Mohan V Belthur, MD, MS, FRCS (Tr & Orth), FRCSC, Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Arizona College of Medicine & Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.Dr Belthur is committed to providing the best orthopaedic care and service to his patients, by being compassionate, competent, and conscientious. He strives relentlessly to improve the quality of life of children, adolescents, and young adults with musculoskeletal problems by engaging, empathizing, educating, enlisting their help, and empowering them and their families. He is involved in clinical research projects that are impactful and make a difference to the lives of disabled children. He is passionate about teaching and mentoring learners from all walks of the health profession. He is interested in global health and works with non- profit organizations to reduce the burden of childhood musculoskeletal disorders in low- and middle-income countries.     Ashish SRanade, MBBS, MS Orth, FRCS(Glasg) Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, Blooming Buds Centre for Pediatric Orthopaedics, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IndiaDr Ranade is a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon who is trained in the UK, USA, and India. He believes in giving the best treatment by putting patients and their families first. While practicing in India for more than a decade, he has seen musculoskeletal infections and their complications in diverse forms. The desire to give the best possible outcome to every child with such complex problems sparked his interest in musculoskeletal infections. He hopes that this book will help tremendously to all who treat musculoskeletal infections in children. In addition to a busy clinical practice, he is very much involved in teaching, writing, and doing clinical research. He strives to keep his knowledge up-to-date and loves to learn new things. Martin J Herman, MD, Professor of Orthopedic surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Chief of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USADr. Herman has been practicing pediatric orthopedic surgery, teaching and mentoring trainees, and writing about pediatric orthopedic conditions for over 25 years. The diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal infections have evolved in many important ways. This textbook is the first of its kind that is solely dedicated to these complex and potentially catastrophic diseases. It is our hope that these pages will serve as a guide for those dedicated to the care of children with these varied conditions and who are committed to improving outcomes.  James A Fernandes, MS Orth,FRCS (Glas),FRCS Tr&Orth(Eng), Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation, Western Bank, Sheffield, UKMr Fernandes trained in India and the U.K. practicing in his specialist area of pediatric orthopedics since 1990. He has been a part of the centre of excellence in Sheffield since 2000 in paediatric limb reconstruction and general paediatric orthopaedics; training, mentoring and teaching many a fellow over the years and treating children of the U.K. and from Europe. His interests in musculoskeletal infections stem from his background in India where the burden is high and therefore his primary aim is to support those who treat especially the sequela of these infections. We hope this textbook will help not only the developed countries but most of all the LMIC countries where the burden and economic costs are the most. The knowledge from this book will help in one’s wisdom.

• Section 1: General principles.- Epidemiology of musculoskeletal infections.- The Microbiology of MSK infections and antibiotic therapies.- Pathology of musculoskeletal infections.- Imaging modalities to diagnose musculoskeletal infections.- Infection mimics: differential diagnoses of musculoskeletal infections.- MRSA and virulent MSSA infections.- Systemic effects of musculoskeletal infections and ICU management.- Local antibiotic drug delivery systems for musculoskeletal infections.- Evidence based management of musculoskeletal infections.- Section 2: Acute musculoskeletal infections.- Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.- Septic arthritis.- Pyomyositis.- Musculoskeletal infections in the neonate.- Subacute osteomyelitis.- Surgical site infection in pediatric orthopaedic surgery.- Surgical site infection in spine surgery.- Infections related to external fixators.- Pediatric musculoskeletal infections: a LMIC perspective.- Section 3: Chronic musculoskeletal infections and their sequelae.-Chronic hematogenous Osteomyelitis.- Post-traumatic chronic osteomyelitis.- Chronic non-bacterial recurrent osteomyelitis (Chronic non-infective osteitis).- Pathological fractures with osteomyelitis.- Post infective deformities: strategies for limb reconstruction.- Sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip and late reconstruction.- Post infective bone gap management of the upper extremity.- Post infective bone gap management of the lower extremity.- Post infective bone gap management: Induced membrane technique.- Section 4: Region specific musculoskeletal infections.- Epiphyseal osteomyelitis.- Pediatric hand infections.- Pediatric foot infections.- Tuberculosis of the axial skeleton.- Tuberculosis of the appendicular skeleton.- Non-tuberculous infections of the spine.- Section 5: Uncommon musculoskeletal infections.- Musculoskeletal infections in immunocompromised children.- Fungal infections.- Necrotizing fasciitis.- Gas gangrene.- Meningococcal infections.- Brucellosis, Hydatid disease, and viral osteomyelitis.

