Modeling Process in Geography

Yves Guermond is Emeritus Professor at the University of Rouen, France.

• Foreword. The Taste for Measuring and Modeling xiNicole MATHIEUPreface xxiiiAcknowledgements xxvChapter 1. The Place of Both the Model and Modeling in HSS 1Patrice LANGLOIS and Daniel REGUER1.1. Models and modeling: definitions 21.2. The mathematical concept of a model 51.3. Is there a specificity of HSS? 71.4. Modeling: explain to understand? 111.5. Bibliography 13Chapter 2. From Classic Models to Incremental Models 15Yves GUERMOND2.1. The geographic “object” 162.2. Lessons from the “classic models” 162.3. Introduction to dynamics and auto-organization 222.4. From auto-organization to complexity 262.5. Spatial agents 302.6. Incremental modeling 322.7. Bibliography 35Chapter 3. The Formalization of Knowledge in a Reality Simplifying System 39Françoise LUCCHINI3.1. Formalizing a complex cultural system using a series of perspectives 403.2. Differentiation of the system of cities by culture: contribution of the spatial analysis for testing the“global cultural model” 513.3. Alternative formalizations 633.4. Conclusion 693.5. Bibliography 69Chapter 4. Modeling and Territorial Forecasting: Issues at Stake in the Modeling of Réunion’s Spatial System 71Gilles LAJOIE4.1. Introduction 714.2. A few major theoretical breakthroughs for modeling spatial complexity 724.3. Modeling and territorial forecasting of the socio-spatial system of Réunion 784.4. Modeling of Réunion’s socio-spatial system 904.5. Towards a modeling of the dynamics of Réunion’s system 934.6. Conclusion 974.7. Bibliography 98Chapter 5. One Model May Conceal Another: Models of Health Geographies 101Alain VAGUET5.1. Modeling in order to surpass descriptions? 1025.2. Mode of the models and models in vogue 1045.3. Conclusion 1115.4. Bibliography 111Chapter 6. Operational Models in HMO 113Jean-François MARY and Jean-Manuel TOUSSAINT6.1. Buffer and barycenter to determine the location of cardiac defibrillation 1146.2. Thiessen’s accessibility formula 1176.3. Accessibility: the direct added-value of the GIS 1216.4. A regional database of road accessibility devoted to emergency 1236.5. The reallocation projects and their consequences 1266.6. Relocation of a medical clinic: simulation of a new accessibility 1316.7. Bibliography 134Chapter 7. Modeling Spatial Logics of Individual Behaviors: From Methodological Environmentalism to the Individual Resident Strategist 137Michel BUSSI7.1. Reconsidering spatial determinism: modeling versus local development 1387.2. Ecological methodology 1427.3. Towards a post-industrialist behavior 1497.4. From neighborhood effect to the theory of the citizen-resident-strategist 1527.5. Bibliography 157Chapter 8. Temporalities and Modeling of Regional Dynamics: The Case of the European Union 161Bernard ELISSALDE8.1. Integrating time and temporalities into spatial models 1628.2. Introduction of complexity theory in the interpretation of regional inequalities in Europe 1688.3. Conclusion 1868.4. Bibliography 188Chapter 9. Modeling the Watershed as a Complex Spatial System: A Review 191Daniel DELAHAYE9.1. Shape indices for measuring various forms of a watershed 1929.2. Organization of the networks 1939.3. Synthesis concerning the shape and organization indices 2009.4. From morphometry to complex systems 2029.5. Conclusion 2139.6. Bibliography 213Chapter 10. Understanding to Measure...or Measuring to Understand? HBDS: Towards a Conceptual Approach for the Geographic Modeling of the Real World 217Thierry SAINT-GERAND10.1. A forgotten face of the geographic approach 21710.2. Formalizing a spatial reasoning in databases 22610.3. Example of thematic application: the industrial risks at Notre- Dame-de-Gravenchon (lower Seinevalley) 24610.4. Back to the sources 25210.5. Bibliography 253Chapter 11. Complexity and Spatial Systems 255Patrice LANGLOIS11.1 The paradigm of complexity 25511.2. The systemic paradigm: from the combinatorial to emergence 26011.3. Moving towards a more formalized definition of the notion of a spatial system 26611.4. Bibliography 275Chapter 12. Cellular Automata for Modeling Spatial Systems 277Patrice LANGLOIS12.1. The concept of the automaton and its modeling 27712.2. A little bit of history 27812.3. The concept of the finite state automaton 27912.4. The concept of the cellular automaton 28512.5. CAs used for geographic modeling 29312.6. Bibliography 30612.7. Websites 307Chapter 13. Multi-Agent Systems for Simulation in Geography: Moving Towards an Artificial Geography 309Eric DAUDE13.1. Introduction 30913.2. From global to local description of structures and spatial dynamics 31013.3. Multi-agent systems 31313.4. Artificial geography: simulations of structures and spatial dynamics 31913.5. Conclusion 32913.6. Bibliography 329Conclusion 335Yves GUERMONDList of Authors 337Index 339