colin R. BlythConfounding and Simpson′s Paradox - Steven A. Julious and Mark A. MulleeComment on: ′Confounding and Simpson′s Paradox′ - C.R. CharigEcological Correlations and the Behavior of Individuals - W.S. RobinsonSocial experiments: Some developments over the past fifteen years - T.D. Cook and W.R. ShadishThe Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations - Reuben M. Baron and David A. KennyVOLUME 4Causal Laws and Effective Strategies - Nancy CartwrightCauses and Conditions - J.L. MackieCausation - David LewisCausation - David LewisCausation as Influence - David LewisSmall n′s and Big Conclusions: An examination of the reasoning in comparative studies based on a small number of cases - Stanley LiebersonUtilizing Causal Models to Discover Flaws in Experiments - Herbert L. CostnerStatistical Models and Shoe Leather - David A. FreedmanFrom Association to Causation Via Regression - David A. FreedmanNuisance Variables and the Ex Post Facto Design - Paul MeehlThe Path Analysis Controversy: A new statistical approach to strong appraisal of verisimilitude - Paul E. Meehl and Nils G. Waller