Mohan V Belthur, MD, MS, FRCS (Tr & Orth), FRCSC, Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Arizona College of Medicine & Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.Dr Belthur is committed to providing the best orthopaedic care and service to his patients, by being compassionate, competent, and conscientious. He strives relentlessly to improve the quality of life of children, adolescents, and young adults with musculoskeletal problems by engaging, empathizing, educating, enlisting their help, and empowering them and their families. He is involved in clinical research projects that are impactful and make a difference to the lives of disabled children. He is passionate about teaching and mentoring learners from all walks of the health profession. He is interested in global health and works with non- profit organizations to reduce the burden of childhood musculoskeletal disorders in low- and middle-income countries.     Ashish SRanade, MBBS, MS Orth, FRCS(Glasg) Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, Blooming Buds Centre for Pediatric Orthopaedics, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IndiaDr Ranade is a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon who is trained in the UK, USA, and India. He believes in giving the best treatment by putting patients and their families first. While practicing in India for more than a decade, he has seen musculoskeletal infections and their complications in diverse forms. The desire to give the best possible outcome to every child with such complex problems sparked his interest in musculoskeletal infections. He hopes that this book will help tremendously to all who treat musculoskeletal infections in children. In addition to a busy clinical practice, he is very much involved in teaching, writing, and doing clinical research. He strives to keep his knowledge up-to-date and loves to learn new things. Martin J Herman, MD, Professor of Orthopedic surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Chief of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USADr. Herman has been practicing pediatric orthopedic surgery, teaching and mentoring trainees, and writing about pediatric orthopedic conditions for over 25 years. The diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal infections have evolved in many important ways. This textbook is the first of its kind that is solely dedicated to these complex and potentially catastrophic diseases. It is our hope that these pages will serve as a guide for those dedicated to the care of children with these varied conditions and who are committed to improving outcomes.  James A Fernandes, MS Orth,FRCS (Glas),FRCS Tr&Orth(Eng), Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation, Western Bank, Sheffield, UKMr Fernandes trained in India and the U.K. practicing in his specialist area of pediatric orthopedics since 1990. He has been a part of the centre of excellence in Sheffield since 2000 in paediatric limb reconstruction and general paediatric orthopaedics; training, mentoring and teaching many a fellow over the years and treating children of the U.K. and from Europe. His interests in musculoskeletal infections stem from his background in India where the burden is high and therefore his primary aim is to support those who treat especially the sequela of these infections. We hope this textbook will help not only the developed countries but most of all the LMIC countries where the burden and economic costs are the most. The knowledge from this book will help in one’s wisdom.

• Section 1: General principles.- Epidemiology of musculoskeletal infections.- The Microbiology of MSK infections and antibiotic therapies.- Pathology of musculoskeletal infections.- Imaging modalities to diagnose musculoskeletal infections.- Infection mimics: differential diagnoses of musculoskeletal infections.- MRSA and virulent MSSA infections.- Systemic effects of musculoskeletal infections and ICU management.- Local antibiotic drug delivery systems for musculoskeletal infections.- Evidence based management of musculoskeletal infections.- Section 2: Acute musculoskeletal infections.- Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.- Septic arthritis.- Pyomyositis.- Musculoskeletal infections in the neonate.- Subacute osteomyelitis.- Surgical site infection in pediatric orthopaedic surgery.- Surgical site infection in spine surgery.- Infections related to external fixators.- Pediatric musculoskeletal infections: a LMIC perspective.- Section 3: Chronic musculoskeletal infections and their sequelae.-Chronic hematogenous Osteomyelitis.- Post-traumatic chronic osteomyelitis.- Chronic non-bacterial recurrent osteomyelitis (Chronic non-infective osteitis).- Pathological fractures with osteomyelitis.- Post infective deformities: strategies for limb reconstruction.- Sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip and late reconstruction.- Post infective bone gap management of the upper extremity.- Post infective bone gap management of the lower extremity.- Post infective bone gap management: Induced membrane technique.- Section 4: Region specific musculoskeletal infections.- Epiphyseal osteomyelitis.- Pediatric hand infections.- Pediatric foot infections.- Tuberculosis of the axial skeleton.- Tuberculosis of the appendicular skeleton.- Non-tuberculous infections of the spine.- Section 5: Uncommon musculoskeletal infections.- Musculoskeletal infections in immunocompromised children.- Fungal infections.- Necrotizing fasciitis.- Gas gangrene.- Meningococcal infections.- Brucellosis, Hydatid disease, and viral osteomyelitis.

