Surinder K. Mehta, Vice Chancellor, University of Ladakh, and Professor of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. He has published more than 360 articles in international peer-reviewed journals and is the author of numerous books and book chapters. His research interests include metallosurfactant chemistry, nano electrochemical sensors, synthesis and application of semiconducting nanoparticles, colloidal chemistry, and nanodrug delivery systems.Ravneet Kaur, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry and Physical Science, Ivytech Community College, Indiana, USA. She is the author of numerous scientific publications in the field of metallosurfactants chemistry and is a recipient of the All India UGC Postdoctoral Fellowship in Chemical Sciences at Panjab University, and a DAAD fellowship at Technical University Berlin, Germany, among several others.

• Preface xi1 Metallosurfactants, a “Novel Portmanteau”: A Holistic Insight into the Structural–Physiognomies Relationships, Synthesis Stratagems, and Characterization 1Ankush Parmar, Shilpee Sachar, and Shweta Sharma1.1 Introduction 11.2 Intrinsic Physiognomies of Metallosurfactants 31.3 Classification of Metallosurfactants 61.4 Syntheses Stratagems and Characterization of Metallosurfactants 81.4.1 Metathesis Reaction 81.4.2 Ligand Substitution Reaction 91.4.3 Ligand Insertion Reaction 101.5 Conclusion 10References 142 Metallosurfactants: A Surface and Interface Perspective 21Ravneet Kaur, Neena Mehta, and Surinder K. Mehta2.1 Introduction 212.2 Micellization and Surface Parameters 222.2.1 Thermodynamics of Micellization 232.2.2 Adsorption Parameters 242.3 Adsorption of Surfactant Monolayers 342.4 Conclusions 36References 363 Metallosurfactant Self-Assembly: Structures and Chemistry of Interfacial, Biphasic, and Phase Transfer Catalysis 39Ravneet Kaur and Aashima Sharma3.1 Introduction 393.2 Self-Aggregation Behavior 403.2.1 Micelles 403.2.2 Inverted Micelles 443.2.3 Vesicles 463.2.4 Lamellar Phases 493.3 Chemistry of Catalysis 503.3.1 Micellar Catalysis 513.3.2 Vesicular Structures in Catalysis 533.3.3 Interfacial Catalysis 563.4 Conclusions 58Acknowledgment 58References 584 Hydrolytic Metallosurfactants: Nanocatalysts for Esterolytic Reactions 63Bhanushree Gupta, Rahul Sharma, and Kallol K. Ghosh4.1 Introduction 634.2 Metallosurfactants as Nanocatalyst for Esterolytic Reactions 644.3 Catalytic Hydrolysis of Carboxylate Esters 654.4 Catalytic Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters 704.5 Quantitative Treatment of Observed Rates: Application of Kinetic Models 774.6 Conclusion 78References 795 Metallosurfactants as Catalysts in Organic Reactions and Energy-Based Applications 83Sakshi Goel and Supriya Rana5.1 Introduction 835.2 Metallosurfactants as Catalysts in Organic Reactions 855.2.1 Types of Reactions 855.2.2 NHC Metallosurfactant-Catalyzed Reactions 885.2.3 Stimuli-Responsive Metallosurfactant-Catalyzed Reactions 895.2.4 Miscellaneous Reactions 905.3 Metallosurfactants as Catalyst in Water Oxidation 915.4 Light-Driven Hydrogen Generation 955.5 Conclusions 97References 986 Metallosurfactants as Drug-Delivery Vehicles 103Rohini Kanwar, Amit Kumar, Jyoti Rathee, and Surinder K. Mehta6.1 Introduction 1036.2 Distinct Assemblies of Metallosurfactants in Drug Delivery 1056.2.1 Metallosomes as Drug-Delivery Agents 1056.2.2 Metallosurfactants and Its Self-Assembled Structures as Nanovectors 1076.2.3 Metallosurfactant Co-polymer-Based Micellar Systems for Drug Delivery 1086.3 Metallosurfactants as MRI Contrast Agents 1096.4 Conclusion 112Acknowledgments 112References 1127 Metallosurfactants as Molecular Machines for the Preparation of Hybrid Silica-Based Porous Material 117Rekha Bhar and Surinder K. Mehta7.1 Introduction 1177.2 Porous Silica-Based Materials 1187.2.1 Molecular Machine 1197.2.2 General Synthesis Procedure of Porous Silica Material 1207.3 Different Types of Porous Silica-Based Material 1217.3.1 Copper@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1217.3.2 