Edited by Bruce J. Caldwell, Research Professor of Economics and Director, Center for the History of Political Economy, Duke University, US

• THE PHILOSOPHY AND METHODOLOGY OF ECONOMICSBRUCE J CALDWELLVOLUME ICommentary on the Classics and on the Related Secondary Literature1. Frank H Knight (1940), "What is "Truth" in Economics ?", Journal of Political Economy, XLVIII, 1. 1-32.2. T W Hutchison (1941), "The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economic Theory: A Reply to Professor Knight", Journal of Political Economy, XLIX, 5, 732-50.3. K Klappholz and J Agassi (1959), "Methodological Prescription in Economics", Economica, XXVI, 101, 60-74.4. G C Archibald (1961), "Chamberlin versus Chicago", Review of Economic Studies, XXIX, 1, 78, 2-28.5. George Stigler (1963), "Archibald Versus Chicago", Review of Economic Studies, 63-64.6. Milton Friedman (1963), "More on Archibald Versus Chicago", Review of Economic Studies, 65-67.7. G C Archibald (1963), "Reply to Chicago", Review of Economic Studies, 68-71.8. Jacques Melitz (1965), "Friedman and Machlup on the Significance of Testing Economic Assumptions", Journal of Political Economy, LXXIII, 37-60.9. D V T Bear and Daniel Orr (1967), "Logic and Expediency in Economic Theorizing", Journal of Political Economy, 75, 188-96.(8)10. Stanley Wong, "'The F-Twist'and the Methodology of Paul Samuelson", American Economic Review, 312-325.(13)11. Alan Coddington (1979), "Friedman's Contribution to Methodological Controversy", British Review of Economic Issues, 2, 4, 1-13.(13)12. Bart Nooteboom (1986), "Plausibility in Economics", Economics and Philosophy, 197-224.(28)13. Uskali Mäki (1989), "On the Problem of Realism in Economics", Ricerche Economiche, XLVIII, 1-2, 176-198.(23)14. Daniel Hammond (1991), "An Interview with Milton Friedman on Methodology", (to be printed in Research in the History of Economic Thought), pp 1-24.(24)15. Yuichi Shionoya (1990), "Instrumentalism in Schumpeter's Economic Methodology", History of Political Economy, 22, 2, 187-222.(36)16. Daniel Hausman (1989), "Economic Methodology in a Nutshell", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 2, 115-27.(13)2. Rationality17. Gary S Becker (1962), "Irrational Behavior and Economic Theory", Journal of Political Economy, LXX, 1, 1-13.(13)18. Alan P Hamlin (1986), "Individual Rationality", Ethics, Economics and the State, Harvester Wheatsheaf, Chapter 2, 12-59; 178-80; 186-93.(58)19. Robert Sugden(1985), "Why be Consistent ? A Critical Analysis of Consistency Requirements in Choice Theory", Economica, 52, 206, 167-83.(17)20. Amitai Etzioni (1986), "The Case for a Multiple-Utility Conception", Economics and Philosophy, 2, 2, 159-83.(25)21. Timothy J Brennan (1989), "A Methodological Assessment of Multiple Utility Frameworks", Economics and Philosophy, 5, 2, 189-208.(20)22. Jon Elster (1988), "The Nature and Scope of Rational-Choice Explanation", Science in Reflection, Edna Ullmann-Margalit (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 51-65.(15)23. Jon Elster (1989), "Social Norms and Economic Theory", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 4, 99-117.(19)Total No. of pages451�VOLUME II3. Estimation, Prediction and testing24. Wesley C Mitchell (1925), "Quantitative Analysis in Economic Theory", American Economic Review, XV, 1, 1-12.(12)25. Tjalling Koopmans (1947), "Measurement without Theory", Review of Economics and Statistics, XXIX, 3, 161-72.(12)26. Rutledge Vining and Tjalling Koopmans (1949), "Methodological Issues in Quantitative Economics", Review of Economics and Statistics, XXXI, 2, 77-94.(18)27. Deborah Mayo (1981), "Testing Statistical Testing", Philosophy in Economics , J C Pitt (ed.), Reidel Publishing, 175-203.(29)28. Adrian Pagan (1987), "Three Econometric Methodologies: An Appraisal", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1, 1, 3-24.