Advanced Smartgrids for Distribution System Operators, Volume 1

AvMarc Boillot

Inbunden, Engelska, 2014

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Beskrivning

The dynamic of the Energy Transition is engaged in many region of the World. This is a real challenge for electric systems and a paradigm shift for existing distribution networks. With the help of "advanced" smart technologies, the Distribution System Operators will have a central role to integrate massively renewable generation, electric vehicle and demand response programs. Many projects are on-going to develop and assess advanced smart grids solutions, with already some lessons learnt. In the end, the Smart Grid is a mean for Distribution System Operators to ensure the quality and the security of power supply.Several books have been written to provide a definition of Smart grids, explore the different technical evolution needed and explain / analyse what would be the benefits. All those books are conducted on theoretical basis by academics and strategy consultants. This new book will propose a complementary and singular approach based on a practical experience from DSO's.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2014-11-21
Mått:163 x 236 x 20 mm
Vikt:295 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:256
Förlag:ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN:9781848217379

Utforska kategorier

Elektronik och kommunikationer inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Mer om författaren

Marc Boillot, Senior Vice President, Project Development and International at ERDF, France

Innehållsförteckning

FOREWORD xiiiPREFACE xviiACKNOWLEDGMENTS xixLIST OF FIGURES xxiLIST OF ACRONYMS xxvWELCOME TO “ADVANCED SMART GRIDS” xxxiCHAPTER 1. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OPERATORS IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT 11.1. Energy policies promoting the energy transition 11.2. A new era of technological revolution 9CHAPTER 2. THE EXISTING DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS: DESIGN AND OPERATION 132.1. Above all, smart grids remain grids! 142.2. The DSO, a player at the heart of the power system 152.3. A necessary mastery of technical and regulatory constraints 182.4. Generalities of network design 222.4.1. Energy transformers 242.4.2. Wiring and architectures 252.4.3. Safeguard devices 282.4.4. Sensors, digital equipment and software 292.4.5. The importance of telecommunication for operating the distribution networks 312.5. The factors that differentiate network architecture 332.5.1. Voltage levels 342.5.2. The neutral point treatment in MV networks 362.5.3. The balance between automation, redundancy and reliability 392.5.4. The density and layout of the serviced area 402.5.5. The variation in building design 412.6. Network safety and planning 412.6.1. Development of distribution networks 432.6.2. Operating distribution networks 432.6.3. Studies in operational safety 442.6.4. Monte Carlo method 442.6.5. Some results from applying the Monte Carlo method 452.7. Progressive modernization of a distribution network – the French example 462.7.1. Standardization (1950–1965) and expansion of the network (1965–1985) 472.7.2. Achieving a minimal quality level for every customer 482.7.3. Targeted improvement of quality according to needs 502.7.4. Progressive desensitization of networks toward climate hazards 51CHAPTER 3. MAIN DRIVERS AND FUNCTIONS OF ADVANCED SMART GRIDS 533.1. Drivers of the evolution of distribution grids 533.1.1. Massive integration of renewable energy sources 533.1.2. Contribution to the development of electric vehicle and the charging infrastructures 553.1.3. Implementation of new market mechanisms (peak shaving, capacity market, etc.) 573.1.4. Participation in the development of new uses contributing to energy efficiency 603.1.5. Urban renewal and the rise of the smart city in favor of resource optimization 613.1.6. Integration of energy storage solutions 623.2. Main functions of the advanced smart grid 683.2.1. Toward dynamic network management by the distribution system operators 683.2.2. Structuring the target model based on key functions 693.2.3. Enhancing efficiency in day-to-day grid operation 723.2.4. Ensuring network security, system control and quality of supply 753.2.5. Improving market functioning and customer service 773.2.6. European network codes 79CHAPTER 4. METERING: A CORE ACTIVITY OF THE DSOS 814.1. Smart meters are key tools for the deployment of smart grids 814.2. A continuous improvement and innovation approach 824.2.1. From manual to remote reading for mass market customers 824.2.2. 