Sonar and Underwater Acoustics

Inbunden, Engelska, 2010

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Beskrivning

Sonar and Underwater Acoustics brings together all the concepts necessary for designers and users of sonar systems. Unlike other books on this subject, which are often too specialized, this book is accessible to a wider audience. The first part focuses on the acoustic environment, antenna structures, and electric acoustic interface. The latter provides knowledge required to design, as well as the development and implementation of chain processes for an active sonar from the conditioning input to output processing. The reader will find a comprehensive range of all problems encountered in underwater acoustics for a sonar application, from physical phenomena governing the environment and the corresponding constraints, through to the technical definition of transducers and antennas, and the types of signal processing involved. In one section, measures in underwater acoustics are also proposed.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2010-07-16
Mått:160 x 234 x 41 mm
Vikt:998 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:608
Förlag:ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN:9781848211896

Utforska kategorier

Övrig teknik och tillämpad vetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Mer om författaren

Jean-Paul Marage is currently retired from his main activities as an electronic engineer. He has formerly held positions as a CNAM electronic engineer; an Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité engineer for SUPELEC Paris; and was Manager, for 25 years, of the Research and development laboratory at Thales Underwater Systems, Sophia Antipolis, France. He also worked as an acoustic and electronic sonar system expert for 5 years and a CNAM (Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers) teacher in electronics for 25 years.Yvon Mori, Consultant, France. Although retired from his main activities as an electronic engineer, he is still Chairman of the SEE French Riviera (Société de l'Electricité, de l'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication) and the IEEE in France. He is also a COFRAC Auditor for programme 38 and trains engineers in mechanical vibration, shock analysis and electromagnetic compatibility for major companies. Before retirement he was, for 37 years, the manager of the environmental test and evaluation laboratory at Thales Underwater Systems in Sophia Antipolis, France.

Innehållsförteckning

Preface ixPART 1. THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 1Part 1. Introduction 3Chapter 1. Problematics 51.1. History 51.2. Underwater acoustics 71.3. Applications 91.4. Comparison with radar 101.5. Submarine detection and warfare 111.6. Submarine detection 111.7. Submarine detection: a veritable challenge 121.8. Overcoming the effects of the ocean 131.9. Sonar and information processing 16Chapter 2. Sound Propagation in the Marine Environment 192.1. General points 192.2. Characteristics of the marine environment 192.3. Models used 222.4. Propagation phenomena 282.5. Application examples 33Chapter 3. Noises and Reverberation 413.1. Classification of ambient noises 413.2. Analysis of noise sources 453.3. Wenz’ model of sea noise 513.4. Directivity of sea noise 523.5. Reverberation 55Chapter 4. Radiated and Inherent Noises 654.1. Radiated noise 65Chapter 5. Transmission of the Acoustic Signal: Sonar Equations 795.1. Introduction 795.2. Detection contrast and detection index 805.3. Transmission equation 815.4. Equation of passive sonar 885.5. Equation of active sonar 89PART 2. ACOUSTIC-ELECTRIC INTERFACE ANTENNA STRUCTURES 93Part 2. Introduction 95Chapter 6. Electric-acoustic and Acoustic-electric Transformations 976.1. Transducers and hydrophones 97Chapter 7. Performance and Structures of Acoustic Antennas 1137.1. Antennas and radiation 1137.2. Structures of sources and antennas 189Chapter 8. Electronic Transducer-hydrophone Adaptation 2118.1. Hydrophones 2118.2. Transducers 243Chapter 9. Electro-mechano-acoustic Analogies 2699.1. Methods of studying transducers and hydrophones 2699.2. Mechanic-electric equivalence 2709.3. Electric-acoustic equivalence 2759.4. Finite element method (FEM) 320PART 3. PROCESSING CHAIN OF ACTIVE SONAR 323Part 3. Introduction 325Chapter 10. Selection Criteria in Active Processing 32710.1. Selection criteria related to propagation 32710.2. Selection criteria relative to noise 33110.3. Selection criteria related to reverberation 33210.4. Selection criteria related to emission power 33310.5. Selection criteria related to the antenna 33510.6. Selection criteria for the operating frequency 33610.7. Selection criteria related to operational considerations 33710.8. Selection criteria related to the nature of targets 337Chapter 11. Processing Chain in Active Sonar 34111.1. General points 34111.2. Emission 34111.3. Reception 345Chapter 12. Basic Theoretical Notions in Active Processing 45912.1. The Doppler effect 45912.2. The Doppler effect in active sonar conditions 46412.3. Treatment of the signal 48512.4. Choice of an emission signal under active sonar conditions 503Chapter 13. Measurement in Underwater Acoustics 52513.1. Introduction 52513.2. Wave train method 53113.3. Precautions before measuring 53913.4. Acoustic measurements and calibrations of transducers 54213.5. Notion of uncertainty estimation and of maximum tolerated difference 55113.6. Other types of measurements in underwater acoustics 553APPENDICES 555Appendix 1. Logarithmic Scales 557Appendix 2. Equation of Sound in Fluids 563Appendix 3. Piezoelectricity Fundamentals 571Appendix 4. Vector Analysis ?Ï?nFundamentals 579Appendix 5. Reciprocity Theorem 593Appendix 6. Concrete Example of Uncertainty Estimation Based on the Reciprocity Calibration Method 601Bibliography 619Index 623