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    1. Naturvetenskap och teknik
    2. Matematik och naturvetenskap
    3. Fysik

    Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection

    AvJames S. Bogard,Darryl J. Downing

    Inbunden, Engelska, 2023

    1 309 kr

    Skickas . Fri frakt över 249 kr.

    Beskrivning

    Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection Discover the keys to radiation protection in the fourth edition of this best-selling textbook A variety of atomic and sub-atomic processes, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay or electron ejection from inner atom shells, can produce ionizing radiation. This radiation can in turn produce environmental and biological effects both harmful – including DNA damage and other impacts of so-called ‘radiation sickness’ – and helpful, including radiation treatment for cancerous tumors. Understanding the processes that generate radiation and the steps which can be taken to mitigate or direct its effects is therefore critical in a wide range of industries and medical subfields. For decades, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection has served as the classic reference work on the subject of ionizing radiation and its safeguards. Beginning with a presentation of fundamental atomic structure and the physical mechanisms which produce radiation, the book also includes thorough discussion of how radiation can be detected and measured, as well as guide-lines for interpreting radiation statistics and detailed analysis of protective measures, both individual and environmental. Now updated by a new generation of leading scholars and researchers, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection will continue to serve global scientific and industrial research communities. Readers of the fourth edition of Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection will also find: Detailed updates of existing material, including the latest recommendations of the ICRP and NCRPTreatment of current physiokinetic and dosimetric modelsAll statistics now presented in SI units, making the book more globally accessibleAtoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection is a foundational guide for graduate students and researchers in health physics and nuclear physics, as well as related industries.

    Produktinformation

    • Utgivningsdatum:2023-01-18
    • Mått:175 x 246 x 36 mm
    • Vikt:1 225 g
    • Format:Inbunden
    • Språk:Engelska
    • Antal sidor:608
    • Upplaga:4
    • Förlag:Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
    • ISBN:9783527413522

    Utforska kategorier

    • Fysik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

    Mer om författaren

    James S. Bogard is retired from Dade Moeller/NV5 and from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, where he was Senior Health Physicist and Senior Research Staff, respectively. He is the author or co-author of over 100 articles, technical reports and presentations, including a workbook of health physics problems and solutions and a textbook on statistical methods used in radiation physics and health physics. Dr. Bogard is a past President of the American Academy of Health Physics, a Fellow of the Health Physics Society, and a Distinguished Alumnus of Texas State University. Darryl J. Downing is Vice President, Statistical and Quantitative Sciences, as GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical company. He is also a member of the International Statistics Institute, and has served as a researcher at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, as well as authoring numerous scholarly publications. Robert L. Coleman is a Senior Scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Technical Lead for in-vivo bioassay measurements. He is in charge of technical and everyday aspects of whole body, lung and organ measurements for gamma and x-ray emitting radionuclides in support of the ORNL radiation dosimetry program. Keith F. Eckerman is Staff Scientist in Energy and Environmental Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He received his PhD in Radiological Physics from Northwestern University, is a Fellow of the Health Physics Society, an emeritus member of Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, and has contributed widely to various regulatory issues in radiation protection. James E. Turner (1930-2008) was a Corporate Fellow at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and an Adjunct Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the University of Tennessee. He served on the editorial staffs of multiple journals, including Health Physics and Radiation Research, and conducted extensive research and teaching both inside and outside the US.