Ruthenium@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1247.3.3 Cobalt@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1257.3.4 Iron@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1267.3.5 Other Metallosurfactant-Based Porous Material 1287.4 Future Perspectives 1297.5 Conclusion 130References 1308 Metallosurfactants as Non-viral Vectors in Transfection 135Pilar López-Cornejo, José A. Lebrón, Francisco J. Ostos, Manuel López-López, María L. Moyá, Eva Bernal, and Carmen Martín8.1 Introduction 1358.2 Metallosurfactant Monomers 1378.3 Metallomicelles 1458.4 Metalloliposomes (Metallosomes) 1478.5 Future Perspectives 151Acknowledgments 151References 1519 Metallosurfactants as Nanoreactors for Nanoparticle Synthesis 159Jaspreet Kaur, Rekha Bhar, Khushwinder Kaur, and Surinder K. Mehta9.1 Introduction 1599.2 Metallosurfactants as Reactors for Nanoparticle Synthesis 1619.2.1 Colloidal Synthesis 1619.2.2 Thermal Decomposition 1689.2.3 Biphasic Redox Reaction 1699.3 Future Perspective 1739.4 Conclusion 174Acknowledgments 174References 17410 Metallosurfactants and Their Biological Attributes: Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties 179Neha Jindal and Shivani Uppal10.1 Introduction 17910.2 Antimicrobial Activity 18010.2.1 Metallosurfactants Effective against Bacteria 18110.2.2 Metallosurfactants Effective Against Fungus 18210.3 Anticancer Activity 18510.3.1 Metallosurfactants Effective Against Breast Cancer 18610.3.2 Metallosurfactants Effective Against Lung Cancer 18910.4 Conclusion and Future Challenges 189References 19011 Metallosurfactants as Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules 195Maribel Marín-García, Núria Benseny-Cases, Mercedes Camacho, and Ramon Barnadas-Rodríguez11.1 Why CO? 19511.2 How to Deliver CO? 19811.3 CO-releasing Metallosurfactants 20211.3.1 Synthesis of Molybdenum-Based CORMs 20411.3.2 Properties of Mixed CORAs Constituted by Molybdenum-Based Metallosurfactants and Phospholipids 20511.4 Conclusions 208Acknowledgments 208References 20812 Supramolecular Metal-Modified Nanocontainers Based on Amphiphilic and Hybrid Matrix: Self-Assembling Behavior and Practical Applications 223Elena P. Zhiltsova, Marina R. Ibatullina, Ruslan R. Kashapov, Nadezda E. Kashapova, Albina Y. Ziganshina, Lucia Y. Zakharova, and Oleg G. Sinyashin12.1 Introduction 22312.2 Structure, Properties, and Biomedical Application of Metallosurfactants 22412.3 Amphiphilic System Based on Metallosurfactants and Macrocycles 22712.4 Nanocomposites Based on Amphiphilic Resorcinarenes and Metal Nanoparticles 23512.5 Conclusions 239Acknowledgments 240References 24113 Metallosurfactants in Nanoscale Molecular Containers as Sensors 249Devika Vashisht and Nicole Pamme13.1 Introduction 24913.1.1 Metallosurfactants 24913.2 Metallosurfactants as Nanosized Containers for Self-assembled Molecular Devices 25113.3 Surfactant Aggregates in Chemical Detection 25213.4 Self-Assembled Moieties as Fluorescent Sensors 25313.5 Metallosurfactants and Detection Protocol 25513.6 Conclusions 262Acknowledgments 262References 262Index 265

Surinder K. Mehta, Vice Chancellor, University of Ladakh, and Professor of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. He has published more than 360 articles in international peer-reviewed journals and is the author of numerous books and book chapters. His research interests include metallosurfactant chemistry, nano electrochemical sensors, synthesis and application of semiconducting nanoparticles, colloidal chemistry, and nanodrug delivery systems.Ravneet Kaur, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry and Physical Science, Ivytech Community College, Indiana, USA. She is the author of numerous scientific publications in the field of metallosurfactants chemistry and is a recipient of the All India UGC Postdoctoral Fellowship in Chemical Sciences at Panjab University, and a DAAD fellowship at Technical University Berlin, Germany, among several others.

