Imaging and Technology in Urology

Sotonye Tolofari BSc(Hons) MBChB FRCS(Urol) Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care alliance NHS Trust, Manchester, UK Mr Tolofari studied Medicine at the University of Manchester, graduating in 2011. During his undergraduate career, he was awarded an intercalated 1st Class(Hons) Pathology BSc. Over the subsequent decade he trained in General & Urological Surgery in the North West of England. He successfully completed the FRCS(Urol) examination and was awarded the Keith Yeates Gold Medal for outstanding performance in 2019.  Sotonye’s specialist interests include the treatment of kidney cancer and upper tract urothelial cancer using open, laparoscopic and robotic techniques. He also has interests in prostate cancer diagnostics and the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Sotonye Tolofari was the Chairman of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Section of Trainees in 2020 and, as such, sat on the Speciality AdvisoryCommittee (SAC) for Urology.  He is the current Clinical Director for Urological Cancers in the Greater Manchester Cancer Alliance. He has an active involvement in research and quality improvement with multiple authored peer reviewed publications and learning modules.Mrs Dora Moon, MBChB FRCS(Urol), Consultant UrologistDora Moon studied Medicine at the University of Manchester, UK graduating in 2008. She developed a interest in basic science research, further developing this whilst working as a research associate at The University of Vermont College of Medicine in the USA. Her post-graduate surgical training was based in the North West of England, during which she sat as treasurer and committee member on the national urology trainee committee BSoT for 3 years. Dora works as an NHS consultant in Lancashire, offering a tertiary robotic surgery service for the treatment of renal cell and upper urothelial tract cancer, for patients in Lancashire and South Cumbria.Benjamin Starmer, MBChB FRCS(Urol), Consultant UrologistBenjamin studied medicine at the University of Liverpool, graduating in 2011. He completed his training in Urology in the North West of England. During his training, Benjamin successfully completed Postgraduate certificates in medical education and medical leadership. After passing the FRCS(Urol), he was awarded the Keith Yeates Gold Medal for outstanding performance in 2021. In 2020 Benjamin acted as the Honorary Secretary for BAUS Section of Trainees and is now currently an active member of the MCQ writing group for the FRCS(Urol). Benjamin’s specialist interests include pelvic oncology, prostate cancer diagnostics and robotic surgery. Steve Payne MB MS FRCS FEBUrol, Retired Consultant UrologistSteve qualified from the Royal Free Hospital in 1977 and was appointed Consultant Urologist at Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1988. He progressed specialist clinical interests in complex andrology and reconstructive urology at regional and national levels, whilst also having leading roles in developments in under- and post-graduate medical education. He chaired the Joint Committee on Intercollegiate Exams for the FRCS in Urology and, subsequently, the International JSCFE exam which he continues to quality assure. Steve has officiated across a number of other higher-qualification urological boards at both national and international levels and is widely published. Since retirement from clinical practice he has maintained an involvement with the production of multimedia educative material and the provision of simulation training at junior and advanced levels. In addition, Steve works with the Surgeon Wellbeing unit in the Department of Psychology at Bournemouth University, with a research interest in the peri-retirement population, and helps hands-on development of reconstructive skills for surgeons in lowand low-middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa with colleagues from the Urolink charity.

“The second edition of Imaging and Technology in Urology is a comprehensive 475-page book covering all aspects of urological technology, with contributions from UK-based urology and radiology colleagues. ... The individual chapters are concise, easy to read and well illustrated … . the text acts as a handy reference manual to dip in and out of, to refresh knowledge on specific techniques, without needing to read the entire book from cover to cover.” (Emma Mironska, RAD Magazine, March, 2024)

