Ofer Bar-Yosef is the George Grant MacCurdy and Janet G. B. MacCurdy Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at Harvard University.

• List of ContributorsPreface: The Natufian Culture in the Levant: Twenty Years LaterOfer Bar-Yosef and Francois R. VallaAcknowledgementsNORTHERN LEVANTChapter 1. Natufian Lifeways in the Eastern Foothills of the Anti-Lebanon MountainsNicholas J. Conard, Knut Bretzke, Katleen Deckers, Andrew W. Kandel, Mohamed Masri, Hannes Napierala, Simone Riehl and Mareike StahlschmidtChapter 2. The Natufian of Moghr el-Ahwal in the Qadisha Valley, Northern LebanonAndrew Garrard and Corine YazbeckChapter 3. The Natufian of Southwestern Syria Sites in the Damascus ProvinceKurt Felix HillgruberChapter 4. The Natufian Occupations of Qarassa 3 (Sweida, Southern Syria)Xavier Terradas, Juan Jose Ibanez, Franck Braemer, Lionel Gourichon and Luis C. TeiraChapter 5. The Early Natufian Site of Jeftelik (Homs Gap, Syria)Amelia del Carmen Rodriguez Rodriguez, Maya Haidar-Boustani, Jesus E.Gonzalez Urquijo, Juan Jose Ibanez, Michel Al-Maqdissi, Xavier Terradas and Lydia ZapataChapter 6. Fish in the Desert? The Younger Dryas and its Influence on the Paleoenvironment at Baaz Rockshelter, SyriaHannes NapieralaChapter 7. Preliminary Results from Analyses of Charred Plant Remains from a Burnt Natufian Building at Dederiyeh Cave in Northwest SyriaKen-ichi Tanno, George Willcox, Sultan Muhesen, Yoshihiro Nishiaki, Yousef Kanjo and Takeru AkazawaSOUTHERN LEVANTEl-WadChapter 8. Spatial Organization of Natufian el-Wad through Time: Combining the Results of Past and Present ExcavationsMina Weinstein-Evron, Daniel Kaufman and Reuven YeshurunChapter 9. The Last Natufian Inhabitants of el-Wad TerraceNoga Bachrach, Israel Hershkovitz, Daniel Kaufman and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 10. Domestic Refuse Maintenance in the Natufian: Faunal Evidence from el-Wad Terrace, Mount CarmelReuven Yeshurun, Guy Bar-Oz, Daniel Kaufman and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 11. Natufian Green Stone Pendants from el-Wad: Characteristics and Cultural ImplicationsDaniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer, Naomi Porat and Mina Weinstein-EvronEynanChapter 12. The Final Natufian Structure 215-228 at Mallaha (Eynan), Israel: an Attempt at Spatial AnalysisFrancois R. Valla, Hamoudi Khalaily, Nicolas Samuelian, Anne Bridault, Rivka Rabinovich, Tal Simmons, Gaelle Le Dosseur and Shoshana AshkenaziChapter 13. A Study of two Natufian Residential Complexes: Structures 200 and 203 at Eynan (Ain Mallaha), IsraelNicolas SamueliaChapter 14. Graves in Context: Field Anthropology and the Investigation of Interstratified Floors and BurialsFanny Bocquentin, Teresa Cabellos and Nicolas SamuelianChapter 15. Obsidian in Natufian Context: the Case of Eynan (Ain Mallaha), IsraelHamoudi Khalaily and Francois R. VallaChapter 16. Flint Knapping and its Objectives in the Early Natufian. The Example of Eynan- Ain Mallaha (Israel)Boris Valentin, Francois R. Valla and Hugues Plisson with the collaboration of Fanny BocquentinChapter 17. Searching for the Functions of Fire Structures in Eynan (Mallaha) and their Formation Processes: a Geochemical ApproachRamiro J. MarchChapter 18. Avifauna of the Final Natufian of EynanTal SimmonsChapter 19. Bone Ornamental Elements and Decorated Objects of the Natufian from MallahaGaelle Le Dosseur and Claudine MarechalChapter 20. Reconstruction of the Habitats in the Ecosystem of the Final Natufian Site of Ain Mallaha (Eynan)Shoshana AshkenaziSOUTHERN LEVANT - OTHER SITESChapter 21. Wadi Hammeh 27: an open-air ‘base-camp’ on the Fringe of the Natufian ‘homeland’Phillip C. Edwards, Fanny Bocquentin, Sue Colledge, Yvonne Edwards, Gaelle Le Dosseur, Louise Martin, Zvonkica Stanin and John WebbChapter 22. Art Items from Wadi Hammeh 