The Editors of this book are all part of the Presidium for the European Association of Geographers (EUROGEO), which was established in collaboration with the European Commission in 1979. Since 1987 it has had participatory status in the Council of Europe. In 2017 UN ECOSOC granted EUROGEO special consultative status for United Nations. In addition, EUROGEO created the Geocube, a tool for promoting what geography is and what geographers do.Prof. Karl Donert is President of EUROGEO and Prof. Kostis Koutsopoulos and Prof. Dr. Rafael de Miguel González both currently serve as Vice President.Both Kostis Koutsopoulos and Rafael de Miguel González are currently Series Editors for “Key Challenges in Geography”, the EUROGEO Book Series published by Springer.Prof. Dr. Kostis Koutsopoulos completed his undergraduate studies in Greece and then went to the USA, where he obtained his MSc and PhD degrees as well as a postgraduate diploma at the Departments of Geography and Civil Engineering of the University of California. He began his career teaching at the University of Auburn in the United States and in 1979, at the age of 34, he was elected Professor at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). He served as Director of the Laboratory of Geography and Space Analysis from 1981 to 2011.His fields of expertise include Spatial Analysis, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Survey Engineering.Prof. Dr. Rafael de Miguel González received his BA in Geography (summa cum laude) from the University of Zaragoza, Spain and his BA in Geography from the University of Nancy (France). MA in Urban Geography and Planning from the Institut d'Urbanisme de Paris (France), in 1996 and a PhD in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of Paris (France) in 1999. He subsequently received his second PhD in Geography Education from the University of Valladolid (Spain).He is currently Professor of Geography at the University of Zaragoza, where he is also coordinator of the geography education program and Executive Associate Dean (for International Relations) at the Faculty of Education. He is a member of the board of the Royal Geographical Society of Spain and the Vice-President of EUROGEO (European Association of Geographers). He serves as the regional contact for Spain and is a member of the International Geographical Union Commission on Geographical Education.He has been involved in more than 130 publications on urban geography and geographical education: books, book chapters, and journals articles alike. He co-edited the book Geography Education for Global Understanding, published by Springer, and the book Innovative Learning Geography in Europe, published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. He is a Member of the Editorial Board of International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education and Director of several research funded projects, including Digital Atlas for School Education. In addition, he is a Member of the General Assembly of Partners, III United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development. Representative of EUROGEO at United Nations Economic and Social Council NGO’s Committee.Prof. Karl Donert is a senior academic with extensive experience in educational development in higher education and in a teaching-led, research-informed context. President of EUROGEO. Director of the European Centre of Excellence and Vice President, Council of Europe INGO Conference, Commission on Education and Culture.A geographer by training, he is also an expert in learning and teaching with particular specialisation in academic networking and developing R&D partnerships, effective pedagogies in higher education, and the use of new technologies including e-learning.He has a national and international profile in his specialist areas and has a strong track record in leading major international and university activities. Karl is recognised as an outstanding teacher and national leader in learning and teaching, as demonstrated by his National Teaching Fellowship. He has initiated and led significant professional networks and communities of practice including the international higher education network HERODOT, which he coordinates. He is currently researching professional development through international networks and networking in higher education. His recent research interests focus on the uses of GeoInformation in education in EU funded projects like School on the cloud, GI-Learner, Geocapabilities, YouthMetre; in this regard, he serves as an external evaluator to the iGuess (GeoInformation in several subjects) and ALAC (Active Learning, Active Citizenship) projects. He is actively involved in developing ‘spatial citizenship’ as an educational tool.

• Key Challenges in Geography Research with Geospatial Technologies.- Part I: Geospatial Challenges and Geographical Problems.- The Geographical Information Systems: Tools for the Effective Management of the Cultural Heritage in the Event of Natural Disasters.- Using Geospatial Technologies in Mapping the Distribution and Quality of Ecosystems.- Linking Real Geographies and Virtual Realities with Immersive Geospatial Technologies.-Location Is Value: Spatial and Business Modelling Integration.- Mining Big Data for Tourist Hot Spots: Geographical Patterns of Online Footprints.- Contribution of GIS and Hydraulic Modeling to the Management of Water Distribution Network.- Challenges of Remote Sensing Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Land Surface Temperature.- Part II: Geospatial Challenges and Geographical Skills.- Web Map Application to Support Spatial Planning, Decision-making and Transition Towards Climate-smart Landscapes in the Tata Hills, Kenia.- The Role of Geographic Technologies in the Measure of Spatial Equity. 21st Century Solutions for Old Geographic Issues.- Changing River Courses and Border Determination Challenges - The Case of the Slovenian-Croatian Border.- Cultural Heritage and Collective Knowledge.- Geoweb Methods and Tools for Public Participation in Urban Planning: Selected Cases from Poland.- The Quest to Define the Knowledge and Skills Needed by Geospatial Professionals.- Uncertainty Challenge in Geospatial Analysis. An Approximation from the Land Use Cover Change Modelling Perspective.- The Pervasive Challenge of Error and Uncertainty in Geospatial Data.

