This book presents recent advances in translational research on muscular dystrophy (MD) to physicians and researchers, including cutting-edge research on the disease such as regenerative medicine, next-generation DNA sequencing, and nucleic acid therapies. It also describes the current systems for clinical trials and MD patient databases, resources, which will support the early realization of clinical application and improve patients’ quality of life. MD is the one of the most widely known inherited neuromuscular diseases and is classified into diverse types by symptoms, age of onset, mode of inheritance, and clinical progression. With the development of molecular biology, the occurrence mechanisms of each type of MD are gradually being elucidated. Although there is no known permanent cure yet, the stage of treatment research has now advanced to clinical trials.