Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers

Michael Jetter is Leader of the Epitaxy and Laser Group, Institute for Semiconductor Optics and Functional Interfaces, University of Stuttgart, Germany. He is expert in III-V semiconductor epitaxy and semiconductor lasers.Peter Michler is Professor and Head of the Institute for Semiconductor Optics and Functional Interfaces, University of Stuttgart, Germany. His research concentrates on quantum dots, non-classical light sources and semiconductor lasers, semiconductor based quantum optics and photonic quantum technologies.

• Preface xiiiPart I Continuous wave VECSEL 11 History of Optically Pumped Semiconductor Lasers – VECSELs 3Mark E. Kuznetsov1.1 Introduction 31.2 OPS-VECSELs: Concept and History 41.3 Micracor 81.4 OPSL Development at Micracor: First Steps 111.5 OPS Development at Micracor: Pushing Forward 141.6 OPS Development at Micracor: Final Chapter 161.7 VECSELs beyond Micracor 202 VECSELs in the Wavelength Range 1.18–1.55 μm 27Antti Rantamäki and Mircea Guina2.1 Introduction 272.2 Overview of GaAs-based Gain Mirror Technologies for Long-wavelength Infrared VECSELs 282.3 Overview of InP-based Gain Mirror Technologies for Long-wavelength Infrared VECSELs 322.4 Conclusion 503 Single-frequency and High Power Operation of 2–3 Micron VECSEL 63Marcel Rattunde, Peter Holl, and Joachim Wagner3.1 Introduction 633.2 Semiconductor Lasers for the MIR Range 643.3 III-Sb Material System 663.4 2–3 μm VECSEL Design 683.5 Mounting Technologies 723.6 Single-frequency Operation (SFO) of 2–3 μm VECSEL 783.7 Conclusion 994 Highly Coherent Single-Frequency Tunable VeCSELs: Concept, Technology, and Physical Study 109Mikhael Myara4.1 Introduction: Lasers for Applications 1094.2 The "Ideal" Laser 1114.3 Toward Single-Mode Operation 1134.4 Toward High Coherence 1184.5 The VeCSEL in the State of the Art 1214.6 Highly Coherent, Tunable VeCSEL Design 1224.7 Limits and Solutions 1254.8 Highly Coherent, Tunable VeCSEL: Main Characteristics 1274.9 Ultrahigh-Purity Single-mode Operation 1294.10 Spatial Coherence 1314.11 Time Domain Coherence and Noise 1314.12 Conclusion 1395 Terahertz Metasurface Quantum Cascade VECSELs 145Benjamin S. Williams and Luyao Xu5.1 Introduction 1455.2 Metasurface Design 1495.3 QC-VECSEL Model 1525.4 THz QC-VECSEL Performance: Power, Efficiency, and Beam Quality 1595.5 Polarization Control in QC-VECSELs 1665.6 Conclusion 1696 DBR-free Optically Pumped Semiconductor Disk Lasers 175Alexander R. Albrecht, Zhou Yang, and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae6.1 Introduction 1756.2 DBR-free Semiconductor Disk Lasers 1766.3 Device Fabrication 1826.4 DBR-free SDL Implementation 1856.5 Novel Concepts 1896.6 Conclusions 1927 Optically Pumped Red-Emitting AlGaInP-VECSELs and the MECSEL Concept 197Hermann Kahle, Michael Jetter, and Peter Michler7.1 Introduction 1977.2 Direct Red-Emitting AlGaInP-VECSELs and Second-Harmonic Generation 1997.3 The Membrane External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (MECSEL) 2127.4 Conclusions 221Part II Mode-Locked VECSEL 2298 Recent Advances in Mode-Locked Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers 231Anne C. Tropper8.1 Introduction 2318.2 Ultrafast Pulse Formation in a Surface-Emitting Semiconductor Laser 2358.3 Performance of Passively Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers 2448.4 Applications 2528.5 Summary and Outlook 2559 Ultrafast Nonequilibrium Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductor Laser Mode-Locking 267I. Kilen, J. Hader, S.W. Koch, and J.V. Moloney9.1 Introduction 2679.2 Background Theory 2699.3 Domain Setup/Modeling 2779.4 Numerical Results 2829.5 Outlook 29910 Mode-Locked AlGaInP VECSEL for the Red and UV Spectral Range 305Roman Bek, Michael Jetter, and Peter Michler10.1 Introduction 30510.2 Epitaxial Layer Design of AlGaInP-SESAM Structures 30610.3 Temporal Response of AlGaInP SESAMs 30710.4 Cavity Designs 30910.5 Characterization Methods 31010.6 Mode-Locking Results 31110.7 Second Harmonic Generation into the UV Spectral Range 31510.8 Summary and Outlook 31711 Colliding Pulse Mode-locked VECSEL 321Alexandre Laurain11.1 Introduction 32111.2 Principle of Colliding Pulse Modelocking 32211.3 Requirements for Stable Colliding Pulse Modelocking 32411.4 Design of an Ultrafast CPM VECSEL 32711.5 Modelocking Results 33511.6 Pulse Interactions in the Saturable Absorber 34111.7 Summary and Outlook 35212 Self-Mode-Locked Semiconductor Disk Lasers 357Arash Rahimi-Iman12.1 Introduction 35712.2 Mode-Locking Techniques for Optically Pumped SDLs at a Glance 35812.3 History of Saturable-Absorber-Free Pulsed VECSELs 36012.4 Overview on SESAM-Free Mode-Locking Achievements 37312.5 Investigations into the Mechanisms and Outlook 376Acknowledgments 381References 382Index 387