(22)29. Mary Morgan (1988), "Finding a satisfactory Empirical Model", The Popperian Legacy in Economics, N de Marchi (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 199-211.(13)30. Donald N McCloskey (1988), "The Limits of Expertise: If You're so smart, Why ain't you rich ?", American Scholar, 393-406.(14)4. Value Judgements in Economics31. T W Hutchison (1964), "Types and Sources of Value-Judgments and Bias", Positive Economics and Policy Objectives, Allen and Unwin, Chapter 2, 51-119.(69)32. Fritz Machlup (1969), "Positive and Normative Economics", Economic Means and Social Ends: Essays in Political Economics, Prentice-Hall, 99-129.(31)5. The Scope and Boundary of EconomicsI. Framing the issues -The economist as imperialist33. Jack Hirshliefer (1985), "The Expanding Domain of Economics", American Economic Review Special Issue, 53-68.(16)34. George Stigler and Gary Becker (1977), "De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum", American Economic Review, 76-90.(15)35. Paul J H Schoemaker (1991), "The Quest for optimality: A positive heuristic of science ?", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 2, 205-215.(11)II. Economics and Biology36. Armen Alchian (1950), "Uncertainty, Evolution and Economic Theory", Journal of Political Economy, LVIII, 211-21.(11)37. Richard Nelson and Sidney Winter (1974), "NeoClassical vs. Evolutionary Theories of Economic Growth: Critique and Prospectus", Economic Journal, 336, 84, 886-905.(20)38. Jack Hirshleifer (1977), " Economics from a Biographical Viewpoint", Journal of Law & Economics, XX, 1, 1-52.(52)39. Ronald Heiner (1983), "The Origin of Predictable Behavior", American Economic Review, 560-95.(36)III. Experimental Economics40. Paul Schoemaker (1982), "The Expected Utility Model: Its Variants, Purposes, Evidence and Limitations", Journal of Economic Literature,  XX, 529-63.(35)41. Vernon Smith (1989), "Theory, Experiment and Economics", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 1, 151-69.(19)IV. Constitutional Economics42. James Buchanan (1990), "The Domain of Constitutional Economics", Constitutional Political Economy, 1, 1, 1-18.(18)Total No. of Pages453�VOLUME III6. Karl Popper43. Karl Popper (1985), "The Rationality Principle", Popper Selections, Miller (ed.), Princeton University Press, 356-65.(10)44. Douglas W Hands (1985),"Karl Popper and Economic Methodology: A New Look", Economics and Philosophy, 1, 1, 83-99.(17)45. Mark Blaug (1985), "Comment on D Wade Hands, "Karl Popper and Economic Methodology: A New Look", Economics and Philosophy, 1, 2, 286-88.(3)46. Neil de Marchi (1988), "Popper and the LSE Economist", The Popperian Legacy in Economics, Cambridge University Press, 139-66.(28)47. Bruce J Caldwell (1991), "Clarifying Popper", Journal of Economic Literature, XXIX, 1-33.(33)7. Imre Lakatos48. Spiro J Latsis (1972), "Situational Determinism in Economics", British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 23, 207-45.(39)49. Douglas W Hands (1985), "Second Thoughts on Lakatos", History of Political Economy, 17, 1, 1-16.(16)50. E Roy Weintraub (1985), "Appraising General Equilibrium Analysis", Economics and Philosophy, 1, 1, 23-37.(15)51. E Roy Weintraub (1988), "The Neo-Walrasian Program is Empirically Progressive", The Popperian Legacy in Economics, N de Marchi (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 213-27.(15)52. Mark Blaug (1990), "Second Thoughts on the Keynesian Revolution", Economic Theories, True or False, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 88-106.(19)53.Bruce J Caldwell (1991), "The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes in Economics: Criticisms and Conjectures", Economics, Culture and Education: Essays in Honour of Mark Blaug, G K Shaw (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing, chapter 8, 95-107. (13)8. Some alternative approachesI. Rhetoric of Economics54. Uskali Mäki (1988), "How to Combine Rhetoric and Realism in the Methodology of Economics", Economics and Philosophy, 1, 4, 89-109.