War by Other Means

Dr. Angela Borozna is Adjunct Professor at California State University, Fullerton. She holds a Ph.D. in political science from the Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA, and a Master’s degree in finance from George Washington University, USA. Her current research interests focus on Russian foreign policy, economic sanctions, Arctic policy, the political economy of Russia, and Russia’s strategic culture. She is the author of the book The Sources of Russian Foreign Policy Assertiveness, published with Palgrave Macmillan in 2022. She previously worked for several finance companies in London, New York, and San Francisco.Dr. Lada V. Kochtcheeva is Professor of Political Science in the School of Public and International Affairs at the North Carolina State University. Her research speaks to the theories of governance, globalization, policy innovation, comparative public policy, government-society relations, environmental regulation, and post-communist politics, especially Russian politics. She has conducted research in the United States and abroad, including the UNEP, state agencies, research institutes, and think tanks. She is the author of two books, Russian Politics and Response to Globalization (Palgrave) and Comparative Environmental Regulation in the United States and Russia: Institutions, Flexible Instruments, and Governance (SUNY).

• 1.Introduction.- 2. Sanctions: A Theoretical Review.- 3. Annexation of Crimea: Western Sanctions and Russia’s Response (2014-2021).- 4. The War in Ukraine: Avalanche of Western Sanctions and Russia’s Reaction.- 5. Sanctions Busting: The Role of Various States in Russia’s Resistance to Sanctions.- 6. Assessing Sanctions Effectiveness.- 7. Implications of sanctions to the rest of the world.- 8. Conclusion.