• Preface xi1 Metallosurfactants, a “Novel Portmanteau”: A Holistic Insight into the Structural–Physiognomies Relationships, Synthesis Stratagems, and Characterization 1Ankush Parmar, Shilpee Sachar, and Shweta Sharma1.1 Introduction 11.2 Intrinsic Physiognomies of Metallosurfactants 31.3 Classification of Metallosurfactants 61.4 Syntheses Stratagems and Characterization of Metallosurfactants 81.4.1 Metathesis Reaction 81.4.2 Ligand Substitution Reaction 91.4.3 Ligand Insertion Reaction 101.5 Conclusion 10References 142 Metallosurfactants: A Surface and Interface Perspective 21Ravneet Kaur, Neena Mehta, and Surinder K. Mehta2.1 Introduction 212.2 Micellization and Surface Parameters 222.2.1 Thermodynamics of Micellization 232.2.2 Adsorption Parameters 242.3 Adsorption of Surfactant Monolayers 342.4 Conclusions 36References 363 Metallosurfactant Self-Assembly: Structures and Chemistry of Interfacial, Biphasic, and Phase Transfer Catalysis 39Ravneet Kaur and Aashima Sharma3.1 Introduction 393.2 Self-Aggregation Behavior 403.2.1 Micelles 403.2.2 Inverted Micelles 443.2.3 Vesicles 463.2.4 Lamellar Phases 493.3 Chemistry of Catalysis 503.3.1 Micellar Catalysis 513.3.2 Vesicular Structures in Catalysis 533.3.3 Interfacial Catalysis 563.4 Conclusions 58Acknowledgment 58References 584 Hydrolytic Metallosurfactants: Nanocatalysts for Esterolytic Reactions 63Bhanushree Gupta, Rahul Sharma, and Kallol K. Ghosh4.1 Introduction 634.2 Metallosurfactants as Nanocatalyst for Esterolytic Reactions 644.3 Catalytic Hydrolysis of Carboxylate Esters 654.4 Catalytic Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters 704.5 Quantitative Treatment of Observed Rates: Application of Kinetic Models 774.6 Conclusion 78References 795 Metallosurfactants as Catalysts in Organic Reactions and Energy-Based Applications 83Sakshi Goel and Supriya Rana5.1 Introduction 835.2 Metallosurfactants as Catalysts in Organic Reactions 855.2.1 Types of Reactions 855.2.2 NHC Metallosurfactant-Catalyzed Reactions 885.2.3 Stimuli-Responsive Metallosurfactant-Catalyzed Reactions 895.2.4 Miscellaneous Reactions 905.3 Metallosurfactants as Catalyst in Water Oxidation 915.4 Light-Driven Hydrogen Generation 955.5 Conclusions 97References 986 Metallosurfactants as Drug-Delivery Vehicles 103Rohini Kanwar, Amit Kumar, Jyoti Rathee, and Surinder K. Mehta6.1 Introduction 1036.2 Distinct Assemblies of Metallosurfactants in Drug Delivery 1056.2.1 Metallosomes as Drug-Delivery Agents 1056.2.2 Metallosurfactants and Its Self-Assembled Structures as Nanovectors 1076.2.3 Metallosurfactant Co-polymer-Based Micellar Systems for Drug Delivery 1086.3 Metallosurfactants as MRI Contrast Agents 1096.4 Conclusion 112Acknowledgments 112References 1127 Metallosurfactants as Molecular Machines for the Preparation of Hybrid Silica-Based Porous Material 117Rekha Bhar and Surinder K. Mehta7.1 Introduction 1177.2 Porous Silica-Based Materials 1187.2.1 Molecular Machine 1197.2.2 General Synthesis Procedure of Porous Silica Material 1207.3 Different Types of Porous Silica-Based Material 1217.3.1 Copper@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1217.3.2 Ruthenium@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1247.3.3 Cobalt@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1257.3.4 Iron@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1267.3.5 Other Metallosurfactant-Based Porous Material 1287.4 Future Perspectives 1297.5 Conclusion 130References 1308 Metallosurfactants as Non-viral Vectors in Transfection 135Pilar López-Cornejo, José A. Lebrón, Francisco