Park, philosopher, poet and prolific author, at one level also represents the philosophy of Korea in our time. Born in 1930 in Asan, South Chungcheong Province, Park graduated with a bachelor's and master's degrees from the Department of French Literature at Seoul National University, subsequently earning a doctorate in French literature at the Sorbonne, France, and a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Southern California, USA. Ynhui Park has occupied numerous academic positions, including as a professor of French literature at Ewha Womans University, professor of philosophy at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, professor of philosophy at Simmons College, senior researcher in philosophy at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, visiting professor at the International Christian University in Tokyo, and visiting professor at the University of Mainz, as well as holding an honorary professorship at Simmons College and Pohang University of Science and Technology. Park has published over 100 books, including Poetry and Science; Phenomenology and Analytic Philosophy; Philosophies of Laozi and Zhuangzi; Art Philosophy; The Language of Objects; What is Scientific Philosophy?; Before and After Philosophy; Literature and Philosophy; The Crisis of Civilization and the Transformation of Culture; The Margins of Philosophy; The Trials of Reason; Environmental Philosophy; The Key to Reason; The Passion of a Happy Nihilist; The Logic in the Analects of Confucius; The Challenge of Science, the Defense of Philosophy; Do You Have Philosophy in Your Life?; The Why and How behind My Pursuit of Philosophy; Art and Ecology; Existence and Expression, The Traces of Philosophy; L'"Idee" chez Mallarme; Reason and Tradition; Essais Philosophiques et Litteraires; Reality, Rationality and Valus; Man, Language and Poetry; and The Crisis of Civilization and Asian Response, as well as numerous poetry collections, including Snow by the Charles River; The Butterfly's Dream; The Shadow of the Unseen; The Emptiness of an Echo; A Morning Walk; The Rage of an Orphaned Elephant; Broken Words; Zerbrochene Worter; Sschatten der Leere; and L'ambre du Vide.

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• Preface 11Foreword 13 1 CHAPTER ONE 2The Crisis of Philosophy and the Re-establishment of Philosophical Systems 17~371.1 The Crisis and Dismantling of Philosophy 171.2 Existing Views of Philosophy and Critiques Thereof 181.2.1 Philosophy as a Worldview and Related Issues 201.2.2 Philosophy as the Clarification of Concepts and Related Issues 241.2.3 Philosophy as an Ideology and Related Issues 271. 2.4 Philosophy as Linguistic Nest-building 301 CHAPTER TWO 2Existence and the World 39~562.1 Distinction between Existence and the World 392.1.1 Philosophy as a Metadiscipline and Worldview 392.1.2 Cognition as Ideal Construction as Opposed to an Act of Discovery 402.2 The World as a Cultural Being 422.2.1 Humans as the Sole Linguistic Animal 422.2.2 The Necessity of World Construction 442.2.3 Some Traditional Philosophical Issues Reflected in the Relationship between Existence and the World 462.3 Longstanding Issues in Traditional Philosophy and the Interpretations of the Contents Thereof 472.3.1 Realism and Idealism 482.3.2 Materialism and Spiritualism 512.3.3 Pluralism, Dualism, and Monism 511 CHAPTER THREE 2The Onto-Semantical Matrix 57~763.1 Mankind as the Cognitive Agent, and Mankind as the Subject of Cognition 573.2 The Onto-Semantical Matrix as the Matrix of All Things 583.2.1 Defining the Concept of the Onto-Semantical Matrix 583.2.2 Ontological continuity-sameness and epistemological discontinuity-differentness 611 CHAPTER FOUR 2Various Forms of World-Remodelling 77~924.1 The Onto-Semantical Matrix as a Worldview and the Condition for World Remodelling 774.2 The Analysis of Each Worldview and the Discord between the Worldviews 794.2.1 Religious Worldview 794.2.2 Metaphysical or Philosophical Worldview 844.2.3 Scientific Worldview 864.2.4 Artistic Worldview 894.3 The Ambiguity of the Boundary that Exists between All Things and the Ontological and Semantical Ambiguity of the Onto-Semantical Matrix Itself 901 CHAPTER FIVE 2The Scope of Existence Boundaries between Objects 93~1095.1 The Dynamic Relationship of Mutual Dependence between Existence and Cognition, the Whole and its Part 935.2 The Scope of the World as a Product and Individual Phenomena as the Ingredients 945.3 The Origin of Countless Beings that Comprise Universe-Nature-World, and the Universal and the Individual of Existence 975.4 Types and Structures of Worldviews 1025.4.1 