Thomas Kvist, DDS, PhD, is Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Endodontology at the Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Dr. Kvist graduated in 1983 from the School of Dentistry, Göteborg in 1983 and went on to complete his Specialist Certification in Endodontics in 1994 and his doctorate in Odontology (Göteborg University) in 2001. Prior to joining the Institute of Odontology at The Sahlgrenska Academy, he was Director of Postgraduate Training in Endodontology in the Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Public Dental Health, Gothenburg and Head of Clinic, Special Clinic for Endodontics, Public Dental Health Service, Gothenburg. Dr. Kvist has been a lecturer or instructor on numerous continuing endodontic courses and workshops and an invited speaker at numerous national and international meetings. He has served as Treasurer of the Scandinavian Society of Endodontology and Secretary of the Swedish Endodontic Society and in 2014 became a Member of the Cochrane Oral Health Group Restorative Speciality Expert Group.

• Introduction.- Incidence, frequency and prevalence.- Etiology.- Consequences.- Decision making.- Surgical retreatment.- Non surgical retreatment.- Prognosis.- Alternatives – Extraction and tooth replacement.- Index.

Thomas Kvist, DDS, PhD, is Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Endodontology at the Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden. Dr. Kvist graduated in 1983 from the School of Dentistry, Göteborg in 1983 and went on to complete his Specialist Certification in Endodontics in 1994 and his doctorate in Odontology (Göteborg University) in 2001. Prior to joining the Institute of Odontology at The Sahlgrenska Academy, he was Director of Postgraduate Training in Endodontology in the Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Public Dental Health, Gothenburg and Head of Clinic, Special Clinic for Endodontics, Public Dental Health Service, Gothenburg. Dr. Kvist has been a lecturer or instructor on numerous continuing endodontic courses and workshops and an invited speaker at numerous national and international meetings. He has served as Treasurer of the Scandinavian Society of Endodontology and Secretary of the Swedish Endodontic Society and in 2014 became a Member of the Cochrane Oral Health Group Restorative Speciality Expert Group.

• Introduction.- Incidence, frequency and prevalence.- Etiology.- Consequences.- Decision making.- Surgical retreatment.- Non surgical retreatment.- Prognosis.- Alternatives – Extraction and tooth replacement.- Index.