27Janine MajorChapter 23. The Final Epipaleolithic / PPNA site of Huzuq Musa (Jordan Valley)Dani Nadel and Danny RosenbergChapter 24. Natufian Settlement in the Wadi al-Qusayr, West-Central JordanMichael NeeleyChapter 25. The Steppic Early Natufian: Investigations in the Wadi al-Hasa, JordanDeborah I. OlszewskiChapter 26. The Natufian of the Azraq Basin: An AppraisalTobias Richter and Lisa A. MaherChapter 27. Chert Procurement Patterns And Exploitation Territory: Case Study From Late Natufian Hayonim Terrace (Western Galilee, Israel)Christophe DelageChapter 28. A Faunal Perspective on the Relationship between the Natufian Occupations of Hayonim Cave and Hayonim TerraceNatalie D. MunroChapter 29. The Natufian at Raqefet CaveGyorgy Lengyel, Dani Nadel and Fanny BocquentinChapter 30. Hof Shahaf: A New Natufian Site on the Shore of Lake KinneretOfer Marder, Reuven Yeshurun, Howard Smithline, Oren Ackermann, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer, Anna Belfer-Cohen, Leore Grosman, Israel Hershkovitz, Noa Klein and Lior WeissbrodChapter 31. The Life History of Macrolithic Tools at Hilazon Tachtit CaveLaure Dubreuil and Leore GrosmanGENERAL REVIEWS, CLIMATE AND INTERPRETATIONSChapter 32. Breaking the Mould: Phases and Facies in the Natufian of the Mediterranean ZoneAnna Belfer-Cohen and A. Nigel Goring-MorrisChapter 33. Ruminations on the Role of Periphery and Center in the NatufianA. Nigel Goring-Morris and Anna Belfer-CohenChapter 34. The Natufian and the Younger DryasDonald O. HenryChapter 35. Scaphopod Shells in the Natufian CultureAldona Kurzawska, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer and Henk K. MienisChapter 36. The Natufian Chronological Scheme – New Insights and their ImplicationsLeore GrosmanChapter 37. Natufian Foragers and the ‘Monocot Revolution’: A Phytolith PerspectiveArlene M. RosenChapter 38. Lithic Technology in the Late Natufian – Technological Differences between ‘Core-area’ and ‘Periphery’Hila AshkenazyChapter 39. Variability of Lunates and Changes in Projectile Weapons Technology during the NatufianAlla Yaroshevich, Daniel Kaufman, Dmitri Nuzhnyy, Ofer Bar-Yosef and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 40. Specialized Hunting of Gazelle in the Natufian: Cultural Cause or Climatic Effect?Guy Bar-Oz, Reuven Yeshurun and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 41. Commensalism: was it Truly a Natufian Phenomenon? Recent Cntributions from Ethnoarchaeology and EcologyLior Weissbrod, Daniel Kaufman, Dani Nadel, Reuven Yeshurun and Mina Weinstein-Evron

Ofer Bar-Yosef is the George Grant MacCurdy and Janet G. B. MacCurdy Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at Harvard University.

• List of ContributorsPreface: The Natufian Culture in the Levant: Twenty Years LaterOfer Bar-Yosef and Francois R. VallaAcknowledgementsNORTHERN LEVANTChapter 1. Natufian Lifeways in the Eastern Foothills of the Anti-Lebanon MountainsNicholas J. Conard, Knut Bretzke, Katleen Deckers, Andrew W. Kandel, Mohamed Masri, Hannes Napierala, Simone Riehl and Mareike StahlschmidtChapter 2. The Natufian of Moghr el-Ahwal in the Qadisha Valley, Northern LebanonAndrew Garrard and Corine YazbeckChapter 3. The Natufian of Southwestern Syria Sites in the Damascus ProvinceKurt Felix HillgruberChapter 4. The Natufian Occupations of Qarassa 3 (Sweida, Southern Syria)Xavier Terradas, Juan Jose Ibanez, Franck Braemer, Lionel Gourichon and Luis C. TeiraChapter 5. The Early Natufian Site of Jeftelik (Homs Gap, Syria)Amelia del Carmen Rodriguez Rodriguez, Maya Haidar-Boustani, Jesus E.Gonzalez Urquijo, Juan Jose Ibanez, Michel Al-Maqdissi, Xavier Terradas and Lydia ZapataChapter 6. Fish in the Desert? The Younger Dryas and its Influence on the Paleoenvironment at Baaz Rockshelter, SyriaHannes NapieralaChapter 7. Preliminary Results