• Part 1: Imaging Radiology.- Ch 1: Principles of X-ray production and radiation protection.- Ch 2: How to perform a clinical radiograph and use a C-arm.- Ch 3: Contrast agents.- Ch 4: Dual Energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA).- Ch 5: The physics of ultrasound and Doppler.- Ch 6: How to ultrasound a suspected renal mass.- Ch 7: How to ultrasound a painful testicle and mass.- Ch 8: How to do a trans-perineal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate.- Ch 9: How to manage an infected obstructed kidney.- Ch 10: Principles of computed tomography (CT).- Ch 11: How to do a CT urogram (CTU).- Ch 12: How to do a renal and adrenal CT.- Ch 13: How to do a CT in a patient with presumed upper tract trauma.- Ch 14: Principles of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).- Ch 15: Safety in MR scanning.- Ch 16: Urological applications of MR scanning.- Ch 17: Vascular embolization techniques in urology.- Part 2: Imaging Nuclear Medicine.- Ch 18: Radionuclides and their uses in urology.- Ch 19: Counting and imaging in nuclear medicine.- Ch 20: Principles of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning.- Ch 21: PET-CT imaging in prostate cancer.- Ch 22: Understanding the renogram – how it's done and how to interpret it.- Ch 23: The diuresis renogram – how it's done and how to interpret it.- Ch 24: Understanding the DMSA scan – how it's done and how to interpret it.- Ch 25: How to do a radioisotope glomerular filtration rate study.- Ch 26: Understanding the radionuclide bone scan – how it's done and how to interpret it.- Ch 27: Renography of the transplanted kidney – how it's done and how to interpret it.- Ch 28: Dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in penile cancer.- Part 3: Technology Diagnostic technology.- Ch 29: Urinalysis.- Ch 30: Principles of urine microscopy and micro-biological culture.- Ch 31: Urinary flow cytometry.- Ch 32: Urine cytology.- Ch 33: Histopathologial processing, staining and immuno-histochemistry.- Ch 34: Tumour markers.- Ch 35: Measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).- Ch 36: Assessment of urinary tract stones.- Ch 37: Principles of pressure measurement.- Ch 38: Principles of measurement of urinary flow.- Ch 39: How to carry out a videocystometrogram (VCMG) in an adult.- Ch 40: Sphincter electromyography (EMG).- Part 4 Technology Operative.- Ch 41: Operating theatre safety.- Ch 42: Principles of decontamination.- Ch 43: Patient safety in the operating theatre environment.- Ch 44: Venous thromboembolic prevention.- Ch 45: Anticoagulants and their reversal.- Ch 46: Haemostatic agents, tissue sealants and adhesives.- Ch 47: Transfusion in urology.- Ch 48: Cell salvage in urological surgery.- Ch 49: Principles of urological endoscopes.- Ch 50: Rigid endoscope design.- Ch 51: Light Sources, light leads and camera systems.- Ch 52: Peripherals for endoscopic use.- Ch 53: Peripherals for laparoscopic use.- Ch 54: Peripherals for mechanical stone manipulation.- Ch 55: Sutures, staples and clips.- Ch 56: Contact lithotripters.- Ch 57: Monopolar diathermy.- Ch 58: Bipolar diathermy.- Ch 59: Alternatives to electro-surgery.- Ch 60: Operative tissue destruction.- Ch 61: Endoscopic use of laser energy.- Ch 62: Double J stents and nephrostomy.- Ch 63: Urinary catheters, design and usage.- Ch 64: Urological prosthetics.- Ch 65: Mesh in urological surgery.- Ch 66: Irrigant fluids and their hazards.- Ch 67: Insufflants and their hazards.- Ch 68: Laparoscopic ports.- Ch 69: Principles of robotic surgery.- Ch 70: Setting up robotic surgery.- Ch 71: Principles of tissue transfer for urologists. Part 5: Technology Interventional.- Ch 72: Neuromodulation by scaral nerve stimulation.- Ch 73: Principles of extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL).- Ch 74: How to carry out shockwave lithotripsy.- Ch 75: New technologies for BPH.- Ch 76: Ablative therapies.- Ch 77: Principles of radiotherapy.- Ch 78: Alternative radiotherapy techniques.- Ch 79: Augmented intravesical drug administration.- Part 6: Technology of renal failure.- Ch 80: Principles of renal replacement therapy (RRT).- Ch 81: Principles of peritoneal dialysis.- Ch 82: Haemodialysis.- Ch 83: Principles of renal transplantation.- Part 7: Assessment of technology.- Ch 84: Key concepts in the design of randomised controlled trials.- Ch 85: Reporting and Interpreting data from RCTs.- Ch 86: Health technology assessment (HTA).- Backmatter: Appendices.