    Innehållsförteckning

    • ABOUT ATOMIC PHYSICS AND RADIATIONClassical PhysicsDiscovery of X-RaysSome Important Dates in Atomic and Radiation PhysicsImportant Dates in Radiation ProtectionSources and Levels of Radiation ExposureSuggested Reading ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND ATOMIC RADIATIONThe Atomic Nature of Matter (ca. 1900)The Rutherford Nuclear AtomBohr's Theory of the Hydrogen AtomSemiclassical Mechanics, 1913-1925Quantum MechanicsThe Pauli Exclusion PrincipleAtomic Theory of the Periodic SystemMoleculesSolids and Energy BandsContinuous and Characteristic X RaysAuger ElectronsSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers THE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR RADIATIONNuclear StructureNuclear Binding EnergiesAlpha DecayBeta Decay (beta-)Gamma-Ray EmissionInternal ConversionOrbital Electron CapturePositron Decay (beta+)Suggested ReadingProblemsAnswers RADIOACTIVE DECAYActivityExponential DecaySpecific ActivitySerial Radioactive DecayNatural RadioactivityRadon and Radon DaughtersSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers INTERACTION OF HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES WITH MATTEREnergy-Loss MechanismsMaximum Energy Transfer in a Single CollisionSingle-Collision Energy-Loss SpectraStopping PowerSemiclassical Calculation of Stopping PowerThe Bethe Formula for Stopping PowerMean Excitation EnergiesTable for Computation of Stopping PowersStopping Power of Water for ProtonsRangeSlowing-Down TimeLimitations of Bethe's Stopping-Power FormulaSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers INTERACTION OF ELECTRONS WITH MATTEREnergy-Loss MechanismsCollisional Stopping PowerRadiative Stopping PowerRadiation YieldRangeSlowing-Down TimeExamples of Electron Tracks in WaterSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH CHARGED-PARTICLE TRACKSDelta RaysRestricted Stopping PowerLinear Energy Transfer (LET)Specific IonizationEnergy StragglingRange StragglingMultiple Coulomb ScatteringSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers INTERACTION OF PHOTONS WITH MATTERInteraction MechanismsPhotoelectric EffectEnergy-Momentum Requirements for Photon Absorption by an ElectronCompton EffectPair ProductionPhotonuclear ReactionsAttenuation CoefficientsEnergy-Transfer and Energy-Absorption CoefficientsCalculation of Energy Absorption and Energy TransferSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers NEUTRONS, FISSION, AND CRITICALITYIntroductionNeutron SourcesClassification of NeutronsInteractions with MatterElastic ScatteringNeutron-Proton Scattering Energy-Loss SpectrumReactionsEnergetics of Threshold ReactionsNeutron ActivationFissionCriticalitySuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers METHODS OF RADIATION DETECTIONIonization in GasesIonization in SemiconductorsScintillationPhotographic FilmThermoluminescenceOther MethodsNeutron DetectionSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers STATISTICSThe Statistical World of Atoms and RadiationRadioactive Disintegration-Exponential DecayRadioactive Disintegration-a Bernoulli ProcessThe Binomial DistributionThe Poisson DistributionThe Normal DistributionError and Error PropagationCounting Radioactive SamplesMinimum Significant Measured Activity-Type-I ErrorsMinimum Detectable True Activity-Type-II ErrorsCriteria for Radiobioassay, HPS Nl3.30-1996Instrument ResponseMonte Carlo Simulation of Radiation TransportSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers RADIATION DOSIMETRYIntroductionQuantities and UnitsMeasurement of ExposureMeasurement of Absorbed DoseMeasurement of X- and Gamma-Ray DoseNeutron DosimetryDose Measurements for Charged-Particle BeamsDetermination of LETDose CalculationsOther Dosimetric Concepts and QuantitiesSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATIONTime Frame for Radiation EffectsPhysical and Prechemical Chances in Irradiated WaterChemical StageExamples of Calculated Charged-Particle Tracks in WaterChemical Yields in WaterBiological EffectsSources of Human DataThe Acute Radiation SyndromeDelayed Somatic EffectsIrradiation of Mammalian Embryo and FetusGenetic EffectsRadiation BiologyDose-Response RelationshipsFactors Affecting Dose ResponseSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers RADIATION-PROTECTION CRITERIA AND EXPOSURE LIMITSObjective of Radiation ProtectionElements of Radiation-Protection ProgramsThe NCRP and ICRPNCRP/ICRP Dosimetric QuantitiesRisk Estimates for Radiation ProtectionCurrent Exposure Limits of the NCRP and ICRPOccupational Limits in the Dose-Equivalent SystemThe "2015 ICRP Recommendations"ICRU Operational QuantitiesProbability of CausationSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers EXTERNAL RADIATION PROTECTIONDistance, Time, and ShieldingGamma-Ray ShieldingShielding in X-Ray InstallationsProtection from Beta RadiationNeutron ShieldingSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers INTERNAL DOSIMETRY AND RADIATION PROTECTIONObjectivesICRP PublicationMethodologyICRP-30 Dosimetric Model for the Respiratory SystemICRP-66 Human Respiratory Tract ModelICRP-30 Dosimetric Model for the Gastrointestinal TractOrgan Activities as Functions of TimeSpecific Absorbed Fraction, Specific Effective Energy, Committed QuantitiesNumber of Transformations in Source Organs over 50 YDosimetric Model for BoneICRP-30 Dosimetric Model for Submersion in a Radioactive CloudSelected ICRP-30 Metabolic Data for Reference ManSuggested ReadingProblemsAnswers APPENDIXA Physical ConstantsB Units and Conversion FactorsC Some Basic Formulas of Physics (MKS and CCS Units)D Selected Data on NuclidesE Statistical Derivations Index