Pluralism and Monism 1025.4.2 A Single Nature-Universe and Ten Thousand Worlds: Moonlight on a Thousand Rivers 108 1 CHAPTER SIX 2The Universality of the Truth and the Objectivity of Existence 111~1286.1 The Question of the Truth and Choice 1116.2 Conceptual Definition of the Truth 1156.2.1 Traditional Definition 1156.2.2 Nietzschean Definition of the Truth 1166.3 The Objectivity of the Truth 1196.4 The Relativity of the Truth 1216.5 The Impossibility of a Cosmic and All-encompassing Truth and the Possibility of Local and Partial Truth 1241 CHAPTER SEVEN 2The Essence of the Universe and the Order of Mankind 129~1447.1 Metaphysical Monism and Dualism of the Universe 1297.2 The Universe as a Lump of Dough, and Cognition as the View of the Universe 1327.3 Deterministic Nature and Autonomous Humanity 1357.4 The Natural and the Cultural 1367.5 The Panorama of the Universe 1387.6 The True Nature of Mankind's Intellect and Psyche 1431 CHAPTER EIGHT 2Ethical Norms as the Ontological Mode of Mankind 145~1628.1 Mankind as Moral Beings 1458.2 Ethical Repression as a Paradoxical Precondition of Mankind 1478.3 Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morals 1498.4 Existing Types of Ethics and the Values Inherent in Each Type 1548.5 Limits of Ethical Choice and Rationality, and Ethical Preconditions as a Concept of Hell 1578.6 Sincerity and Responsibility as Main Agents of Ethical Virtues 1601 CHAPTER NINE 2Ethics as Values 163~1789.1 Values and Evaluation 1639.2 Mankind as Transcendental Animals, and Ideals: Values as Ideals 1659.3 Diversity of Values and Differences Thereof 1669.4 Ethical Values 1689.5 The Evolutionary Origin of Ethics 1709.6 The Duality of the Existential Mode of Mankind, and the Essence of Moral Values 1729.7 Monod's Ethics and the Theoretical Limitation Thereof 1761 CHAPTER TEN 2The Philosophy of the Nest and Its 'Meaning' 179~19610.1 The World as an Idealized Being 17910.2 Objective Existence as the Background of a Constructed Worldview 18110.3 The Entropy of Existence and the Function of Philosophy 18210.4 Philosophical Cognition as the Nest 18510.5 Architecture and the Philosophy of the Nest 18710.5.1 Architecture of the Nest 18710.5.2 Philosophy of the Nest and the Nest of Philosophy 1921 POSTSCRIPT 2The Chronology of Intellectual Wanderlust 197~200Publisher's Note 201Appendix I Supplementary Notes on the Translation 203Appendix II Select Bibliography 205Glossary Index 207

Park, philosopher, poet and prolific author, at one level also represents the philosophy of Korea in our time. Born in 1930 in Asan, South Chungcheong Province, Park graduated with a bachelor's and master's degrees from the Department of French Literature at Seoul National University, subsequently earning a doctorate in French literature at the Sorbonne, France, and a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Southern California, USA. Ynhui Park has occupied numerous academic positions, including as a professor of French literature at Ewha Womans University, professor of philosophy at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, professor of philosophy at Simmons College, senior researcher in philosophy at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, visiting professor at the International Christian University in Tokyo, and visiting professor at the University of Mainz, as well as holding an honorary professorship at Simmons College and Pohang University of Science and Technology. Park has published over 100 books, including Poetry and Science; Phenomenology and Analytic Philosophy; Philosophies of Laozi and Zhuangzi; Art Philosophy; The Language of Objects; What is Scientific Philosophy?; Before and After Philosophy; Literature and Philosophy; The Crisis of Civilization and the Transformation of Culture; The Margins of Philosophy; The Trials of Reason; Environmental Philosophy; The Key to Reason; The Passion of a Happy Nihilist; The Logic in the Analects of Confucius; The Challenge of Science, the Defense of Philosophy; Do You Have Philosophy in Your Life?; The Why and How behind My Pursuit of Philosophy; Art and Ecology; Existence and Expression, The Traces of Philosophy; L'"Idee" chez Mallarme; Reason and Tradition; Essais Philosophiques et Litteraires; Reality, Rationality and Valus; Man, Language and Poetry; and The Crisis of Civilization and Asian Response, as well as numerous poetry collections, including Snow by the Charles River; The Butterfly's Dream; The Shadow of the Unseen; The Emptiness of an Echo; A Morning Walk; The Rage of an Orphaned Elephant; Broken Words; Zerbrochene Worter; Sschatten der Leere; and L'ambre du Vide.

