Werner Schroeder is Full Professor of Law at the University of Innsbruck.

• Part I: Introduction1. The European Union and the Rule of Law—State of Affairs and Ways of Strengthening Werner SchroederPart II: Core Elements of the Rule of Law 2. Principle of Legality and the Hierarchy of Norms Franz Merli3. Access to Justice and Judicial Independence: Is There a Role for the EU? Attila Badó and János Bóka4. Transparency as Part of a European Rule of Law Inger Österdahl5. Legal Certainty Anna Gamper6. The Principle of Proportionality Peter M HuberPart III: Council of Europe and European Union—Different Concepts of the Rule of Law?7. The Council of Europe and the Rule of Law Jörg Polakiewicz and Jenny Sandvig8. The Rule of Law in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights Elisabeth Steiner9. The Rule of Law in the Recent Jurisprudence of the ECJ Thomas von DanwitzPart IV: Mechanisms of Implementing the Rule of Law in Europe10. Reinforcement of the Rule of Law Oversight in the European Union: Key Options Carlos Closa and Dimitry Kochenov11. The EU Rule of Law Framework Emmanuel Crabit and Nicolaas Bel12. Global Activities and Current Initiatives in the Union to Strengthen the Rule of Law—A State of Play Andreas J Kumin13. Managing the Rule of Law in a Heterogeneous Context: A Fundamental Rights Perspective on Ways Forward Gabriel N Toggenburg and Jonas GrimhedenPart V: Institutional Implications of Implementing the Rule of Law in Europe14. The EU and Rule of Law—The Unavoidable Question of: Who Controls it? Gregor Schusterschitz15. The Rule of Law in European Policy: A Parliamentarian’s View Eva Lichtenberger16. The Rule of Law and the Constitutionalisation of the European Union Monica Claes and Matteo Bonelli

Werner Schroeder is Full Professor of Law at the University of Innsbruck.

• Part I: Introduction1. The European Union and the Rule of Law—State of Affairs and Ways of Strengthening Werner SchroederPart II: Core Elements of the Rule of Law 2. Principle of Legality and the Hierarchy of Norms Franz Merli3. Access to Justice and Judicial Independence: Is There a Role for the EU? Attila Badó and János Bóka4. Transparency as Part of a European Rule of Law Inger Österdahl5. Legal Certainty Anna Gamper6. The Principle of Proportionality Peter M HuberPart III: Council of Europe and European Union—Different Concepts of the Rule of Law?7. The Council of Europe and the Rule of Law Jörg Polakiewicz and Jenny Sandvig8. The Rule of Law in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights Elisabeth Steiner9. The Rule of Law in the Recent Jurisprudence of the ECJ Thomas von DanwitzPart IV: Mechanisms of Implementing the Rule of Law in Europe10. Reinforcement of the Rule of Law Oversight in the European Union: Key Options Carlos Closa and Dimitry Kochenov11. The EU Rule of Law Framework Emmanuel Crabit and Nicolaas Bel12. Global Activities and Current Initiatives in the Union to Strengthen the Rule of Law—A State of Play Andreas J Kumin13. Managing the Rule of Law in a Heterogeneous Context: A Fundamental Rights Perspective on Ways Forward Gabriel N Toggenburg and Jonas GrimhedenPart V: Institutional Implications of Implementing the Rule of Law in Europe14. The EU and Rule of Law—The Unavoidable Question of: Who Controls it? Gregor Schusterschitz15. The Rule of Law in European Policy: A Parliamentarian’s View Eva Lichtenberger16. The Rule of Law and the Constitutionalisation of the European Union Monica Claes and Matteo Bonelli

Werner Schroeder is Full Professor of Law at the University of Innsbruck.

• Part I: Introduction1. The European Union and the Rule of Law—State of Affairs and Ways of Strengthening Werner SchroederPart II: Core Elements of the Rule of Law 2. Principle of Legality and the Hierarchy of Norms Franz Merli3. Access to Justice and Judicial Independence: Is There a Role for the EU? Attila Badó and János Bóka4. Transparency as Part of a European Rule of Law Inger Österdahl5. Legal Certainty Anna Gamper6. The Principle of Proportionality Peter M HuberPart III: Council of Europe and European Union—Different Concepts of the Rule of Law?7. The Council of Europe and the Rule of Law Jörg Polakiewicz and Jenny Sandvig8. The Rule of Law in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights Elisabeth Steiner9. The Rule of Law in the Recent Jurisprudence of the ECJ Thomas von DanwitzPart IV: Mechanisms of Implementing the Rule of Law in Europe10. Reinforcement of the Rule of Law Oversight in the European Union: Key Options Carlos Closa and Dimitry Kochenov11. The EU Rule of Law Framework Emmanuel Crabit and Nicolaas Bel12. Global Activities and Current Initiatives in the Union to Strengthen the Rule of Law—A State of Play Andreas J Kumin13. Managing the Rule of Law in a Heterogeneous Context: A Fundamental Rights Perspective on Ways Forward Gabriel N Toggenburg and Jonas GrimhedenPart V: Institutional Implications of Implementing the Rule of Law in Europe14. The EU and Rule of Law—The Unavoidable Question of: Who Controls it? Gregor Schusterschitz15. The Rule of Law in European Policy: A Parliamentarian’s View Eva Lichtenberger16. The Rule of Law and the Constitutionalisation of the European Union Monica Claes and Matteo Bonelli