Ferroelectrics

Dr. Ashim Kumar Bain received his M.Sc. (Physics) degree in 1989 from Rajshahi University, Bangladesh, and his Ph.D. (Materials Science) degree from Dniepropetrovsk State University, Ukraine, in 1994. He was a postdoctoral research fellow (1995-1998) at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India. He worked as a lecturer (1998-2000) at the IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and as a senior scientific officer (2000-2002) at the BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ashim Bain also worked as a visiting research fellow at the University of Birmingham, UK, from June 2002 to December 2002 under the Royal Society (UK) fellowship scheme. Presently he has been working as a freelance Physicist in Birmingham, UK. He has published 15 articles and two book chapters. Prem Chand has a master's degree in physics and obtained his PhD degree from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur, India. After working at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India for almost thirty years he reached the highest position of Chief Scientist. Later he has served as director of an engineering college at Delhi-NCR-Sonepat, Haryana, India. Currently, he is serving as professor & head of physics in Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (S R M) University in Delhi-NCR-Sonepat, Haryana, India. Prof. Chand has authored more than hundred scientific publications several review articles and two invited book chapters on ferroelectrics.

• 1 Dielectric Properties of Materials 11.1 Energy Band in Crystals 11.2 Conductor, Insulator, and Semiconductor 31.3 Fermi–Dirac Distribution Function 51.4 Dielectrics 62 Microscopic Properties of Materials 192.1 Phonon 192.2 Phase Transition 23References 343 Pyroelectricity and Piezoelectricity 373.1 Introduction 373.2 Pyroelectricity 383.3 Piezoelectricity 393.4 Applications of Piezoelectric Materials 43References 734 Ferroelectricity 794.1 Introduction 794.2 Ferroelectrics 804.3 Classification of Ferroelectric Materials 88References 1615 Ferroelectric Ceramics: Devices and Applications 1955.1 Introduction 1955.2 Capacitors 1965.3 Explosive-to-Electrical Transducers (EETs) 2015.4 Composites 2035.5 Thin Films 2035.6 AlternativeMemories Based on Ferroelectric Materials 2145.7 Nanoscale Ferroelectrics 2195.8 Electro-optic Devices 2335.9 Photoelastic Devices 2545.10 Photorefractive Devices 260References 287Index 307