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• Preface 11Foreword 13 1 CHAPTER ONE 2The Crisis of Philosophy and the Re-establishment of Philosophical Systems 17~371.1 The Crisis and Dismantling of Philosophy 171.2 Existing Views of Philosophy and Critiques Thereof 181.2.1 Philosophy as a Worldview and Related Issues 201.2.2 Philosophy as the Clarification of Concepts and Related Issues 241.2.3 Philosophy as an Ideology and Related Issues 271. 2.4 Philosophy as Linguistic Nest-building 301 CHAPTER TWO 2Existence and the World 39~562.1 Distinction between Existence and the World 392.1.1 Philosophy as a Metadiscipline and Worldview 392.1.2 Cognition as Ideal Construction as Opposed to an Act of Discovery 402.2 The World as a Cultural Being 422.2.1 Humans as the Sole Linguistic Animal 422.2.2 The Necessity of World Construction 442.2.3 Some Traditional Philosophical Issues Reflected in the Relationship between Existence and the World 462.3 Longstanding Issues in Traditional Philosophy and the Interpretations of the Contents Thereof 472.3.1 Realism and Idealism 482.3.2 Materialism and Spiritualism 512.3.3 Pluralism, Dualism, and Monism 511 CHAPTER THREE 2The Onto-Semantical Matrix 57~763.1 Mankind as the Cognitive Agent, and Mankind as the Subject of Cognition 573.2 The Onto-Semantical Matrix as the Matrix of All Things 583.2.1 Defining the Concept of the Onto-Semantical Matrix 583.2.2 Ontological continuity-sameness and epistemological discontinuity-differentness 611 CHAPTER FOUR 2Various Forms of World-Remodelling 77~924.1 The Onto-Semantical Matrix as a Worldview and the Condition for World Remodelling 774.2 The Analysis of Each Worldview and the Discord between the Worldviews 794.2.1 Religious Worldview 794.2.2 Metaphysical or Philosophical Worldview 844.2.3 Scientific Worldview 864.2.4 Artistic Worldview 894.3 The Ambiguity of the Boundary that Exists between All Things and the Ontological and Semantical Ambiguity of the Onto-Semantical Matrix Itself 901 CHAPTER FIVE 2The Scope of Existence Boundaries between Objects 93~1095.1 The Dynamic Relationship of Mutual Dependence between Existence and Cognition, the Whole and its Part 935.2 The Scope of the World as a Product and Individual Phenomena as the Ingredients 945.3 The Origin of Countless Beings that Comprise Universe-Nature-World, and the Universal and the Individual of Existence 975.4 Types and Structures of Worldviews 1025.4.1 Pluralism and Monism 1025.4.2 A Single Nature-Universe and Ten Thousand Worlds: Moonlight on a Thousand Rivers 108 1 CHAPTER SIX 2The Universality of the Truth and the Objectivity of Existence 111~1286.1 The Question of the Truth and Choice 1116.2 Conceptual Definition of the Truth 1156.2.1 Traditional Definition 1156.2.2 Nietzschean Definition of the Truth 1166.3 The Objectivity of the Truth 1196.4 The Relativity of the Truth 1216.5 The Impossibility of a Cosmic and All-encompassing Truth and the Possibility of Local and Partial Truth 1241 CHAPTER SEVEN 2The Essence of the Universe and the Order of Mankind 129~1447.1 Metaphysical Monism and Dualism of the Universe 1297.2 The Universe as a Lump of Dough, and Cognition as the View of the Universe 1327.3 Deterministic Nature and Autonomous Humanity 1357.4 The Natural and the Cultural 1367.5 The Panorama of the Universe 1387.6 The True Nature of Mankind's Intellect and Psyche 1431 CHAPTER EIGHT 2Ethical Norms as the Ontological Mode of Mankind 145~1628.1 Mankind as Moral Beings 1458.2 Ethical Repression as a Paradoxical Precondition of