Dr. Michael T. Johnstone, MD, is the Director of Clinical Cardiology and Director of the Cardiology Fellowship Program at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, and an Associate Professor of Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine. Board certified in internal medicine, cardiovascular disease, vascular medicine, nuclear medicine, echocardiography, cardiac CT and vascular ultrasound, Dr. Johnstone specializes in coronary artery disease, diabetic heart disease, general cardiology, non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, and valvular heart disease. He earned his medical degree in 1982 from McGill University in Montreal, Canada and did his residency at Montreal General Hospital. He completed his Cardiology Fellowship at McGill University, the Montreal Heart Institute and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. He spent 7 years as the Director of the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Program at the Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. His research interests include non-invasive imaging,atherosclerosis, acute cardiovascular disease/ plaque disruption and diabetes mellitus.Michael Johnstone, MD, CM, FRCP(C), FACC, FAHA, FVSM, FASE, FASNC,Director, Cardiovascular Fellowship Program and Clinical ProgramSteward St. Elizabeth’s Medical CenterAssociate Professor, Tufts University Medical School736 Cambridge St.Brighton, MA. 02135Dr. Aristidis Veves is the Director of the Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and the Research Director of the Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and of the Microcirculation Lab, and Rongxiang Xu, MD Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School. He received his M.D. from the Medical School, Aristotelion University of Thessaloniki (Greece) in 1981, his M.Sc. from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester (U.K.) in 1991, and his D.Sc. from Athens Medical School (Greece) in 1993. Dr. Veves did his internship and residency in Greece. He then completed his Fellowship in Diabetes and Endocrinology at Manchester Royal Infirmary (U.K.) (1987-1993). In 1993 he moved to USA as a Research Fellow at Deaconess – Joslin Foot Center, Deaconess Hospital (Boston, MA) (1993-1995). He subsequently became Instructor (1995-1999), Assistant Professor (1999-2004) and Associate Professor (2004-2012) and Professor (2012-present). Dr. Veves’ main academic interest is diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy and foot ulceration. He conducts ‘bench to bedside’ research that is mainly funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH), DARPA, DoD and other non-profit organizations. The main aim of his research is to understand the pathogenesis of these complications can develop new therapeutic approaches.  Aristidis Veves, MD, DSc, MSc Rongxiang Xu, MD, Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School,Director, The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics,Research Director, Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAddress: Palmer 321A, West, BIDMC,One Deaconess Road, Boston, MA, 02215

• Section I. Pathophysiology.- Chapter 1. Effects of Insulin on the Vascular System.- Chapter 2. Effects of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance on Endothelial Functions.- Chapter 3. Diabetes, Inflammation and the Its Role in Cardiovascular Disease.- Chapter 4. The Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic-Cardiovascular Complications.- Chapter 5. PPARs and Their Emerging Role in Vascular Biology, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis.- Chapter 6. Diabetes and Thrombosis.- Chapter 7. Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 8. Nitric Oxide, its Role in Diabetes Mellitus and Methods to Improve Endothelial Function.- Chapter 9. The Role of Sleep Apnea in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease.- Chapter 10. Diabetes and Atherosclerosis.- Section II. Clinical.- Chapter 11. Adiponectin, Diabetes and the Cardiovascular System.- Chapter 12. The Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Disease.- Chapter 13. Diabetes and Hypertension.- Chapter 14. Diabetes and Dyslipidemia.- Chapter 15. Diabetic Retinopathy.- Chapter 16. Microcirculation of the Diabetic Foot.- Chapter 17. Diabetic Nephropathy.- Chapter 18. Diabetes and Neurological Disease.- Section III. Peripheral Vascular Disease.- Chapter 19. Epidemiology of Peripheral Vascular Disease.- Chapter 20. Noninvasive Methods to Assess Vascular Function and Pathophysiology.- Chapter 21. Peripheral Vascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 22. Surgical Treatment for the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus.- Section IV. Cardiac Disease.- Chapter 23. Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease.- Chapter 24. Diabetes and Percutaneous Interventional Therapy.- Chapter 25. Cardiac Surgery and Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 26. Heart Failure and Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetes.- Chapter 27. Metformin, Glipizides and DPP4 Inhibitors the Treatment of Type 2 DM.- Chapter 28. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 antagonists on diabetes and cardiovascular disease.- Chapter 29. Insulin Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus- Tight vs. Conventional Control.- Chapter 30. Tailoring the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to the Individual.- Chapter 31. Lifestyle and Nutrition Therapy.- Section V. Future Directions.- Chapter 32. Present-Day Treatment of the Diabetic Patient.

