Carla Fabiana Chiasserini is Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications at the Polytechnic University of Turin in Italy.Marco Gribaudo is Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering at the Polytechnic University of Milan in Italy.Daniele Manini is Assistant Professor in the Computer Science Department of the University of Turin in Italy.

• Preface ixIntroduction xiList of Acronyms xvPart 1. Sensor Networks 1Chapter 1. Fluid Models and Energy Issues 31.1. The fluid-based approach 41.1.1. Sensor density and traffic generation 51.1.2. Data routing 51.1.3. Local and relay traffic rates 61.1.4. Channel contention and data transmission 61.1.5. Mean packet delivery delay  71.1.6. Sensor active/sleep behavior 71.2. Network scenario 71.3. The sensor network model 111.3.1. A minimum energy routing strategy: computing u(r:r) 111.3.2. Channel contention and data transmission: computing s(r) and PR(r) 171.3.3. Mean packet delivery delay: computing q(r) 221.4. Results 241.4.1. Model validation 251.4.2. Model exploitation  281.4.3. Model solution complexity and accuracy  35Chapter 2. Hybrid Automata for Transient Delay Analysis 372.1. Event detection in WSNs 372.1.1. The 802.15.4 MAC protocol 392.2. Model for single-hop network topologies 402.2.1. Single message transfer 402.2.2. Multiple message transfers 432.3. Solution technique 442.3.1. Time discretization 442.3.2. Transient solution 462.3.3. Performance metrics computation 492.4. Model for multi-hop network topologies 502.5. Model validation and exploitation results 522.6. Discussion 57Part 2. Vehicular Networks 59Chapter 3. Safety Message Broadcasting 613.1. System description 623.2. Dissemination of safety messages 633.2.1. The spatial differentiation approach 633.2.2. The safety application 643.3. Assumptions and notations 653.4. Model outline 663.5. Computation of the block probability 673.6. Computation of the probability of first reception 693.6.1. A Gaussian approximation to the transient system behavior 733.7. Performance evaluation 773.7.1. The impact of power capture 773.7.2. The case of occupation probability ρ = 1 793.7.3. The case of homogeneous occupation probability ρ < 1 803.7.4. The case of inhomogeneous occupation probability 833.7.5. The impact of the forwarding policy 85Chapter 4. Modeling Information Sharing 894.1. System scenario 894.2. Modeling information exchange in IVN 904.2.1. Model description 914.3. Computation of the probability of successful information retrieval 934.4. Model validation and exploitation 98Part 3. Cellular Networks 103Chapter 5. Multi-RAT Algorithms 1055.1. RAT network 1065.1.1. Scenario 1075.1.2. RAT selection strategy 1085.2. Network model 1095.2.1. Functional rates 1105.3. Model solution 1155.3.1. Analytical approach 1155.3.2. Computation of performance metrics 1175.4. Performance evaluation  1185.4.1. Setting and results 119Bibliography 123Index 127

Carla Fabiana Chiasserini is Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications at the Polytechnic University of Turin in Italy.Marco Gribaudo is Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering at the Polytechnic University of Milan in Italy.Daniele Manini is Assistant Professor in the Computer Science Department of the University of Turin in Italy.