Mankind 1478.3 Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morals 1498.4 Existing Types of Ethics and the Values Inherent in Each Type 1548.5 Limits of Ethical Choice and Rationality, and Ethical Preconditions as a Concept of Hell 1578.6 Sincerity and Responsibility as Main Agents of Ethical Virtues 1601 CHAPTER NINE 2Ethics as Values 163~1789.1 Values and Evaluation 1639.2 Mankind as Transcendental Animals, and Ideals: Values as Ideals 1659.3 Diversity of Values and Differences Thereof 1669.4 Ethical Values 1689.5 The Evolutionary Origin of Ethics 1709.6 The Duality of the Existential Mode of Mankind, and the Essence of Moral Values 1729.7 Monod's Ethics and the Theoretical Limitation Thereof 1761 CHAPTER TEN 2The Philosophy of the Nest and Its 'Meaning' 179~19610.1 The World as an Idealized Being 17910.2 Objective Existence as the Background of a Constructed Worldview 18110.3 The Entropy of Existence and the Function of Philosophy 18210.4 Philosophical Cognition as the Nest 18510.5 Architecture and the Philosophy of the Nest 18710.5.1 Architecture of the Nest 18710.5.2 Philosophy of the Nest and the Nest of Philosophy 1921 POSTSCRIPT 2The Chronology of Intellectual Wanderlust 197~200Publisher's Note 201Appendix I Supplementary Notes on the Translation 203Appendix II Select Bibliography 205Glossary Index 207

Park, philosopher, poet and prolific author, at one level also represents the philosophy of Korea in our time. Born in 1930 in Asan, South Chungcheong Province, Park graduated with a bachelor's and master's degrees from the Department of French Literature at Seoul National University, subsequently earning a doctorate in French literature at the Sorbonne, France, and a doctorate in philosophy at the University of Southern California, USA. Ynhui Park has occupied numerous academic positions, including as a professor of French literature at Ewha Womans University, professor of philosophy at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, professor of philosophy at Simmons College, senior researcher in philosophy at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, visiting professor at the International Christian University in Tokyo, and visiting professor at the University of Mainz, as well as holding an honorary professorship at Simmons College and Pohang University of Science and Technology. Park has published over 100 books, including Poetry and Science; Phenomenology and Analytic Philosophy; Philosophies of Laozi and Zhuangzi; Art Philosophy; The Language of Objects; What is Scientific Philosophy?; Before and After Philosophy; Literature and Philosophy; The Crisis of Civilization and the Transformation of Culture; The Margins of Philosophy; The Trials of Reason; Environmental Philosophy; The Key to Reason; The Passion of a Happy Nihilist; The Logic in the Analects of Confucius; The Challenge of Science, the Defense of Philosophy; Do You Have Philosophy in Your Life?; The Why and How behind My Pursuit of Philosophy; Art and Ecology; Existence and Expression, The Traces of Philosophy; L'"Idee" chez Mallarme; Reason and Tradition; Essais Philosophiques et Litteraires; Reality, Rationality and Valus; Man, Language and Poetry; and The Crisis of Civilization and Asian Response, as well as numerous poetry collections, including Snow by the Charles River; The Butterfly's Dream; The Shadow of the Unseen; The Emptiness of an Echo; A Morning Walk; The Rage of an Orphaned Elephant; Broken Words; Zerbrochene Worter; Sschatten der Leere; and L'ambre du Vide.