The Editors of this book are all part of the Presidium for the European Association of Geographers (EUROGEO), which was established in collaboration with the European Commission in 1979. Since 1987 it has had participatory status in the Council of Europe. In 2017 UN ECOSOC granted EUROGEO special consultative status for United Nations. In addition, EUROGEO created the Geocube, a tool for promoting what geography is and what geographers do.Prof. Karl Donert is President of EUROGEO and Prof. Kostis Koutsopoulos and Prof. Dr. Rafael de Miguel González both currently serve as Vice President.Both Kostis Koutsopoulos and Rafael de Miguel González are currently Series Editors for “Key Challenges in Geography”, the EUROGEO Book Series published by Springer.Prof. Dr. Kostis Koutsopoulos completed his undergraduate studies in Greece and then went to the USA, where he obtained his MSc and PhD degrees as well as a postgraduate diploma at the Departments of Geography and Civil Engineering of the University of California. He began his career teaching at the University of Auburn in the United States and in 1979, at the age of 34, he was elected Professor at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). He served as Director of the Laboratory of Geography and Space Analysis from 1981 to 2011.His fields of expertise include Spatial Analysis, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Survey Engineering.Prof. Dr. Rafael de Miguel González received his BA in Geography (summa cum laude) from the University of Zaragoza, Spain and his BA in Geography from the University of Nancy (France). MA in Urban Geography and Planning from the Institut d'Urbanisme de Paris (France), in 1996 and a PhD in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of Paris (France) in 1999. He subsequently received his second PhD in Geography Education from the University of Valladolid (Spain).He is currently Professor of Geography at the University of Zaragoza, where he is also coordinator of the geography education program and Executive Associate Dean (for International Relations) at the Faculty of Education. He is a member of the board of the Royal Geographical Society of Spain and the Vice-President of EUROGEO (European Association of Geographers). He serves as the regional contact for Spain and is a member of the International Geographical Union Commission on Geographical Education.He has been involved in more than 130 publications on urban geography and geographical education: books, book chapters, and journals articles alike. He co-edited the book Geography Education for Global Understanding, published by Springer, and the book Innovative Learning Geography in Europe, published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. He is a Member of the Editorial Board of International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education and Director of several research funded projects, including Digital Atlas for School Education. In addition, he is a Member of the General Assembly of Partners, III United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development. Representative of EUROGEO at United Nations Economic and Social Council NGO’s Committee.Prof. Karl Donert is a senior academic with extensive experience in educational development in higher education and in a teaching-led, research-informed context. President of EUROGEO. Director of the European Centre of Excellence and Vice President, Council of Europe INGO Conference, Commission on Education and Culture.A geographer by training, he is also an expert in learning and teaching with particular specialisation in academic networking and developing R&D partnerships, effective pedagogies in higher education, and the use of new technologies including e-learning.He has a national and international profile in his specialist areas and has a strong track record in leading major international and university activities. Karl is recognised as an outstanding teacher and national leader in learning and teaching, as demonstrated by his National Teaching Fellowship. He has initiated and led significant professional networks and communities of practice including the international higher education network HERODOT, which he coordinates. He is currently researching professional development through international networks and networking in higher education. His recent research interests focus on the uses of GeoInformation in education in EU funded projects like School on the cloud, GI-Learner, Geocapabilities, YouthMetre; in this regard, he serves as an external evaluator to the iGuess (GeoInformation in several subjects) and ALAC (Active Learning, Active Citizenship) projects. He is actively involved in developing ‘spatial citizenship’ as an educational tool.

• Key Challenges in Geography Research with Geospatial Technologies.- Part I: Geospatial Challenges and Geographical Problems.- The Geographical Information Systems: Tools for the Effective Management of the Cultural Heritage in the Event of Natural Disasters.- Using Geospatial Technologies in Mapping the Distribution and Quality of Ecosystems.- Linking Real Geographies and Virtual Realities with Immersive Geospatial Technologies.-Location Is Value: Spatial and Business Modelling Integration.- Mining Big Data for Tourist Hot Spots: Geographical Patterns of Online Footprints.- Contribution of GIS and Hydraulic Modeling to the Management of Water Distribution Network.- Challenges of Remote Sensing Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Land Surface Temperature.- Part II: Geospatial Challenges and Geographical Skills.- Web Map Application to Support Spatial Planning, Decision-making and Transition Towards Climate-smart Landscapes in the Tata Hills, Kenia.- The Role of Geographic Technologies in the Measure of Spatial Equity. 21st Century Solutions for Old Geographic Issues.- Changing River Courses and Border Determination Challenges - The Case of the Slovenian-Croatian Border.- Cultural Heritage and Collective Knowledge.- Geoweb Methods and Tools for Public Participation in Urban Planning: Selected Cases from Poland.- The Quest to Define the Knowledge and Skills Needed by Geospatial Professionals.- Uncertainty Challenge in Geospatial Analysis. An Approximation from the Land Use Cover Change Modelling Perspective.- The Pervasive Challenge of Error and Uncertainty in Geospatial Data.