Mohan V Belthur, MD, MS, FRCS (Tr & Orth), FRCSC, Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Arizona College of Medicine & Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.Dr Belthur is committed to providing the best orthopaedic care and service to his patients, by being compassionate, competent, and conscientious. He strives relentlessly to improve the quality of life of children, adolescents, and young adults with musculoskeletal problems by engaging, empathizing, educating, enlisting their help, and empowering them and their families. He is involved in clinical research projects that are impactful and make a difference to the lives of disabled children. He is passionate about teaching and mentoring learners from all walks of the health profession. He is interested in global health and works with non- profit organizations to reduce the burden of childhood musculoskeletal disorders in low- and middle-income countries.     Ashish SRanade, MBBS, MS Orth, FRCS(Glasg) Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, Blooming Buds Centre for Pediatric Orthopaedics, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital & Research Centre, Pune, IndiaDr Ranade is a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon who is trained in the UK, USA, and India. He believes in giving the best treatment by putting patients and their families first. While practicing in India for more than a decade, he has seen musculoskeletal infections and their complications in diverse forms. The desire to give the best possible outcome to every child with such complex problems sparked his interest in musculoskeletal infections. He hopes that this book will help tremendously to all who treat musculoskeletal infections in children. In addition to a busy clinical practice, he is very much involved in teaching, writing, and doing clinical research. He strives to keep his knowledge up-to-date and loves to learn new things. Martin J Herman, MD, Professor of Orthopedic surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Chief of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USADr. Herman has been practicing pediatric orthopedic surgery, teaching and mentoring trainees, and writing about pediatric orthopedic conditions for over 25 years. The diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal infections have evolved in many important ways. This textbook is the first of its kind that is solely dedicated to these complex and potentially catastrophic diseases. It is our hope that these pages will serve as a guide for those dedicated to the care of children with these varied conditions and who are committed to improving outcomes.  James A Fernandes, MS Orth,FRCS (Glas),FRCS Tr&Orth(Eng), Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation, Western Bank, Sheffield, UKMr Fernandes trained in India and the U.K. practicing in his specialist area of pediatric orthopedics since 1990. He has been a part of the centre of excellence in Sheffield since 2000 in paediatric limb reconstruction and general paediatric orthopaedics; training, mentoring and teaching many a fellow over the years and treating children of the U.K. and from Europe. His interests in musculoskeletal infections stem from his background in India where the burden is high and therefore his primary aim is to support those who treat especially the sequela of these infections. We hope this textbook will help not only the developed countries but most of all the LMIC countries where the burden and economic costs are the most. The knowledge from this book will help in one’s wisdom.

• Section 1: General principles.- Epidemiology of musculoskeletal infections.- The Microbiology of MSK infections and antibiotic therapies.- Pathology of musculoskeletal infections.- Imaging modalities to diagnose musculoskeletal infections.- Infection mimics: differential diagnoses of musculoskeletal infections.- MRSA and virulent MSSA infections.- Systemic effects of musculoskeletal infections and ICU management.- Local antibiotic drug delivery systems for musculoskeletal infections.- Evidence based management of musculoskeletal infections.- Section 2: Acute musculoskeletal infections.- Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.- Septic arthritis.- Pyomyositis.- Musculoskeletal infections in the neonate.- Subacute osteomyelitis.- Surgical site infection in pediatric orthopaedic surgery.- Surgical site infection in spine surgery.- Infections related to external fixators.- Pediatric musculoskeletal infections: a LMIC perspective.- Section 3: Chronic musculoskeletal infections and their sequelae.-Chronic hematogenous Osteomyelitis.- Post-traumatic chronic osteomyelitis.- Chronic non-bacterial recurrent osteomyelitis (Chronic non-infective osteitis).- Pathological fractures with osteomyelitis.- Post infective deformities: strategies for limb reconstruction.- Sequelae of septic arthritis of the hip and late reconstruction.- Post infective bone gap management of the upper extremity.- Post infective bone gap management of the lower extremity.- Post infective bone gap management: Induced membrane technique.- Section 4: Region specific musculoskeletal infections.- Epiphyseal osteomyelitis.- Pediatric hand infections.- Pediatric foot infections.- Tuberculosis of the axial skeleton.- Tuberculosis of the appendicular skeleton.- Non-tuberculous infections of the spine.- Section 5: Uncommon musculoskeletal infections.- Musculoskeletal infections in immunocompromised children.- Fungal infections.- Necrotizing fasciitis.- Gas gangrene.- Meningococcal infections.- Brucellosis, Hydatid disease, and viral osteomyelitis.