The Author: Ian Walkinshaw has an M.A. in TES/FL from the University of Birmingham, UK, and a Ph.D. in applied linguistics from Victoria University of Wellington, NZ. His research interests are cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics, second language acquisition and ELT methodology. He has been involved in English language teaching in New Zealand, Japan, Britain and Vietnam, where he currently works as an EFL teacher, teacher-trainer and curriculum designer.

«This is an original, meticulously structured and well-written longitudinal study. It makes a valid contribution to the development of pragmatic competence – an area where very little research exists.» (Professor Dr Juliane House, University of Hamburg)

• Contents: Japanese learners of English – Disagreement speech acts – Theories of politeness – Face-threat – Individualism and collectivism – Power distance – Second language/Culture acquisition – Shifts in production of disagreements – Utterance length – Shifts in recognising and interpreting disagreements – Enryo-based assessments of pragmatic variation – Power-risk assessments of pragmatic variation – Environmental and pedagogical factors influencing pragmatic acquisition.

The Author: Ian Walkinshaw has an M.A. in TES/FL from the University of Birmingham, UK, and a Ph.D. in applied linguistics from Victoria University of Wellington, NZ. His research interests are cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics, second language acquisition and ELT methodology. He has been involved in English language teaching in New Zealand, Japan, Britain and Vietnam, where he currently works as an EFL teacher, teacher-trainer and curriculum designer.

«This is an original, meticulously structured and well-written longitudinal study. It makes a valid contribution to the development of pragmatic competence – an area where very little research exists.» (Professor Dr Juliane House, University of Hamburg)

• Contents: Japanese learners of English – Disagreement speech acts – Theories of politeness – Face-threat – Individualism and collectivism – Power distance – Second language/Culture acquisition – Shifts in production of disagreements – Utterance length – Shifts in recognising and interpreting disagreements – Enryo-based assessments of pragmatic variation – Power-risk assessments of pragmatic variation – Environmental and pedagogical factors influencing pragmatic acquisition.

The Author: Ian Walkinshaw has an M.A. in TES/FL from the University of Birmingham, UK, and a Ph.D. in applied linguistics from Victoria University of Wellington, NZ. His research interests are cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics, second language acquisition and ELT methodology. He has been involved in English language teaching in New Zealand, Japan, Britain and Vietnam, where he currently works as an EFL teacher, teacher-trainer and curriculum designer.

«This is an original, meticulously structured and well-written longitudinal study. It makes a valid contribution to the development of pragmatic competence – an area where very little research exists.» (Professor Dr Juliane House, University of Hamburg)

• Contents: Japanese learners of English – Disagreement speech acts – Theories of politeness – Face-threat – Individualism and collectivism – Power distance – Second language/Culture acquisition – Shifts in production of disagreements – Utterance length – Shifts in recognising and interpreting disagreements – Enryo-based assessments of pragmatic variation – Power-risk assessments of pragmatic variation – Environmental and pedagogical factors influencing pragmatic acquisition.