Dr. Michael T. Johnstone, MD, is the Director of Clinical Cardiology and Director of the Cardiology Fellowship Program at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, and an Associate Professor of Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine. Board certified in internal medicine, cardiovascular disease, vascular medicine, nuclear medicine, echocardiography, cardiac CT and vascular ultrasound, Dr. Johnstone specializes in coronary artery disease, diabetic heart disease, general cardiology, non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, and valvular heart disease. He earned his medical degree in 1982 from McGill University in Montreal, Canada and did his residency at Montreal General Hospital. He completed his Cardiology Fellowship at McGill University, the Montreal Heart Institute and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. He spent 7 years as the Director of the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Program at the Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. His research interests include non-invasive imaging,atherosclerosis, acute cardiovascular disease/ plaque disruption and diabetes mellitus.Michael Johnstone, MD, CM, FRCP(C), FACC, FAHA, FVSM, FASE, FASNC,Director, Cardiovascular Fellowship Program and Clinical ProgramSteward St. Elizabeth’s Medical CenterAssociate Professor, Tufts University Medical School736 Cambridge St.Brighton, MA. 02135Dr. Aristidis Veves is the Director of the Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and the Research Director of the Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and of the Microcirculation Lab, and Rongxiang Xu, MD Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School. He received his M.D. from the Medical School, Aristotelion University of Thessaloniki (Greece) in 1981, his M.Sc. from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester (U.K.) in 1991, and his D.Sc. from Athens Medical School (Greece) in 1993. Dr. Veves did his internship and residency in Greece. He then completed his Fellowship in Diabetes and Endocrinology at Manchester Royal Infirmary (U.K.) (1987-1993). In 1993 he moved to USA as a Research Fellow at Deaconess – Joslin Foot Center, Deaconess Hospital (Boston, MA) (1993-1995). He subsequently became Instructor (1995-1999), Assistant Professor (1999-2004) and Associate Professor (2004-2012) and Professor (2012-present). Dr. Veves’ main academic interest is diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy and foot ulceration. He conducts ‘bench to bedside’ research that is mainly funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH), DARPA, DoD and other non-profit organizations. The main aim of his research is to understand the pathogenesis of these complications can develop new therapeutic approaches.  Aristidis Veves, MD, DSc, MSc Rongxiang Xu, MD, Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School,Director, The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics,Research Director, Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAddress: Palmer 321A, West, BIDMC,One Deaconess Road, Boston, MA, 02215

• Section I. Pathophysiology.- Chapter 1. Effects of Insulin on the Vascular System.- Chapter 2. Effects of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance on Endothelial Functions.- Chapter 3. Diabetes, Inflammation and the Its Role in Cardiovascular Disease.- Chapter 4. The Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic-Cardiovascular Complications.- Chapter 5. PPARs and Their Emerging Role in Vascular Biology, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis.- Chapter 6. Diabetes and Thrombosis.- Chapter 7. Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 8. Nitric Oxide, its Role in Diabetes Mellitus and Methods to Improve Endothelial Function.- Chapter 9. The Role of Sleep Apnea in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease.- Chapter 10. Diabetes and Atherosclerosis.- Section II. Clinical.- Chapter 11. Adiponectin, Diabetes and the Cardiovascular System.- Chapter 12. The Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Disease.- Chapter 13. Diabetes and Hypertension.- Chapter 14. Diabetes and Dyslipidemia.- Chapter 15. Diabetic Retinopathy.- Chapter 16. Microcirculation of the Diabetic Foot.- Chapter 17. Diabetic Nephropathy.- Chapter 18. Diabetes and Neurological Disease.- Section III. Peripheral Vascular Disease.- Chapter 19. Epidemiology of Peripheral Vascular Disease.- Chapter 20. Noninvasive Methods to Assess Vascular Function and Pathophysiology.- Chapter 21. Peripheral Vascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 22. Surgical Treatment for the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus.- Section IV. Cardiac Disease.- Chapter 23. Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease.- Chapter 24. Diabetes and Percutaneous Interventional Therapy.- Chapter 25. Cardiac Surgery and Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 26. Heart Failure and Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetes.- Chapter 27. Metformin, Glipizides and DPP4 Inhibitors the Treatment of Type 2 DM.- Chapter 28. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 antagonists on diabetes and cardiovascular disease.- Chapter 29. Insulin Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus- Tight vs. Conventional Control.- Chapter 30. Tailoring the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to the Individual.- Chapter 31. Lifestyle and Nutrition Therapy.- Section V. Future Directions.- Chapter 32. Present-Day Treatment of the Diabetic Patient.