J. Ostos, Manuel López-López, María L. Moyá, Eva Bernal, and Carmen Martín8.1 Introduction 1358.2 Metallosurfactant Monomers 1378.3 Metallomicelles 1458.4 Metalloliposomes (Metallosomes) 1478.5 Future Perspectives 151Acknowledgments 151References 1519 Metallosurfactants as Nanoreactors for Nanoparticle Synthesis 159Jaspreet Kaur, Rekha Bhar, Khushwinder Kaur, and Surinder K. Mehta9.1 Introduction 1599.2 Metallosurfactants as Reactors for Nanoparticle Synthesis 1619.2.1 Colloidal Synthesis 1619.2.2 Thermal Decomposition 1689.2.3 Biphasic Redox Reaction 1699.3 Future Perspective 1739.4 Conclusion 174Acknowledgments 174References 17410 Metallosurfactants and Their Biological Attributes: Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties 179Neha Jindal and Shivani Uppal10.1 Introduction 17910.2 Antimicrobial Activity 18010.2.1 Metallosurfactants Effective against Bacteria 18110.2.2 Metallosurfactants Effective Against Fungus 18210.3 Anticancer Activity 18510.3.1 Metallosurfactants Effective Against Breast Cancer 18610.3.2 Metallosurfactants Effective Against Lung Cancer 18910.4 Conclusion and Future Challenges 189References 19011 Metallosurfactants as Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules 195Maribel Marín-García, Núria Benseny-Cases, Mercedes Camacho, and Ramon Barnadas-Rodríguez11.1 Why CO? 19511.2 How to Deliver CO? 19811.3 CO-releasing Metallosurfactants 20211.3.1 Synthesis of Molybdenum-Based CORMs 20411.3.2 Properties of Mixed CORAs Constituted by Molybdenum-Based Metallosurfactants and Phospholipids 20511.4 Conclusions 208Acknowledgments 208References 20812 Supramolecular Metal-Modified Nanocontainers Based on Amphiphilic and Hybrid Matrix: Self-Assembling Behavior and Practical Applications 223Elena P. Zhiltsova, Marina R. Ibatullina, Ruslan R. Kashapov, Nadezda E. Kashapova, Albina Y. Ziganshina, Lucia Y. Zakharova, and Oleg G. Sinyashin12.1 Introduction 22312.2 Structure, Properties, and Biomedical Application of Metallosurfactants 22412.3 Amphiphilic System Based on Metallosurfactants and Macrocycles 22712.4 Nanocomposites Based on Amphiphilic Resorcinarenes and Metal Nanoparticles 23512.5 Conclusions 239Acknowledgments 240References 24113 Metallosurfactants in Nanoscale Molecular Containers as Sensors 249Devika Vashisht and Nicole Pamme13.1 Introduction 24913.1.1 Metallosurfactants 24913.2 Metallosurfactants as Nanosized Containers for Self-assembled Molecular Devices 25113.3 Surfactant Aggregates in Chemical Detection 25213.4 Self-Assembled Moieties as Fluorescent Sensors 25313.5 Metallosurfactants and Detection Protocol 25513.6 Conclusions 262Acknowledgments 262References 262Index 265

Surinder K. Mehta, Vice Chancellor, University of Ladakh, and Professor of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. He has published more than 360 articles in international peer-reviewed journals and is the author of numerous books and book chapters. His research interests include metallosurfactant chemistry, nano electrochemical sensors, synthesis and application of semiconducting nanoparticles, colloidal chemistry, and nanodrug delivery systems.Ravneet Kaur, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry and Physical Science, Ivytech Community College, Indiana, USA. She is the author of numerous scientific publications in the field of metallosurfactants chemistry and is a recipient of the All India UGC Postdoctoral Fellowship in Chemical Sciences at Panjab University, and a DAAD fellowship at Technical University Berlin, Germany, among several others.

