Abdominal Radiology for the Small Animal Practitioner

Judith Hudson, William Brawner, Merrilee Holland, Margaret Blaik

• ContentsSection 1 Introduction and Radiographic TechniqueSome Helpful HintsIndications for Abdominal RadiographyRole of Radiology in Patient ManagementSteps to Good Film ReadingStep One: Technical Factors for Abdominal RadiographyStep Two: Using a System for InterpretationStep Three: Roentgen or Radiographic SignsStep Four: Differential DiagnosesStep Five: What's Next?Section 2 Normal Radiographic Anatomy of the AbdomenViewing the FilmStomachDuodenumCecumKidneySpleenDiaphragmLiverBladderProstateLymph NodesSection 3 Peritoneal CavityNormal AppearanceIncreased Peritoneal OpacityTerminology - SynonymsDecreased Peritoneal Opacity-GasCauses of Intraluminal Gas AccumulationCauses of Extraluminal Gas AccumulationRadiographic (Roentgen) Signs of Extraluminal GasDecreased Peritoneal Opacity-FatCauses of Abnormal Fat OpacitiesRadiographic (Roentgen) SignsDisruption of Borders of the Peritoneal CavityDiaphragmatic HerniaHiatal HerniaPeritoneopericardial HerniaInguinal or Ventral HerniaPerineal HerniaSection 4 Intra-abdominal MassesEvaluation of an Abdominal MassGastric MassesGeneralized HepatomegalyFocal HepatomegalyDifferentiate the StomachRenal MassesAdrenal MassDiffuse SplenomegalyFocal SplenomegalyMesenteric/Enteric MassesPancreatic MassesOvarian MassesMasses Involving Urinary BladderProstatic MassesUterine MassesCaudal Sublumbar MassesSection 5 Alimentary TractContrast MediaBariumIonic Organic IodineNon-Ionic Organic Iodine PreparationsEsophageal/Gastrointestinal Contrast ProceduresRadiography of the EsophagusContrast Examination of the Esophagus-EsophagramEsophagram TechniqueDisorders of the EsophagusEsophageal Foreign BodiesMegaesophagusVascular Ring AnomaliesEsophageal MassesRadiography of the Stomach and Small IntestineSurvey RadiographsContrast Examination of the Stomach and Small Intestine-IndicationsUpper Gastrointestinal SeriesNormal Upper GI SeriesStomachSmall IntestineDifferences in CatsPrinciples of Interpretation Other Contrast ProceduresUpper GI Series with IodinePneumogastrogramDouble Contrast GastrogramDisorders of the StomachGastric Foreign BodyGastric Torsion/DilatationPyloric Outflow ObstructionGastric NeoplasiaGastroesophageal IntussusceptionDisorders of Small IntestineIleusMechanical ObstructionForeign BodyIntussusceptionInflammatory Diseases Without UlcerationUlcersInfiltrative DiseaseRadiography of the Large IntestineContrast Radiography of the Large IntestinePneumocolographyBarium EnemaDouble Contrast Barium EnemaDisorders of the Large IntestineObstipationIleocolic IntussusceptionCecal InversionInfiltrative DiseasesMucosal Diseases (Colitis)Section 6 Urinary TractSelection of Appropriate Contrast ProcedureContrast Examination of the Urinary Bladder (Cystography)Positive Contrast CystogramNegative Contrast Cystogram (Pneumocystogram)Double Contrast CystogramVesicoureteral RefluxDisorders of the Urinary BladderUrinary CalculiRuptured BladderCystitisEmphysematous CystitisUrinary Bladder NeoplasiaContrast Examination of the Urethra (Urethrography)Disorders of the UrethraUrethral CalculiObstructive UropathyRuptured UrethraContrast Examination of the Kidneys andUreters-Excretory UrogramNormal Excretory UrogramArteriogram PhaseNephrogram PhasePyelogram PhaseCystogram PhaseDisorders of the Kidneys and UretersChronic Renal DiseaseRenal DysplasiaTransitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary BladderHydronephrosisRenal CalculiPyelonephritisRenal NeoplasiaPolycystic Renal DiseasePerirenal PseudocystCompensatory HypertrophyFunctional Evaluation of the KidneyRuptured UreterUreteral IleusUreteral CalculiPrimary UreteritisEctopic UreterSection 7 Reproductive TractFemale: Uterus and OvariesPregnancyDisorders of the Female Reproductive TractPyometra and Other Causes of Uterine EnlargementDystociaFetal DeathOvarian NeoplasiaDisorders of the Male Reproductive TractRetained Testicles and Prostate GlandTesticular MassesProstatic EnlargementBenign Prostatic HyperplasiaProstatitisProstatic AbscessProstatic NeoplasiaProstatic and Paraprostatic CystsSection 8 AnomaliesMicrohepaticaRenal AgenesisMalpositioned KidneysKartagener's SyndromeRecommended Readings