20 years of smart metering and remote reading for industrial clients 834.3. AMI metering systems 844.4. Focus on Linky smart metering system 904.4.1. Scope of the project 904.4.2. Architecture and technical choices 924.4.3. A point on system operation 944.4.4. Scalability and security of the Linky system 994.4.5. Techno-economic analysis 1004.5. Focus on G3-PLC technology 1014.5.1. Communication principles of the power line carrier 1014.5.2. Different types of physical level PLC modulation technique 1014.5.3. The characteristics of G3-PLC technology 1054.5.4. G3-PLC is a mature standard 1094.6. The contribution of smart meters for the development of advanced smart grids 1114.6.1. France: Linky at the service of the distribution network 111CHAPTER 5. FOCUS ON FLEXIBILITY OPTIONS 1195.1. Flexibility, a complementary tool for DSOs 1195.1.1. Introduction 1195.1.2. DSO needs in terms of flexibility 1205.1.3. The value of flexibility 1235.1.4. Alliander Smart Grids Cost Benefits Analysis (source: Alliander) 1245.1.5. Two major categories of levers can be activated 1265.1.6. Analysis of the Merit Order 1275.1.7. Information exchange mechanism between DSO and TSO 1285.1.8. Lessons learned from several international business cases 1285.2. Participation of end users to flexibility services 1305.2.1. Introduction 1305.2.2. Focus on different tools and services downstream of the smart meter 1325.2.3. The necessary engagement of end-customers 1375.2.4. International benchmark and lessons learnt 1385.3. Data management as key success factor 1395.3.1. DSOs have a long experience in data management 1395.3.2. DSO, the market facilitator 142CHAPTER 6. PILOT PROJECTS AND USE CASES 1456.1. A global dynamic with regional specificities 1456.2. North America 1476.2.1. Drivers of smart grids development 1476.2.2. Primary experimental approaches 1486.3. Asia 1506.3.1. Drivers of smart grids development 1506.3.2. A proactive experimental approach 1516.4. Europe 1546.4.1. Drivers of smart grids development 1546.4.2. Primary experimental approaches 1576.5. The European project Grid4EU, fosters and accelerates experience sharing 1586.5.1. A large-scale demonstration project bringing together six European DSOs 1586.5.2. DEMO 1 (Germany – RWE) MV network operation automation and determining the ratio of decentralized intelligence in secondary substations 1606.5.3. DEMO 2 (Sweden – Vattenfal): a tool for LV operation and in particular identifying LV failures 1616.5.4. DEMO 3 (Spain – Iberdrola) MV and LV failure detection, reconfiguration of the MV network during an incident 1626.5.5. DEMO 4 (Italy – ENEL) economic model and technical operation of storage, MV voltage regulation, anti-islanding of decentralized generation 1646.5.6. DEMO 5 (Czech Republic – CEZ) operating islanding with co-generation, MV and LV failure detection and reconfiguration of the MV network following an incident 1656.5.7. DEMO6 (France – ERDF): project NiceGrid 1676.6. An approach based on use cases 1686.6.1. Definition 1686.6.2. Advantages 1696.6.3. The development of use cases 1696.7. Focus on some advanced projects of the ISGAN case book about Demand Side Management 1716.7.1. Denmark – EcoGrid EU 1736.7.2. Japan – Kitakyushu Smart Community Creation Project 1746.7.3. The Netherlands – PowerMatchingCity 1756.7.4. Canada – a virtual power plant to balance wind energy 177CHAPTER 7. SMART GRIDS ARE THE FUTURE FOR DSO 1817.1. Advanced smart grids for DSOs worldwide 1817.1.1. The evolution towards smart grids is ineluctable 1817.1.2. The development of smart grids is a necessity for the DSOs 1837.1.3. But also an opportunity 1857.2. A necessary evolution of skills and jobs of the DSOs 1867.2.1. Competences are necessary to conduct experimentations successfully and to get the most feedback from them 1867.2.2. Once the experiments are finished, the resources and competences need to be reinforced in preparation for large-scale industrialization and deployment 1877.3. The French electrical sector mobilizes: the “Smart Grids” plan 189CHAPTER 8. KEY FINDINGS 1938.1. Smart grids or the real network revolution 1938.1.1. Smart grids 1948.2. More RES means more network 1958.3. The DSO is a facilitator 1968.4. Consumer or “consum’player”? 1978.5. Smart meter at the service of smart grids 1998.6. A smart bubble? 1998.7. Invest to save? 2018.8. Smart grids: a genuine industrial opportunity 201BIBLIOGRAPHY 203INDEX 211