Dispersion Engineering for Integrated Nanophotonics

Olivier Vanbésien is Professor at the University of Lille and a researcher at IEMN (Institute of Electronics, Micro-electronics and Nanotechnology) in Villeneuve d'Ascq, France. He is the author of Artificial Materials, published in 2012, has authored and co-authored 70 papers in international journals and has presented 40 papers at international conferences. His current research field concerns the development of photonic crystal or metamaterial-based flat lenses for operation at 1.55m.Emmanuel Centeno is Professor at Blaise Pascal University in Clermont-Ferrand, France. His research fields cover electromagnetic theory and simulations of photonic crystals and metamaterials. He has recently developed new concepts of graded photonic crystals and second harmonic metamaterial flat lenses.

• INTRODUCTION viiCHAPTER 1. Two-Dimensional Dielectric Photonic Crystals 11.1. Context 11.2. Concepts: photonic band structures and equi-frequency curves 21.2.1. Basic concepts on electromagnetic waves in 2D PhCs 31.2.2. Dispersion surfaces, equi-frequency curves and group velocity 61.3. Fundamental dispersion effects 81.3.1. The construction line method 81.3.2. A beam propagation model 91.3.3. The self-collimation effect 121.3.4. Mesoscopic self-collimation of light 141.3.5. The superprism effect 181.3.6. Negative refraction and -1 effective index in photonic crystals and metamaterials 201.4. From concepts to reality 261.4.1. 2D½ prototype design 271.4.2. Thick substrate versus membrane approach 271.4.3. 2D patterning and prototype designs 291.4.4. The 3D reality 341.5. Conclusion 35CHAPTER 2. Flat Lenses 372.1. Context 372.2. Negative refraction based flat lenses 382.2.1. Effective parameters 382.2.2. A 2D photonic crystal based flat lens: dimensioning 422.2.3. Experiments 512.3. Gradient index lenses 562.3.1. GRIN lens concept 562.3.2. Negative index based GRIN lens (the hole case) 572.3.3. Positive index based GRIN lens (the pillar case) 592.3.4. Experimental evaluation of GRIN lenses 602.4. Conclusion 62CHAPTER 3. Towards Transform Optics Based Devices 633.1. Context 633.2. From transform Optics to Hamiltonian optics 643.2.1. Transform Optics 643.2.2. Conformal mapping 693.2.3. Hamiltonian optics 703.3. 1D graded photonic crystals 723.3.1. D graded photonic crystals 753.4. Cloaking devices 783.4.1. A brief overview of optical cloaking 793.4.2. A III-V based photonic crystal carpet: design and fabrication 813.4.3. A III-V based photonic crystal carpet: evaluation and discussion 833.5. Conclusion 85CONCLUSION 87BIBLIOGRAPHY 91INDEX 105