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• Preface 11Foreword 13 1 CHAPTER ONE 2The Crisis of Philosophy and the Re-establishment of Philosophical Systems 17~371.1 The Crisis and Dismantling of Philosophy 171.2 Existing Views of Philosophy and Critiques Thereof 181.2.1 Philosophy as a Worldview and Related Issues 201.2.2 Philosophy as the Clarification of Concepts and Related Issues 241.2.3 Philosophy as an Ideology and Related Issues 271. 2.4 Philosophy as Linguistic Nest-building 301 CHAPTER TWO 2Existence and the World 39~562.1 Distinction between Existence and the World 392.1.1 Philosophy as a Metadiscipline and Worldview 392.1.2 Cognition as Ideal Construction as Opposed to an Act of Discovery 402.2 The World as a Cultural Being 422.2.1 Humans as the Sole Linguistic Animal 422.2.2 The Necessity of World Construction 442.2.3 Some Traditional Philosophical Issues Reflected in the Relationship between Existence and the World 462.3 Longstanding Issues in Traditional Philosophy and the Interpretations of the Contents Thereof 472.3.1 Realism and Idealism 482.3.2 Materialism and Spiritualism 512.3.3 Pluralism, Dualism, and Monism 511 CHAPTER THREE 2The Onto-Semantical Matrix 57~763.1 Mankind as the Cognitive Agent, and Mankind as the Subject of Cognition 573.2 The Onto-Semantical Matrix as the Matrix of All Things 583.2.1 Defining the Concept of the Onto-Semantical Matrix 583.2.2 Ontological continuity-sameness and epistemological discontinuity-differentness 611 CHAPTER FOUR 2Various Forms of World-Remodelling 77~924.1 The Onto-Semantical Matrix as a Worldview and the Condition for World Remodelling 774.2 The Analysis of Each Worldview and the Discord between the Worldviews 794.2.1 Religious Worldview 794.2.2 Metaphysical or Philosophical Worldview 844.2.3 Scientific Worldview 864.2.4 Artistic Worldview 894.3 The Ambiguity of the Boundary that Exists between All Things and the Ontological and Semantical Ambiguity of the Onto-Semantical Matrix Itself 901 CHAPTER FIVE 2The Scope of Existence Boundaries between Objects 93~1095.1 The Dynamic Relationship of Mutual Dependence between Existence and Cognition, the Whole and its Part 935.2 The Scope of the World as a Product and Individual Phenomena as the Ingredients 945.3 The Origin of Countless Beings that Comprise Universe-Nature-World, and the Universal and the Individual of Existence 975.4 Types and Structures of Worldviews 1025.4.1 Pluralism and Monism 1025.4.2 A Single Nature-Universe and Ten Thousand Worlds: Moonlight on a Thousand Rivers 108 1 CHAPTER SIX 2The Universality of the Truth and the Objectivity of Existence 111~1286.1 The Question of the Truth and Choice 1116.2 Conceptual Definition of the Truth 1156.2.1 Traditional Definition 1156.2.2 Nietzschean Definition of the Truth 1166.3 The Objectivity of the Truth 1196.4 The Relativity of the Truth 1216.5 The Impossibility of a Cosmic and All-encompassing Truth and the Possibility of Local and Partial Truth 1241 CHAPTER SEVEN 2The Essence of the Universe and the Order of Mankind 129~1447.1 Metaphysical Monism and Dualism of the Universe 1297.2 The Universe as a Lump of Dough, and Cognition as the View of the Universe 1327.3 Deterministic Nature and Autonomous Humanity 1357.4 The Natural and the Cultural 1367.5 The Panorama of the Universe 1387.6 The True Nature of Mankind's Intellect and Psyche 1431 CHAPTER EIGHT 2Ethical Norms as the Ontological Mode of Mankind 145~1628.1 Mankind as Moral Beings 1458.2 Ethical Repression as a Paradoxical Precondition of Mankind 1478.3 Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morals 1498.4 Existing Types of Ethics and the Values Inherent in Each Type 1548.5 Limits of Ethical Choice and Rationality, and Ethical Preconditions as a Concept of Hell 1578.6 Sincerity and Responsibility as Main Agents of Ethical Virtues 1601 CHAPTER NINE 2Ethics as Values 163~1789.1 Values and Evaluation 1639.2 Mankind as Transcendental Animals, and Ideals: Values as Ideals 1659.3 Diversity of Values and Differences Thereof 1669.4 Ethical Values 1689.5 The Evolutionary Origin of Ethics 1709.6 The Duality of the Existential Mode of Mankind, and the Essence of Moral Values 1729.7 Monod's Ethics and the Theoretical Limitation Thereof 1761 CHAPTER TEN 2The Philosophy of the Nest and Its 'Meaning' 179~19610.1 The World as an Idealized Being 17910.2 Objective Existence as the Background of a Constructed Worldview 18110.3 The Entropy of Existence and the Function of Philosophy 18210.4 Philosophical Cognition as the Nest 18510.5 Architecture and the Philosophy of the Nest 18710.5.1 Architecture of the Nest 18710.5.2 Philosophy of the Nest and the Nest of Philosophy 1921 POSTSCRIPT 2The Chronology of Intellectual Wanderlust 197~200Publisher's Note 201Appendix I Supplementary Notes on the Translation 203Appendix II Select Bibliography 205Glossary Index 207