(21)55. Stanley Fish (1989), "Comments from Outside Economics", The Consequences of Economic Rhetoric, Klamer, McCloskey and Solow (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 21-30.(10)II. Hermeneutics56. Georgia Warnke (1984), "Translator's Introduction", A Transcendental-Pragmatic Perspective, Karl-Otto Apel (ed.), MIT Press, vii-xx , 251-52.(16)57. Michael Bacharach (1989), "The Role of 'Verstehen' in Economic Theory", Ricerche Economiche, XLIII, 1-2. 129-50.(22)58. John Hicks (1986), "Rational Behavior: Observation or Assumption ?", Subjectivism, Intelligibility & Economic Understanding, New York University Press, 102-110. (9)III. Structuralism59. D W Hands (1985), "The Structuralist View of Economic Theories: A Review Essay", Economics and Philosophy, 1,2, 303-35.(33)9. Assessing Economic Theory, with special attention to general equilibrium theory60. Frank Hahn (1973), On the Notion of Equilibrium in Economics: An Inaugural Lecture, Cambridge University Press, 1-44.(44)61. Alan Coddington (1975), "The Rationale of General Equilibrium", Economic Inquiry, XIII, 4, 539-58.(20)62. Allan Gibbard and Hal Varian (1978), "Economic Models", Journal of Philosophy, LXXXV, 11664-77.(14)63. Edward J Green (1981), "On the Role of Fundamental Theory in Positive Economics", Philosophy in Economics, Pitt (ed.), Reidel, 5-15.(11)64. Alex Rosenberg (1983), "If Economics isn't Science, What is it ?", Philosophical Forum, XIV, 3-4, 296-314.(19)65. Andrea Salanti (1989), "'Internal ' Criticisms in Economic Theory: Are They Really Conclusive ?", Economic Notes, 1-15.(15)66. Daniel Hausman (1989), "Explanatory Progress in Economics", Social Research, 56, 2, 361-81.(21)Total No. of Pages422GRAND TOTAL OF PAGES FOR 3 VOLS1336

Edited by Bruce J. Caldwell, Research Professor of Economics and Director, Center for the History of Political Economy, Duke University, US

• THE PHILOSOPHY AND METHODOLOGY OF ECONOMICSBRUCE J CALDWELLVOLUME ICommentary on the Classics and on the Related Secondary Literature1. Frank H Knight (1940), "What is "Truth" in Economics ?", Journal of Political Economy, XLVIII, 1. 1-32.2. T W Hutchison (1941), "The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economic Theory: A Reply to Professor Knight", Journal of Political Economy, XLIX, 5, 732-50.3. K Klappholz and J Agassi (1959), "Methodological Prescription in Economics", Economica, XXVI, 101, 60-74.4. G C Archibald (1961), "Chamberlin versus Chicago", Review of Economic Studies, XXIX, 1, 78, 2-28.5. George Stigler (1963), "Archibald Versus Chicago", Review of Economic Studies, 63-64.6. Milton Friedman (1963), "More on Archibald Versus Chicago", Review of Economic Studies, 65-67.7. G C Archibald (1963), "Reply to Chicago", Review of Economic Studies, 68-71.8. Jacques Melitz (1965), "Friedman and Machlup on the Significance of Testing Economic Assumptions", Journal of Political Economy, LXXIII, 37-60.9. D V T Bear and Daniel Orr (1967), "Logic and Expediency in Economic Theorizing", Journal of Political Economy, 75, 188-96.(8)10. Stanley Wong, "'The F-Twist'and the Methodology of Paul Samuelson", American Economic Review, 312-325.(13)11. Alan Coddington (1979), "Friedman's Contribution to Methodological Controversy", British Review of Economic Issues, 2, 4, 1-13.(13)12. Bart Nooteboom (1986), "Plausibility in Economics", Economics and Philosophy, 197-224.(28)13. Uskali Mäki (1989), "On the Problem of Realism in Economics", Ricerche Economiche, XLVIII, 1-2, 176-198.(23)14. Daniel Hammond (1991), "An Interview with Milton Friedman on Methodology", (to be printed in Research in the History of Economic Thought), pp 1-24.