• Preface xi1 Metallosurfactants, a “Novel Portmanteau”: A Holistic Insight into the Structural–Physiognomies Relationships, Synthesis Stratagems, and Characterization 1Ankush Parmar, Shilpee Sachar, and Shweta Sharma1.1 Introduction 11.2 Intrinsic Physiognomies of Metallosurfactants 31.3 Classification of Metallosurfactants 61.4 Syntheses Stratagems and Characterization of Metallosurfactants 81.4.1 Metathesis Reaction 81.4.2 Ligand Substitution Reaction 91.4.3 Ligand Insertion Reaction 101.5 Conclusion 10References 142 Metallosurfactants: A Surface and Interface Perspective 21Ravneet Kaur, Neena Mehta, and Surinder K. Mehta2.1 Introduction 212.2 Micellization and Surface Parameters 222.2.1 Thermodynamics of Micellization 232.2.2 Adsorption Parameters 242.3 Adsorption of Surfactant Monolayers 342.4 Conclusions 36References 363 Metallosurfactant Self-Assembly: Structures and Chemistry of Interfacial, Biphasic, and Phase Transfer Catalysis 39Ravneet Kaur and Aashima Sharma3.1 Introduction 393.2 Self-Aggregation Behavior 403.2.1 Micelles 403.2.2 Inverted Micelles 443.2.3 Vesicles 463.2.4 Lamellar Phases 493.3 Chemistry of Catalysis 503.3.1 Micellar Catalysis 513.3.2 Vesicular Structures in Catalysis 533.3.3 Interfacial Catalysis 563.4 Conclusions 58Acknowledgment 58References 584 Hydrolytic Metallosurfactants: Nanocatalysts for Esterolytic Reactions 63Bhanushree Gupta, Rahul Sharma, and Kallol K. Ghosh4.1 Introduction 634.2 Metallosurfactants as Nanocatalyst for Esterolytic Reactions 644.3 Catalytic Hydrolysis of Carboxylate Esters 654.4 Catalytic Hydrolysis of Phosphate Esters 704.5 Quantitative Treatment of Observed Rates: Application of Kinetic Models 774.6 Conclusion 78References 795 Metallosurfactants as Catalysts in Organic Reactions and Energy-Based Applications 83Sakshi Goel and Supriya Rana5.1 Introduction 835.2 Metallosurfactants as Catalysts in Organic Reactions 855.2.1 Types of Reactions 855.2.2 NHC Metallosurfactant-Catalyzed Reactions 885.2.3 Stimuli-Responsive Metallosurfactant-Catalyzed Reactions 895.2.4 Miscellaneous Reactions 905.3 Metallosurfactants as Catalyst in Water Oxidation 915.4 Light-Driven Hydrogen Generation 955.5 Conclusions 97References 986 Metallosurfactants as Drug-Delivery Vehicles 103Rohini Kanwar, Amit Kumar, Jyoti Rathee, and Surinder K. Mehta6.1 Introduction 1036.2 Distinct Assemblies of Metallosurfactants in Drug Delivery 1056.2.1 Metallosomes as Drug-Delivery Agents 1056.2.2 Metallosurfactants and Its Self-Assembled Structures as Nanovectors 1076.2.3 Metallosurfactant Co-polymer-Based Micellar Systems for Drug Delivery 1086.3 Metallosurfactants as MRI Contrast Agents 1096.4 Conclusion 112Acknowledgments 112References 1127 Metallosurfactants as Molecular Machines for the Preparation of Hybrid Silica-Based Porous Material 117Rekha Bhar and Surinder K. Mehta7.1 Introduction 1177.2 Porous Silica-Based Materials 1187.2.1 Molecular Machine 1197.2.2 General Synthesis Procedure of Porous Silica Material 1207.3 Different Types of Porous Silica-Based Material 1217.3.1 Copper@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1217.3.2 