from Analyses of Charred Plant Remains from a Burnt Natufian Building at Dederiyeh Cave in Northwest SyriaKen-ichi Tanno, George Willcox, Sultan Muhesen, Yoshihiro Nishiaki, Yousef Kanjo and Takeru AkazawaSOUTHERN LEVANTEl-WadChapter 8. Spatial Organization of Natufian el-Wad through Time: Combining the Results of Past and Present ExcavationsMina Weinstein-Evron, Daniel Kaufman and Reuven YeshurunChapter 9. The Last Natufian Inhabitants of el-Wad TerraceNoga Bachrach, Israel Hershkovitz, Daniel Kaufman and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 10. Domestic Refuse Maintenance in the Natufian: Faunal Evidence from el-Wad Terrace, Mount CarmelReuven Yeshurun, Guy Bar-Oz, Daniel Kaufman and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 11. Natufian Green Stone Pendants from el-Wad: Characteristics and Cultural ImplicationsDaniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer, Naomi Porat and Mina Weinstein-EvronEynanChapter 12. The Final Natufian Structure 215-228 at Mallaha (Eynan), Israel: an Attempt at Spatial AnalysisFrancois R. Valla, Hamoudi Khalaily, Nicolas Samuelian, Anne Bridault, Rivka Rabinovich, Tal Simmons, Gaelle Le Dosseur and Shoshana AshkenaziChapter 13. A Study of two Natufian Residential Complexes: Structures 200 and 203 at Eynan (Ain Mallaha), IsraelNicolas SamueliaChapter 14. Graves in Context: Field Anthropology and the Investigation of Interstratified Floors and BurialsFanny Bocquentin, Teresa Cabellos and Nicolas SamuelianChapter 15. Obsidian in Natufian Context: the Case of Eynan (Ain Mallaha), IsraelHamoudi Khalaily and Francois R. VallaChapter 16. Flint Knapping and its Objectives in the Early Natufian. The Example of Eynan- Ain Mallaha (Israel)Boris Valentin, Francois R. Valla and Hugues Plisson with the collaboration of Fanny BocquentinChapter 17. Searching for the Functions of Fire Structures in Eynan (Mallaha) and their Formation Processes: a Geochemical ApproachRamiro J. MarchChapter 18. Avifauna of the Final Natufian of EynanTal SimmonsChapter 19. Bone Ornamental Elements and Decorated Objects of the Natufian from MallahaGaelle Le Dosseur and Claudine MarechalChapter 20. Reconstruction of the Habitats in the Ecosystem of the Final Natufian Site of Ain Mallaha (Eynan)Shoshana AshkenaziSOUTHERN LEVANT - OTHER SITESChapter 21. Wadi Hammeh 27: an open-air ‘base-camp’ on the Fringe of the Natufian ‘homeland’Phillip C. Edwards, Fanny Bocquentin, Sue Colledge, Yvonne Edwards, Gaelle Le Dosseur, Louise Martin, Zvonkica Stanin and John WebbChapter 22. Art Items from Wadi Hammeh 27Janine MajorChapter 23. The Final Epipaleolithic / PPNA site of Huzuq Musa (Jordan Valley)Dani Nadel and Danny RosenbergChapter 24. Natufian Settlement in the Wadi al-Qusayr, West-Central JordanMichael NeeleyChapter 25. The Steppic Early Natufian: Investigations in the Wadi al-Hasa, JordanDeborah I. OlszewskiChapter 26. The Natufian of the Azraq Basin: An AppraisalTobias Richter and Lisa A. MaherChapter 27. Chert Procurement Patterns And Exploitation Territory: Case Study From Late Natufian Hayonim Terrace (Western Galilee, Israel)Christophe DelageChapter 28. A Faunal Perspective on the Relationship between the Natufian Occupations of Hayonim Cave and Hayonim TerraceNatalie D. MunroChapter 29. The Natufian at Raqefet CaveGyorgy Lengyel, Dani Nadel and Fanny BocquentinChapter 30. Hof Shahaf: A New Natufian Site on the Shore of Lake KinneretOfer Marder, Reuven Yeshurun, Howard Smithline, Oren Ackermann, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer, Anna Belfer-Cohen, Leore Grosman, Israel Hershkovitz, Noa Klein and Lior WeissbrodChapter 31. The Life History of Macrolithic Tools at Hilazon Tachtit CaveLaure Dubreuil and Leore GrosmanGENERAL REVIEWS, CLIMATE AND INTERPRETATIONSChapter 32. Breaking the Mould: Phases and Facies in the Natufian of