Evolution of India's Polar Policies

Jawahar Bhagwat Associate Professor, Northern Arctic Federal University named after M.V.Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation. Currently, his research work focuses on the Northern Sea Route, Arctic geopolitics and India’s national security. Jawahar holds a Candidate of Political Sciences (Ph.D.) from Saint Petersburg State University and a Ph.D. (History) from the University of Mumbai.  Captain Jawahar Bhagwat is a veteran submariner of the Indian Navy with over 25 years of service, including the command of  a nuclear submarine and two Shishumar (Type 209) class submarines.Anurag Bisen, Senior Fellow, Vivekananda International Foundation, is a veteran submariner of the Indian Navy with over 35 years of service, including the command of Sindhughosh (Kilo) Class missile submarine. Captain Bisen tenanted an 8-year tenure in the National Security Council Secretariat where as a Senior Defence Specialist he worked on a range of maritime subjects including maritime boundary and international maritime law matters, Indo-Pacific, Indian Ocean Region, Maritime and Coastal Security and Polar Issues. He was instrumental in drafting and coordinating the approval process of India’s Arctic Policy, released by the Government in March 2022. He is also Honorary Adjunct Faculty at the National Maritime Foundation, New Delhi. Before joining VIF as a Senior Fellow, Captain Bisen was a Research Fellow at the Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.

• I Introduction.- II India and Antarctica.- III The Arctic Region.- IV India and the Arctic States.- V India and the Non-Arctic Asian Observer states.- VI India’s Arctic Discourse.- VII India’s Arctic Policy.- VIII Way Ahead for India’s Arctic Policy.