Tomasz Bichta, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Poland. His research interests are political systems, and politico-cultural transformations in African countries.Anna Szwed-Walczak, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. Her research interests are political communication with focus on the Polish national movement.

• political music – legitimization – delegitimization – political calculation – Russian shanson – cabaret song – politician’s image – political leadership – political utopia – acid rock – contestation – irony – ambiguity – Hungarian rock bands – nemzeti rock – Critical Race Theory – political violence – racism – revolution