• Preface ixIntroduction xiList of Acronyms xvPart 1. Sensor Networks 1Chapter 1. Fluid Models and Energy Issues 31.1. The fluid-based approach 41.1.1. Sensor density and traffic generation 51.1.2. Data routing 51.1.3. Local and relay traffic rates 61.1.4. Channel contention and data transmission 61.1.5. Mean packet delivery delay  71.1.6. Sensor active/sleep behavior 71.2. Network scenario 71.3. The sensor network model 111.3.1. A minimum energy routing strategy: computing u(r:r) 111.3.2. Channel contention and data transmission: computing s(r) and PR(r) 171.3.3. Mean packet delivery delay: computing q(r) 221.4. Results 241.4.1. Model validation 251.4.2. Model exploitation  281.4.3. Model solution complexity and accuracy  35Chapter 2. Hybrid Automata for Transient Delay Analysis 372.1. Event detection in WSNs 372.1.1. The 802.15.4 MAC protocol 392.2. Model for single-hop network topologies 402.2.1. Single message transfer 402.2.2. Multiple message transfers 432.3. Solution technique 442.3.1. Time discretization 442.3.2. Transient solution 462.3.3. Performance metrics computation 492.4. Model for multi-hop network topologies 502.5. Model validation and exploitation results 522.6. Discussion 57Part 2. Vehicular Networks 59Chapter 3. Safety Message Broadcasting 613.1. System description 623.2. Dissemination of safety messages 633.2.1. The spatial differentiation approach 633.2.2. The safety application 643.3. Assumptions and notations 653.4. Model outline 663.5. Computation of the block probability 673.6. Computation of the probability of first reception 693.6.1. A Gaussian approximation to the transient system behavior 733.7. Performance evaluation 773.7.1. The impact of power capture 773.7.2. The case of occupation probability ρ = 1 793.7.3. The case of homogeneous occupation probability ρ < 1 803.7.4. The case of inhomogeneous occupation probability 833.7.5. The impact of the forwarding policy 85Chapter 4. Modeling Information Sharing 894.1. System scenario 894.2. Modeling information exchange in IVN 904.2.1. Model description 914.3. Computation of the probability of successful information retrieval 934.4. Model validation and exploitation 98Part 3. Cellular Networks 103Chapter 5. Multi-RAT Algorithms 1055.1. RAT network 1065.1.1. Scenario 1075.1.2. RAT selection strategy 1085.2. Network model 1095.2.1. Functional rates 1105.3. Model solution 1155.3.1. Analytical approach 1155.3.2. Computation of performance metrics 1175.4. Performance evaluation  1185.4.1. Setting and results 119Bibliography 123Index 127

Carla Fabiana Chiasserini is Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications at the Polytechnic University of Turin in Italy.Marco Gribaudo is Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering at the Polytechnic University of Milan in Italy.Daniele Manini is Assistant Professor in the Computer Science Department of the University of Turin in Italy.

• Preface ixIntroduction xiList of Acronyms xvPart 1. Sensor Networks 1Chapter 1. Fluid Models and Energy Issues 31.1. The fluid-based approach 41.1.1. Sensor density and traffic generation 51.1.2. Data routing 51.1.3. Local and relay traffic rates 61.1.4. Channel contention and data transmission 61.1.5. Mean packet delivery delay  71.1.6. Sensor active/sleep behavior 71.2. Network scenario 71.3. The sensor network model 111.3.1. A minimum energy routing strategy: computing u(r:r) 111.3.2. Channel contention and data transmission: computing s(r) and PR(r) 171.3.3. Mean packet delivery delay: computing q(r) 221.4. Results 241.4.1. Model validation 251.4.2. Model exploitation  281.4.3. Model solution complexity and accuracy  35Chapter 2. Hybrid Automata for Transient Delay Analysis 372.1. Event detection in WSNs 372.1.1. The 802.15.4 MAC protocol 392.2. Model for single-hop network topologies 402.2.1. Single message transfer 402.2.2. Multiple message transfers 432.3. Solution technique 442.3.1. Time discretization 442.3.2. Transient solution 462.3.3. Performance metrics computation 492.4. Model for multi-hop network topologies 502.5. Model validation and exploitation results 522.6. Discussion 57Part 2. Vehicular Networks 59Chapter 3. Safety Message Broadcasting 613.1. System description 623.2. Dissemination of safety messages 633.2.1. The spatial differentiation approach 633.2.2. The safety application 643.3. Assumptions and notations 653.4. Model outline 663.5. Computation of the block probability 673.6. Computation of the probability of first reception 693.6.1. A Gaussian approximation to the transient system behavior 733.7. Performance evaluation 773.7.1. The impact of power capture 773.7.2. The case of occupation probability ρ = 1 793.7.3. The case of homogeneous occupation probability ρ < 1 803.7.4. The case of inhomogeneous occupation probability 833.7.5. The impact of the forwarding policy 85Chapter 4. Modeling Information Sharing 894.1. System scenario 894.2. Modeling information exchange in IVN 904.2.1. Model description 914.3. Computation of the probability of successful information retrieval 934.4. Model validation and exploitation 98Part 3. Cellular Networks 103Chapter 5. Multi-RAT Algorithms 1055.1. RAT network 1065.1.1. Scenario 1075.1.2. RAT selection strategy 1085.2. Network model 1095.2.1. Functional rates 1105.3. Model solution 1155.3.1. Analytical approach 1155.3.2. Computation of performance metrics 1175.4. Performance evaluation  1185.4.1. Setting and results 119Bibliography 123Index 127