Ruthenium@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1247.3.3 Cobalt@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1257.3.4 Iron@Surfactants-Based Porous Material 1267.3.5 Other Metallosurfactant-Based Porous Material 1287.4 Future Perspectives 1297.5 Conclusion 130References 1308 Metallosurfactants as Non-viral Vectors in Transfection 135Pilar López-Cornejo, José A. Lebrón, Francisco J. Ostos, Manuel López-López, María L. Moyá, Eva Bernal, and Carmen Martín8.1 Introduction 1358.2 Metallosurfactant Monomers 1378.3 Metallomicelles 1458.4 Metalloliposomes (Metallosomes) 1478.5 Future Perspectives 151Acknowledgments 151References 1519 Metallosurfactants as Nanoreactors for Nanoparticle Synthesis 159Jaspreet Kaur, Rekha Bhar, Khushwinder Kaur, and Surinder K. Mehta9.1 Introduction 1599.2 Metallosurfactants as Reactors for Nanoparticle Synthesis 1619.2.1 Colloidal Synthesis 1619.2.2 Thermal Decomposition 1689.2.3 Biphasic Redox Reaction 1699.3 Future Perspective 1739.4 Conclusion 174Acknowledgments 174References 17410 Metallosurfactants and Their Biological Attributes: Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties 179Neha Jindal and Shivani Uppal10.1 Introduction 17910.2 Antimicrobial Activity 18010.2.1 Metallosurfactants Effective against Bacteria 18110.2.2 Metallosurfactants Effective Against Fungus 18210.3 Anticancer Activity 18510.3.1 Metallosurfactants Effective Against Breast Cancer 18610.3.2 Metallosurfactants Effective Against Lung Cancer 18910.4 Conclusion and Future Challenges 189References 19011 Metallosurfactants as Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules 195Maribel Marín-García, Núria Benseny-Cases, Mercedes Camacho, and Ramon Barnadas-Rodríguez11.1 Why CO? 19511.2 How to Deliver CO? 19811.3 CO-releasing Metallosurfactants 20211.3.1 Synthesis of Molybdenum-Based CORMs 20411.3.2 Properties of Mixed CORAs Constituted by Molybdenum-Based Metallosurfactants and Phospholipids 20511.4 Conclusions 208Acknowledgments 208References 20812 Supramolecular Metal-Modified Nanocontainers Based on Amphiphilic and Hybrid Matrix: Self-Assembling Behavior and Practical Applications 223Elena P. Zhiltsova, Marina R. Ibatullina, Ruslan R. Kashapov, Nadezda E. Kashapova, Albina Y. Ziganshina, Lucia Y. Zakharova, and Oleg G. Sinyashin12.1 Introduction 22312.2 Structure, Properties, and Biomedical Application of Metallosurfactants 22412.3 Amphiphilic System Based on Metallosurfactants and Macrocycles 22712.4 Nanocomposites Based on Amphiphilic Resorcinarenes and Metal Nanoparticles 23512.5 Conclusions 239Acknowledgments 240References 24113 Metallosurfactants in Nanoscale Molecular Containers as Sensors 249Devika Vashisht and Nicole Pamme13.1 Introduction 24913.1.1 Metallosurfactants 24913.2 Metallosurfactants as Nanosized Containers for Self-assembled Molecular Devices 25113.3 Surfactant Aggregates in Chemical Detection 25213.4 Self-Assembled Moieties as Fluorescent Sensors 25313.5 Metallosurfactants and Detection Protocol 25513.6 Conclusions 262Acknowledgments 262References 262Index 265