(24)15. Yuichi Shionoya (1990), "Instrumentalism in Schumpeter's Economic Methodology", History of Political Economy, 22, 2, 187-222.(36)16. Daniel Hausman (1989), "Economic Methodology in a Nutshell", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 2, 115-27.(13)2. Rationality17. Gary S Becker (1962), "Irrational Behavior and Economic Theory", Journal of Political Economy, LXX, 1, 1-13.(13)18. Alan P Hamlin (1986), "Individual Rationality", Ethics, Economics and the State, Harvester Wheatsheaf, Chapter 2, 12-59; 178-80; 186-93.(58)19. Robert Sugden(1985), "Why be Consistent ? A Critical Analysis of Consistency Requirements in Choice Theory", Economica, 52, 206, 167-83.(17)20. Amitai Etzioni (1986), "The Case for a Multiple-Utility Conception", Economics and Philosophy, 2, 2, 159-83.(25)21. Timothy J Brennan (1989), "A Methodological Assessment of Multiple Utility Frameworks", Economics and Philosophy, 5, 2, 189-208.(20)22. Jon Elster (1988), "The Nature and Scope of Rational-Choice Explanation", Science in Reflection, Edna Ullmann-Margalit (ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 51-65.(15)23. Jon Elster (1989), "Social Norms and Economic Theory", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 4, 99-117.(19)Total No. of pages451�VOLUME II3. Estimation, Prediction and testing24. Wesley C Mitchell (1925), "Quantitative Analysis in Economic Theory", American Economic Review, XV, 1, 1-12.(12)25. Tjalling Koopmans (1947), "Measurement without Theory", Review of Economics and Statistics, XXIX, 3, 161-72.(12)26. Rutledge Vining and Tjalling Koopmans (1949), "Methodological Issues in Quantitative Economics", Review of Economics and Statistics, XXXI, 2, 77-94.(18)27. Deborah Mayo (1981), "Testing Statistical Testing", Philosophy in Economics , J C Pitt (ed.), Reidel Publishing, 175-203.(29)28. Adrian Pagan (1987), "Three Econometric Methodologies: An Appraisal", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1, 1, 3-24.(22)29. Mary Morgan (1988), "Finding a satisfactory Empirical Model", The Popperian Legacy in Economics, N de Marchi (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 199-211.(13)30. Donald N McCloskey (1988), "The Limits of Expertise: If You're so smart, Why ain't you rich ?", American Scholar, 393-406.(14)4. Value Judgements in Economics31. T W Hutchison (1964), "Types and Sources of Value-Judgments and Bias", Positive Economics and Policy Objectives, Allen and Unwin, Chapter 2, 51-119.(69)32. Fritz Machlup (1969), "Positive and Normative Economics", Economic Means and Social Ends: Essays in Political Economics, Prentice-Hall, 99-129.(31)5. The Scope and Boundary of EconomicsI. Framing the issues -The economist as imperialist33. Jack Hirshliefer (1985), "The Expanding Domain of Economics", American Economic Review Special Issue, 53-68.(16)34. George Stigler and Gary Becker (1977), "De Gustibus Non Est Disputandum", American Economic Review, 76-90.(15)35. Paul J H Schoemaker (1991), "The Quest for optimality: A positive heuristic of science ?", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 2, 205-215.(11)II. Economics and Biology36. Armen Alchian (1950), "Uncertainty, Evolution and Economic Theory", Journal of Political Economy, LVIII, 211-21.(11)37. Richard Nelson and Sidney Winter (1974), "NeoClassical vs. Evolutionary Theories of Economic Growth: Critique and Prospectus", Economic Journal, 336, 84, 886-905.(20)38. Jack Hirshleifer (1977), " Economics from a Biographical Viewpoint", Journal of Law & Economics, XX, 1, 1-52.(52)39. Ronald Heiner (1983), "The Origin of Predictable Behavior", American Economic Review, 560-95.(36)III. Experimental Economics40. Paul Schoemaker (1982), "The Expected Utility Model: Its Variants, Purposes, Evidence and Limitations", Journal of Economic Literature,  XX, 529-63.