The Editors of this book are all part of the Presidium for the European Association of Geographers (EUROGEO), which was established in collaboration with the European Commission in 1979. Since 1987 it has had participatory status in the Council of Europe. In 2017 UN ECOSOC granted EUROGEO special consultative status for United Nations. In addition, EUROGEO created the Geocube, a tool for promoting what geography is and what geographers do.Prof. Karl Donert is President of EUROGEO and Prof. Kostis Koutsopoulos and Prof. Dr. Rafael de Miguel González both currently serve as Vice President.Both Kostis Koutsopoulos and Rafael de Miguel González are currently Series Editors for “Key Challenges in Geography”, the EUROGEO Book Series published by Springer.Prof. Dr. Kostis Koutsopoulos completed his undergraduate studies in Greece and then went to the USA, where he obtained his MSc and PhD degrees as well as a postgraduate diploma at the Departments of Geography and Civil Engineering of the University of California. He began his career teaching at the University of Auburn in the United States and in 1979, at the age of 34, he was elected Professor at the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). He served as Director of the Laboratory of Geography and Space Analysis from 1981 to 2011.His fields of expertise include Spatial Analysis, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Survey Engineering.Prof. Dr. Rafael de Miguel González received his BA in Geography (summa cum laude) from the University of Zaragoza, Spain and his BA in Geography from the University of Nancy (France). MA in Urban Geography and Planning from the Institut d'Urbanisme de Paris (France), in 1996 and a PhD in Urban and Regional Planning from the University of Paris (France) in 1999. He subsequently received his second PhD in Geography Education from the University of Valladolid (Spain).He is currently Professor of Geography at the University of Zaragoza, where he is also coordinator of the geography education program and Executive Associate Dean (for International Relations) at the Faculty of Education. He is a member of the board of the Royal Geographical Society of Spain and the Vice-President of EUROGEO (European Association of Geographers). He serves as the regional contact for Spain and is a member of the International Geographical Union Commission on Geographical Education.He has been involved in more than 130 publications on urban geography and geographical education: books, book chapters, and journals articles alike. He co-edited the book Geography Education for Global Understanding, published by Springer, and the book Innovative Learning Geography in Europe, published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. He is a Member of the Editorial Board of International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education and Director of several research funded projects, including Digital Atlas for School Education. In addition, he is a Member of the General Assembly of Partners, III United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development. Representative of EUROGEO at United Nations Economic and Social Council NGO’s Committee.Prof. Karl Donert is a senior academic with extensive experience in educational development in higher education and in a teaching-led, research-informed context. President of EUROGEO. Director of the European Centre of Excellence and Vice President, Council of Europe INGO Conference, Commission on Education and Culture.A geographer by training, he is also an expert in learning and teaching with particular specialisation in academic networking and developing R&D partnerships, effective pedagogies in higher education, and the use of new technologies including e-learning.He has a national and international profile in his specialist areas and has a strong track record in leading major international and university activities. Karl is recognised as an outstanding teacher and national leader in learning and teaching, as demonstrated by his National Teaching Fellowship. He has initiated and led significant professional networks and communities of practice including the international higher education network HERODOT, which he coordinates. He is currently researching professional development through international networks and networking in higher education. His recent research interests focus on the uses of GeoInformation in education in EU funded projects like School on the cloud, GI-Learner, Geocapabilities, YouthMetre; in this regard, he serves as an external evaluator to the iGuess (GeoInformation in several subjects) and ALAC (Active Learning, Active Citizenship) projects. He is actively involved in developing ‘spatial citizenship’ as an educational tool.

• Key Challenges in Geography Research with Geospatial Technologies.- Part I: Geospatial Challenges and Geographical Problems.- The Geographical Information Systems: Tools for the Effective Management of the Cultural Heritage in the Event of Natural Disasters.- Using Geospatial Technologies in Mapping the Distribution and Quality of Ecosystems.- Linking Real Geographies and Virtual Realities with Immersive Geospatial Technologies.-Location Is Value: Spatial and Business Modelling Integration.- Mining Big Data for Tourist Hot Spots: Geographical Patterns of Online Footprints.- Contribution of GIS and Hydraulic Modeling to the Management of Water Distribution Network.- Challenges of Remote Sensing Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Land Surface Temperature.- Part II: Geospatial Challenges and Geographical Skills.- Web Map Application to Support Spatial Planning, Decision-making and Transition Towards Climate-smart Landscapes in the Tata Hills, Kenia.- The Role of Geographic Technologies in the Measure of Spatial Equity. 21st Century Solutions for Old Geographic Issues.- Changing River Courses and Border Determination Challenges - The Case of the Slovenian-Croatian Border.- Cultural Heritage and Collective Knowledge.- Geoweb Methods and Tools for Public Participation in Urban Planning: Selected Cases from Poland.- The Quest to Define the Knowledge and Skills Needed by Geospatial Professionals.- Uncertainty Challenge in Geospatial Analysis. An Approximation from the Land Use Cover Change Modelling Perspective.- The Pervasive Challenge of Error and Uncertainty in Geospatial Data.