the Mediterranean ZoneAnna Belfer-Cohen and A. Nigel Goring-MorrisChapter 33. Ruminations on the Role of Periphery and Center in the NatufianA. Nigel Goring-Morris and Anna Belfer-CohenChapter 34. The Natufian and the Younger DryasDonald O. HenryChapter 35. Scaphopod Shells in the Natufian CultureAldona Kurzawska, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer and Henk K. MienisChapter 36. The Natufian Chronological Scheme – New Insights and their ImplicationsLeore GrosmanChapter 37. Natufian Foragers and the ‘Monocot Revolution’: A Phytolith PerspectiveArlene M. RosenChapter 38. Lithic Technology in the Late Natufian – Technological Differences between ‘Core-area’ and ‘Periphery’Hila AshkenazyChapter 39. Variability of Lunates and Changes in Projectile Weapons Technology during the NatufianAlla Yaroshevich, Daniel Kaufman, Dmitri Nuzhnyy, Ofer Bar-Yosef and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 40. Specialized Hunting of Gazelle in the Natufian: Cultural Cause or Climatic Effect?Guy Bar-Oz, Reuven Yeshurun and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 41. Commensalism: was it Truly a Natufian Phenomenon? Recent Cntributions from Ethnoarchaeology and EcologyLior Weissbrod, Daniel Kaufman, Dani Nadel, Reuven Yeshurun and Mina Weinstein-Evron

Ofer Bar-Yosef is the George Grant MacCurdy and Janet G. B. MacCurdy Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology at Harvard University.

• List of ContributorsPreface: The Natufian Culture in the Levant: Twenty Years LaterOfer Bar-Yosef and Francois R. VallaAcknowledgementsNORTHERN LEVANTChapter 1. Natufian Lifeways in the Eastern Foothills of the Anti-Lebanon MountainsNicholas J. Conard, Knut Bretzke, Katleen Deckers, Andrew W. Kandel, Mohamed Masri, Hannes Napierala, Simone Riehl and Mareike StahlschmidtChapter 2. The Natufian of Moghr el-Ahwal in the Qadisha Valley, Northern LebanonAndrew Garrard and Corine YazbeckChapter 3. The Natufian of Southwestern Syria Sites in the Damascus ProvinceKurt Felix HillgruberChapter 4. The Natufian Occupations of Qarassa 3 (Sweida, Southern Syria)Xavier Terradas, Juan Jose Ibanez, Franck Braemer, Lionel Gourichon and Luis C. TeiraChapter 5. The Early Natufian Site of Jeftelik (Homs Gap, Syria)Amelia del Carmen Rodriguez Rodriguez, Maya Haidar-Boustani, Jesus E.Gonzalez Urquijo, Juan Jose Ibanez, Michel Al-Maqdissi, Xavier Terradas and Lydia ZapataChapter 6. Fish in the Desert? The Younger Dryas and its Influence on the Paleoenvironment at Baaz Rockshelter, SyriaHannes NapieralaChapter 7. Preliminary Results from Analyses of Charred Plant Remains from a Burnt Natufian Building at Dederiyeh Cave in Northwest SyriaKen-ichi Tanno, George Willcox, Sultan Muhesen, Yoshihiro Nishiaki, Yousef Kanjo and Takeru AkazawaSOUTHERN LEVANTEl-WadChapter 8. Spatial Organization of Natufian el-Wad through Time: Combining the Results of Past and Present ExcavationsMina Weinstein-Evron, Daniel Kaufman and Reuven YeshurunChapter 9. The Last Natufian Inhabitants of el-Wad TerraceNoga Bachrach, Israel Hershkovitz, Daniel Kaufman and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 10. Domestic Refuse Maintenance in the Natufian: Faunal Evidence from el-Wad Terrace, Mount CarmelReuven Yeshurun, Guy Bar-Oz, Daniel Kaufman and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 11. Natufian Green Stone Pendants from el-Wad: Characteristics and Cultural ImplicationsDaniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer, Naomi Porat and Mina Weinstein-EvronEynanChapter 12. The Final Natufian Structure 215-228 at Mallaha (Eynan), Israel: an Attempt at Spatial AnalysisFrancois R. Valla, Hamoudi Khalaily, Nicolas Samuelian, Anne Bridault, Rivka Rabinovich, Tal Simmons, Gaelle Le Dosseur and Shoshana AshkenaziChapter 13. A Study of two Natufian Residential Complexes: Structures 