(35)41. Vernon Smith (1989), "Theory, Experiment and Economics", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 1, 151-69.(19)IV. Constitutional Economics42. James Buchanan (1990), "The Domain of Constitutional Economics", Constitutional Political Economy, 1, 1, 1-18.(18)Total No. of Pages453�VOLUME III6. Karl Popper43. Karl Popper (1985), "The Rationality Principle", Popper Selections, Miller (ed.), Princeton University Press, 356-65.(10)44. Douglas W Hands (1985),"Karl Popper and Economic Methodology: A New Look", Economics and Philosophy, 1, 1, 83-99.(17)45. Mark Blaug (1985), "Comment on D Wade Hands, "Karl Popper and Economic Methodology: A New Look", Economics and Philosophy, 1, 2, 286-88.(3)46. Neil de Marchi (1988), "Popper and the LSE Economist", The Popperian Legacy in Economics, Cambridge University Press, 139-66.(28)47. Bruce J Caldwell (1991), "Clarifying Popper", Journal of Economic Literature, XXIX, 1-33.(33)7. Imre Lakatos48. Spiro J Latsis (1972), "Situational Determinism in Economics", British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 23, 207-45.(39)49. Douglas W Hands (1985), "Second Thoughts on Lakatos", History of Political Economy, 17, 1, 1-16.(16)50. E Roy Weintraub (1985), "Appraising General Equilibrium Analysis", Economics and Philosophy, 1, 1, 23-37.(15)51. E Roy Weintraub (1988), "The Neo-Walrasian Program is Empirically Progressive", The Popperian Legacy in Economics, N de Marchi (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 213-27.(15)52. Mark Blaug (1990), "Second Thoughts on the Keynesian Revolution", Economic Theories, True or False, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 88-106.(19)53.Bruce J Caldwell (1991), "The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes in Economics: Criticisms and Conjectures", Economics, Culture and Education: Essays in Honour of Mark Blaug, G K Shaw (ed.), Edward Elgar Publishing, chapter 8, 95-107. (13)8. Some alternative approachesI. Rhetoric of Economics54. Uskali Mäki (1988), "How to Combine Rhetoric and Realism in the Methodology of Economics", Economics and Philosophy, 1, 4, 89-109.(21)55. Stanley Fish (1989), "Comments from Outside Economics", The Consequences of Economic Rhetoric, Klamer, McCloskey and Solow (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 21-30.(10)II. Hermeneutics56. Georgia Warnke (1984), "Translator's Introduction", A Transcendental-Pragmatic Perspective, Karl-Otto Apel (ed.), MIT Press, vii-xx , 251-52.(16)57. Michael Bacharach (1989), "The Role of 'Verstehen' in Economic Theory", Ricerche Economiche, XLIII, 1-2. 129-50.(22)58. John Hicks (1986), "Rational Behavior: Observation or Assumption ?", Subjectivism, Intelligibility & Economic Understanding, New York University Press, 102-110. (9)III. Structuralism59. D W Hands (1985), "The Structuralist View of Economic Theories: A Review Essay", Economics and Philosophy, 1,2, 303-35.(33)9. Assessing Economic Theory, with special attention to general equilibrium theory60. Frank Hahn (1973), On the Notion of Equilibrium in Economics: An Inaugural Lecture, Cambridge University Press, 1-44.(44)61. Alan Coddington (1975), "The Rationale of General Equilibrium", Economic Inquiry, XIII, 4, 539-58.(20)62. Allan Gibbard and Hal Varian (1978), "Economic Models", Journal of Philosophy, LXXXV, 11664-77.(14)63. Edward J Green (1981), "On the Role of Fundamental Theory in Positive Economics", Philosophy in Economics, Pitt (ed.), Reidel, 5-15.(11)64. Alex Rosenberg (1983), "If Economics isn't Science, What is it ?", Philosophical Forum, XIV, 3-4, 296-314.(19)65. Andrea Salanti (1989), "'Internal ' Criticisms in Economic Theory: Are They Really Conclusive ?", Economic Notes, 1-15.(15)66. Daniel Hausman (1989), "Explanatory Progress in Economics", Social Research, 56, 2, 361-81.(21)Total No. of Pages422GRAND TOTAL OF PAGES FOR 3 VOLS1336