Dr. Michael T. Johnstone, MD, is the Director of Clinical Cardiology and Director of the Cardiology Fellowship Program at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, and an Associate Professor of Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine. Board certified in internal medicine, cardiovascular disease, vascular medicine, nuclear medicine, echocardiography, cardiac CT and vascular ultrasound, Dr. Johnstone specializes in coronary artery disease, diabetic heart disease, general cardiology, non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, and valvular heart disease. He earned his medical degree in 1982 from McGill University in Montreal, Canada and did his residency at Montreal General Hospital. He completed his Cardiology Fellowship at McGill University, the Montreal Heart Institute and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. He spent 7 years as the Director of the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Program at the Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. His research interests include non-invasive imaging,atherosclerosis, acute cardiovascular disease/ plaque disruption and diabetes mellitus.Michael Johnstone, MD, CM, FRCP(C), FACC, FAHA, FVSM, FASE, FASNC,Director, Cardiovascular Fellowship Program and Clinical ProgramSteward St. Elizabeth’s Medical CenterAssociate Professor, Tufts University Medical School736 Cambridge St.Brighton, MA. 02135Dr. Aristidis Veves is the Director of the Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and the Research Director of the Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and of the Microcirculation Lab, and Rongxiang Xu, MD Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School. He received his M.D. from the Medical School, Aristotelion University of Thessaloniki (Greece) in 1981, his M.Sc. from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Manchester (U.K.) in 1991, and his D.Sc. from Athens Medical School (Greece) in 1993. Dr. Veves did his internship and residency in Greece. He then completed his Fellowship in Diabetes and Endocrinology at Manchester Royal Infirmary (U.K.) (1987-1993). In 1993 he moved to USA as a Research Fellow at Deaconess – Joslin Foot Center, Deaconess Hospital (Boston, MA) (1993-1995). He subsequently became Instructor (1995-1999), Assistant Professor (1999-2004) and Associate Professor (2004-2012) and Professor (2012-present). Dr. Veves’ main academic interest is diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy and foot ulceration. He conducts ‘bench to bedside’ research that is mainly funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH), DARPA, DoD and other non-profit organizations. The main aim of his research is to understand the pathogenesis of these complications can develop new therapeutic approaches.  Aristidis Veves, MD, DSc, MSc Rongxiang Xu, MD, Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School,Director, The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics,Research Director, Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAddress: Palmer 321A, West, BIDMC,One Deaconess Road, Boston, MA, 02215

• Section I. Pathophysiology.- Chapter 1. Effects of Insulin on the Vascular System.- Chapter 2. Effects of Diabetes and Insulin Resistance on Endothelial Functions.- Chapter 3. Diabetes, Inflammation and the Its Role in Cardiovascular Disease.- Chapter 4. The Renin-Angiotensin System in Diabetic-Cardiovascular Complications.- Chapter 5. PPARs and Their Emerging Role in Vascular Biology, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis.- Chapter 6. Diabetes and Thrombosis.- Chapter 7. Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 8. Nitric Oxide, its Role in Diabetes Mellitus and Methods to Improve Endothelial Function.- Chapter 9. The Role of Sleep Apnea in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease.- Chapter 10. Diabetes and Atherosclerosis.- Section II. Clinical.- Chapter 11. Adiponectin, Diabetes and the Cardiovascular System.- Chapter 12. The Metabolic Syndrome and Vascular Disease.- Chapter 13. Diabetes and Hypertension.- Chapter 14. Diabetes and Dyslipidemia.- Chapter 15. Diabetic Retinopathy.- Chapter 16. Microcirculation of the Diabetic Foot.- Chapter 17. Diabetic Nephropathy.- Chapter 18. Diabetes and Neurological Disease.- Section III. Peripheral Vascular Disease.- Chapter 19. Epidemiology of Peripheral Vascular Disease.- Chapter 20. Noninvasive Methods to Assess Vascular Function and Pathophysiology.- Chapter 21. Peripheral Vascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 22. Surgical Treatment for the Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus.- Section IV. Cardiac Disease.- Chapter 23. Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease.- Chapter 24. Diabetes and Percutaneous Interventional Therapy.- Chapter 25. Cardiac Surgery and Diabetes Mellitus.- Chapter 26. Heart Failure and Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetes.- Chapter 27. Metformin, Glipizides and DPP4 Inhibitors the Treatment of Type 2 DM.- Chapter 28. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 antagonists on diabetes and cardiovascular disease.- Chapter 29. Insulin Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus- Tight vs. Conventional Control.- Chapter 30. Tailoring the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to the Individual.- Chapter 31. Lifestyle and Nutrition Therapy.- Section V. Future Directions.- Chapter 32. Present-Day Treatment of the Diabetic Patient.