200 and 203 at Eynan (Ain Mallaha), IsraelNicolas SamueliaChapter 14. Graves in Context: Field Anthropology and the Investigation of Interstratified Floors and BurialsFanny Bocquentin, Teresa Cabellos and Nicolas SamuelianChapter 15. Obsidian in Natufian Context: the Case of Eynan (Ain Mallaha), IsraelHamoudi Khalaily and Francois R. VallaChapter 16. Flint Knapping and its Objectives in the Early Natufian. The Example of Eynan- Ain Mallaha (Israel)Boris Valentin, Francois R. Valla and Hugues Plisson with the collaboration of Fanny BocquentinChapter 17. Searching for the Functions of Fire Structures in Eynan (Mallaha) and their Formation Processes: a Geochemical ApproachRamiro J. MarchChapter 18. Avifauna of the Final Natufian of EynanTal SimmonsChapter 19. Bone Ornamental Elements and Decorated Objects of the Natufian from MallahaGaelle Le Dosseur and Claudine MarechalChapter 20. Reconstruction of the Habitats in the Ecosystem of the Final Natufian Site of Ain Mallaha (Eynan)Shoshana AshkenaziSOUTHERN LEVANT - OTHER SITESChapter 21. Wadi Hammeh 27: an open-air ‘base-camp’ on the Fringe of the Natufian ‘homeland’Phillip C. Edwards, Fanny Bocquentin, Sue Colledge, Yvonne Edwards, Gaelle Le Dosseur, Louise Martin, Zvonkica Stanin and John WebbChapter 22. Art Items from Wadi Hammeh 27Janine MajorChapter 23. The Final Epipaleolithic / PPNA site of Huzuq Musa (Jordan Valley)Dani Nadel and Danny RosenbergChapter 24. Natufian Settlement in the Wadi al-Qusayr, West-Central JordanMichael NeeleyChapter 25. The Steppic Early Natufian: Investigations in the Wadi al-Hasa, JordanDeborah I. OlszewskiChapter 26. The Natufian of the Azraq Basin: An AppraisalTobias Richter and Lisa A. MaherChapter 27. Chert Procurement Patterns And Exploitation Territory: Case Study From Late Natufian Hayonim Terrace (Western Galilee, Israel)Christophe DelageChapter 28. A Faunal Perspective on the Relationship between the Natufian Occupations of Hayonim Cave and Hayonim TerraceNatalie D. MunroChapter 29. The Natufian at Raqefet CaveGyorgy Lengyel, Dani Nadel and Fanny BocquentinChapter 30. Hof Shahaf: A New Natufian Site on the Shore of Lake KinneretOfer Marder, Reuven Yeshurun, Howard Smithline, Oren Ackermann, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer, Anna Belfer-Cohen, Leore Grosman, Israel Hershkovitz, Noa Klein and Lior WeissbrodChapter 31. The Life History of Macrolithic Tools at Hilazon Tachtit CaveLaure Dubreuil and Leore GrosmanGENERAL REVIEWS, CLIMATE AND INTERPRETATIONSChapter 32. Breaking the Mould: Phases and Facies in the Natufian of the Mediterranean ZoneAnna Belfer-Cohen and A. Nigel Goring-MorrisChapter 33. Ruminations on the Role of Periphery and Center in the NatufianA. Nigel Goring-Morris and Anna Belfer-CohenChapter 34. The Natufian and the Younger DryasDonald O. HenryChapter 35. Scaphopod Shells in the Natufian CultureAldona Kurzawska, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer and Henk K. MienisChapter 36. The Natufian Chronological Scheme – New Insights and their ImplicationsLeore GrosmanChapter 37. Natufian Foragers and the ‘Monocot Revolution’: A Phytolith PerspectiveArlene M. RosenChapter 38. Lithic Technology in the Late Natufian – Technological Differences between ‘Core-area’ and ‘Periphery’Hila AshkenazyChapter 39. Variability of Lunates and Changes in Projectile Weapons Technology during the NatufianAlla Yaroshevich, Daniel Kaufman, Dmitri Nuzhnyy, Ofer Bar-Yosef and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 40. Specialized Hunting of Gazelle in the Natufian: Cultural Cause or Climatic Effect?Guy Bar-Oz, Reuven Yeshurun and Mina Weinstein-EvronChapter 41. Commensalism: was it Truly a Natufian Phenomenon? Recent Cntributions from Ethnoarchaeology and EcologyLior Weissbrod, Daniel Kaufman, Dani Nadel, Reuven Yeshurun and Mina Weinstein-Evron